Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Tribe Calypsoeae

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 2

  • 786 Accesses

Abstract

Calypso bulbosa is self-compatible but not autogamous. Outcrossing is predominant, and bumblebees are the primary pollinators. The flowers provide no reward and are pollinated by deceit. Fruit production over the lifetime of the plant is pollen limited. Natural populations of Tipularia discolor are maintained primarily by vegetative reproduction, but experimental work supports the occurrence of cross-pollination. The pollinators are nocturnal or crepuscular noctuid moths. Fruit set is limited by pollinator service. A variety of breeding systems are present in Corallorhiza, including cleistogamy, autogamy, outcrossing, and facultative autogamy. Known pollinators include species of Empis, Andrena, and Pimpla pedalis. Seed set in outcrossing taxa appears to be pollinator limited.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ackerman JD (1981) Pollination biology of Calypso bulbosa var. occidentalis (Orchidaceae): a food-deception system. Madrono 28:101–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams MS (1970) Adaptations of Aplectrum hyemale to the environment: effects of preconditioning temperature on net photosynthesis. Bull Torrey Bot Club 97:219–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandersson R, Agren J (1996) Population size, pollinator visitation and fruit production in the deceptive orchid Calypso bulbosa. Oecologia 107:533–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandersson R, Agren J (2000) Genetic structure in the nonrewarding, bumblebee-pollinated orchid Calypso bulbosa. Heredity 85:401–409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auclair AN (1972) Comparative ecology of the orchids Aplectrum hyemale and Orchis spectabilis. Bull Torrey Bot Club 99:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett CF, Freudenstein JV (2009) Patterns of morphological and plastid DNA variation in the Corallorhiza striata complex (Orchidaceae). Syst Bot 34:496–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyden TC (1982) The pollination biology of Calypso bulbosa var. americana (Orchidaceae). Initial deception of bumblebee visitors. Oecologia 55:178–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw RV (1919) Variations in Calypso. Am Bot 25:152

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown PM (1998) Checklist of the orchids of North America north of Mexico. N Am Nat Orchid J 4(1):61–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron DD, Preiss K, Gebauer G, Read DJ (2009) The chlorophyll containing orchid Corallorhiza trifida derives little carbon through photosynthesis. New Phytol 183:358–364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell EO (1970) Morphology of the fungal association in three species of Corallorhiza in Michigan. MI Bot 9:108–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Case FW Jr (1987) Orchids of the Western Great Lakes Region. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, MI

    Google Scholar 

  • Cating PM (1982) Breeding systems of northeastern North American Spiranthes (Orchidaceae). Can J Bot 60:3017–3039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catling PM (1983) Autogamy in eastern Canadian Orchidaceae: a review of current knowledge and some new observations. Nat Can 110:37–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Catling PM (1984) Distribution and pollination biology of Canadian Orchids. In: Tan KW (ed) Proceedings of the 11th world orchid conference. The American Orchid Society, Miami, pp 121–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Catling PM, Catling VR (1991) Anther-cap retention in Tipularia discolor. Lindleyana 6:113–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Catling PM, Sheviak CJ (2002) Tipularia. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed) Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol 26. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 624

    Google Scholar 

  • Claessens J, Kleynen J (1998) Column structure and pollination of Corallorhiza trifida Chatelain. J Europaischer Orchideen 30:629–637

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole LC (1954) The population consequences of life history phenomena. Quart Rev Biol 29:103–137

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook LC (1979) Asexual reproduction: a further consideration. Am Nat 113:767–772

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dafni A (1983) Pollination of Orchis caspia: a nectarless plant which deceives the pollinators of nectariferous species from other plant families. J Ecol 71:467–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danesch O, Danesch E (1962) Orchideen Europas. Mitteleuropa, Bern

    Google Scholar 

  • Dressler RL (1993) Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family. Dioscorides, Portland, OR

    Google Scholar 

  • Efird RB (1987) Corm growth and clonal propagation in Tipularia discolor. M.S. thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, SC

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans W (1919) Notes on insect visitors to Corallorhiza innata and some other orchids in the Forth district. Trans Bot Soc Edinb 27:136–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Firmage DH, Cole FR (1988) Reproductive success and inflorescence size in Calopogon tuberosus (Orchidaceae). Am J Bot 75:1371–1377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freudenstein JV (1994a) Gynostemium structure and relationships of the Corallorhizinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae). Plant Syst Evol 193:1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freudenstein JV (1994b) Character transformation and relationships in Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae). II. Morphological variation and phylogenetic analysis. Am J Bot 81:1458–1467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freudenstein JV (1997) A monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). Harv Pap Bot 10:5–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Freudenstein JV (1999) A new species of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae) from West Virginia, USA Novon 9:511–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freudenstein JV, Doyle JJ (1994) Character transformation and relationships in Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae). I. Plastid DNA. Am J Bot 81:1449–1457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller F (1980) Montan-alpine und Nordisch-alpine Orchideen. Orchideen Mitteleuropas 10, 2nd edn. Die Neue Brehmbucherei 445. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg- Lutherstadt

