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KATE NASH- FOUNDATIONS 
An analysis of this music video relating to all the theories. 
•Audience 
•Narrative 
•Genre 
•Representation
Audience 
The audience theory that I will be focussing on for the ‘Foundations’ video will be Encoding and Decoding. 
In the video Kate is living with her partner but is unhappy, this message is put through and interpreted to the 
audience through the use of encoding and decoding. 
The poor relationship is encoded to the audience through several scenes. One of the scenes which show this 
separation is when the man places his legs forward towards Kate, but she moves them away instantly. This 
shows a poor relationship. 
Another way that the poor relationship is encoded through the music video is when Kate destroys a pile of the 
man’s possessions, this shows a lack of respect and care within the relationship.
Audience 
Once the message of a poor and unhappy relationship it is then up to the audience to 
receive and interpret the message based on how they viewed it personally. The 
message that is being received is then decoded by the individual. This message 
could perceived in different ways depending on the individuals view and past life 
experiences and attitude (Social and Cultural Context). The audience will react in 
several different ways, they will either; accept the information and try and interpret 
into their own lives and make it relatable to their lives, or they will just accept the 
information without making it relatable to their lives or they will completely dismiss 
the message and just enjoy the music video as an entertainment media 
production.
Narrative 
The narrative theory that is dominant in this music video, is Levi-Strauss’s theory of Binary opposites. 
Throughout the video is it made clear that the two character are not similar lyrically and visually, the 
beginning of the video starts with a shot of pink and blue toothbrushes, the colours show that there 
is a divide and an opposition within the household. Also in the video, Kate wears bright colours like 
yellow and the male character wears dull colours like brown and dark blue. This is another indication 
of binary opposites being used to show a clear difference in the relationship. 
The use of binary opposites in this music video works well as 
it helps the audience understand and interpret the poor 
relationship and the clear difference with each partner. 
Simple changes like using opposite colours to show light and 
dark allow the differences to be seen.
Genre 
The genre of this music video is made quite clear as the budget is low, and the video is very basic and 
simple, this makes it and indie-pop music video. 
Kapsis says that making the genre clear reduces the audiences confusion and allows them to accept 
and enjoy the production more. There are 5 elements to the creation of video within a specific genre 
these are; plot, character roles, visual style, values and themes and iconography. 
Indie-pop music videos are known for there handheld cameras, low budget, simple props and make-up, 
irony is often used to represent a sense of light-heartedness and humour. The Kate Nash video is a 
mixture of all of these, clearly making it an indie-pop video. 
The video used a handheld camera throughout, possibly representing an unstable relationship, also 
humour is used when she eats lemons, also toy characters turn their back so they can’t see her 
damage the mans property.
Representation 
In this music video, the theorist that I think relates to the video is Saussure and his theory of Semiotics. 
This is because in the video the use of objects are the main way that the director is getting across the 
meaning and message of the video. The actions, colours and objects used by the two characters in 
the video all help to get the meaning across and allow the audience to interpret the message. 
Some people may interpret the objects, colours and actions differently as it is down to an individuals 
perspective. 
Unhappy relationship 
Brown jumper: 
Dull/boring 
personality. 
Toys- Immature 
relationship 
“You humiliate me, in front of our 
friends” - Petty 
“I’d rather be with your friend mate, 
because they are much fitter” – 
Childish arguments

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Analysis of Kate Nash- Foundations

  • 1. KATE NASH- FOUNDATIONS An analysis of this music video relating to all the theories. •Audience •Narrative •Genre •Representation
  • 2. Audience The audience theory that I will be focussing on for the ‘Foundations’ video will be Encoding and Decoding. In the video Kate is living with her partner but is unhappy, this message is put through and interpreted to the audience through the use of encoding and decoding. The poor relationship is encoded to the audience through several scenes. One of the scenes which show this separation is when the man places his legs forward towards Kate, but she moves them away instantly. This shows a poor relationship. Another way that the poor relationship is encoded through the music video is when Kate destroys a pile of the man’s possessions, this shows a lack of respect and care within the relationship.
  • 3. Audience Once the message of a poor and unhappy relationship it is then up to the audience to receive and interpret the message based on how they viewed it personally. The message that is being received is then decoded by the individual. This message could perceived in different ways depending on the individuals view and past life experiences and attitude (Social and Cultural Context). The audience will react in several different ways, they will either; accept the information and try and interpret into their own lives and make it relatable to their lives, or they will just accept the information without making it relatable to their lives or they will completely dismiss the message and just enjoy the