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfery MJ (1933) Monograph and iconograph of native British Orchidaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregg KB (1989) Reproductive biology of the orchid Cleistes divaricata (Linnaeus) Ames var. bifaria Fernald growing in a West Virginia meadow. Castanea 54:57–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregg KB (1991) Reproductive strategy of Cleistes divericata (Orchidaceae). Am J Bot 78:350–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gumprecht R (1977) Seltsame Bestaubungsvorgange bei Orchideen. Die Orchidee, Beilage zu Heft 28:5–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich B (1979) Bumblebee economics. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogan KP (1983) The pollination biology and breeding system of Aplectrum hyemale (Orchidaceae). Can J Bot 61:1906–1910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horwitz H (2006) A tale of three orchids. Nat Orchid Conf J 3:14–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Kipping JL (1971) Pollination studies of native orchids. M. S. Thesis, San Francisco State College, San Francisco, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Krell R (1977) The pollination ecology of Calypso bulbosa var. occidentalis (Orchidaceae). M. S. thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunth P (1898–1905) Handbuch der Blutenbiologie. Engelmann, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang D (1989) A guide to the wild orchids of Great Britain and Ireland, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Laverty TM (1992) Plant interactions for pollinator visits: a test of the magnet species effect. Oecologia 89:502–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Laverty TM, Plowright RC (1988) Fruit and seed set in mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum): influence of intraspecific factors and local enhancement near Pedicularis canadensis. Can J Bot 66:173–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leavitt RG (1901) Notes on the embryology of some New England orchids. Rhodora 3(61–63): 202–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmberg V (2002) New discoveries on the reproductive biology of Calopogon tuberosus. Orchids 71:138–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Luer CA (1975) The native orchids of the United States and Canada excluding Florida. The New York Botanical Garden, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Magrath LK (2002) Aplectrum. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed) Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol 26. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 632

    Google Scholar 

  • Magrath LK, Freudenstein JV (2002) Corallorhiza. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed) Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol 26. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 633–638

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosquin T (1970) The reproductive biology of Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae). Can Field Nat 84:291–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosquin T (1971) Competition between pollinators as a stimulus for the evolution of flowering time. Oikos 22:398–402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motten AF (1982) Autogamy and competition for pollinators in Hepatica americana (Ranunculaceae). Am J Bot 69:1296–1305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mousley H (1924) Calypso. J NY Bot Gard 25:24–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Mousley H (1925) Further notes on Calypso. Torreya 25:54–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller H (1881) Die Alpenblumen, ihre Befruchtung durch Insekten, und ihre Anpassungen an dieselben. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson LA (1980) The pollination ecology of Dactylorhiza sambucina (Orchidaceae). Botaniska Notiser 133:367–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Nylander OO (1922) Life history of the Calypso. ME Nat 2:82–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Nylander OO (1935) Our Northern Orchids. Photostat filed at library, Plant Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Star-Herald, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Pridgeon AM, Cribb PM, Chase MW, Rasmussen FN (2005) Genera Orchidaceum, vol 4. Epidendroideae (part 1). Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Proctor HC, Harder LD (1994) Pollen load, capsule weight, and seed production in three orchid species. Can J Bot 72:249–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proctor HC, Harder LD (1995) Effect of pollination success on floral longevity in the orchid Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae). Am J Bot 82:1131–1136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer WM, Gadgil MD (1975) Selection for optimal life histories in plants. In: Cody ML, Diamond JM (eds) Ecology and evolution of communities. Belknap, Cambridge, MA, pp 142–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Schemske DW, Willson MF, Melampy MN, Miller LJ, Verner L, Schemske KM, Best B (1978) Flowering ecology of some spring woodland herbs. Ecology 59:351–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schnell D (1997) Of millers and crippled crane-flies. N Am Nat Orchid J 3:436–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Senyo DM, Freudenstein JV (2000) A molecular phylogeny of Corallorhiza and related genera. Botanical Society of America/American Society of Plant Taxonomists joint meeting, Portland, OR, 6–10 Aug (abstract). http://www.2000.botanyconference.org/section13/abstracts/112.shtml

  • Sheviak CJ (1974) An introduction to the ecology of the Illinois orchidaceae. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers XIV, Springfield, IL

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheviak CJ, Catling PM (2002) Calypso. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed) Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol 26. University of Oxford Press, Oxford, pp 622–623

    Google Scholar 

  • Silen F (1906a) Blombiologiska lakttagelser i Kittila Lapmark. Meddelanded Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 31:80–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Silen F (1906b) Blombiologiska lakttagelser i sodra Finland. Meddelanded Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 32:120–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith WR (1993) Orchids of Minnesota. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith JL, Hunter KL, Hunter RB (2002) Genetic variation in the terrestrial orchid Tipularia ­discolor. Southeast Nat 1:17–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snow AA, Whigham DF (1989) Costs of flower and fruit production in Tipularia discolor (Orchidaceae). Ecology 70:1286–1293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins GL Jr (1957) Fertilization and population variability in the higher plants. Am Nat 91:237–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens W, Dill F (1942) Aplectrum spicatum in a Kansas woodland. Trans KA Acad Sci 45:138–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoutamire WP (1971) Pollination in temperate American orchids. In: Coorrigan MJG (ed) Proceedings of the 6th world orchid conference. Halstead, Sydney, pp 233–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoutamire WP (1978) Pollination of Tipularia discolor, an orchid with modified symmetry. Am Orchid Soc Bull 47:413–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Summerhayes VS (1951) Wild orchids of Britain. Collins, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor FG Jr (1974) Phenodynamics of production in a mesic deciduous forest. In: Lieth H (ed) Phenology and seasonality modeling. Springer, New York, pp 237–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Thien LB, Marcks BK (1972) The floral biology of Arethusa bulbosa, Calopogon tuberosus, and Pogonia ophioglossoides (Orchidaceae). Can J Bot 50:2319–2325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tissue DT, Skillman JB, McDonald EP, Strain BR (1995) Photosynthesis and carbon allocation in Tipularia discolor (Orchidaceae), a wintergreen understory herb. Am J Bot 82:1249–1256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Townes H, Townes M (1960) Ichneumon Flies of America North of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. US National Museum Bulletin 216, part 2. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Pijl L, Dodson CH (1966) Orchid flowers, their pollination and evolution. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables, FL

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel S (1978) Pilzmuckenblumen als Pilzmimeten, I-II. Flora 167(329–366):367–398

    Google Scholar 

  • von Kirchner O (1922a) Uber Selbstebestaubung bei den Orchideen. Flora 115:103–129

    Google Scholar 

  • von Kirchner O (1922b) Zur Selbstebestaubung der Orchidaceen. Berichteder Deutschen Botanische Gesellschaft 40:317–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells TCE, Cox R (1989) Predicting the probability of the bee orchid (Ophrys apifera) flowering or remaining vegetative from the size and number of leaves. In: Pritchard HW (ed) The role of physiology, ecology, and management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 129–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Whigham DF (1990) The effect of experimental defoliation on the growth and reproduction of a woodland orchid, Tipularia discolor. Can J Bot 82:1249–1256

    Google Scholar 

  • Whigham DF, McWethy M (1980) Studies on the pollination ecology of Tipularia discolor (Orchidaceae). Am J Bot 67:550–555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whigham DF, O’Neill J (1988) The importance of predation and small scale disturbance to two woodland herb species. In: Werger MJA, van der Aart PJM, During HJ, Verhoeven JTA (eds) Plant form and vegetation structure: adaptation, plasticity and relation to herbivory. SPB Academic, The Hague, pp 243–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Whigham DF, O’Neill J (1991) The dynamics of flowering and fruit production in two eastern North American terrestrial orchids, Tipularia discolor and Liparis lilifolia. In: Wells TCE, Willems JH (eds) Population ecology of terrestrial orchids. SPB Academy, The Hague, pp 89–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Willson MF, Bertin RI (1979) Flower visitors, nectar production, and inflorescence size of Asclepias syriaca. Can J Bot 57:1380–1388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wollin H (1975) Biology in the north of Sweden [Calypso bulbosa, Bombus pascuorum sparreanus, Bombus agorum, pollination]. Fauna–Flora 70:89–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer KM, Gebauer GC (2008) The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial mycoheterotroph. New Phytol 178:395–400

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman JK, Whigham D (1992) Ecological function of carbohydrates stored in the corms of Tipularia discolor (Orchidaceae). Funct Ecol 6:575–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA

    Charles L. Argue Ph.D

Authors
  1. Charles L. Argue Ph.D
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles L. Argue Ph.D .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Argue, C.L. (2012). Tribe Calypsoeae. In: The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0622-8_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation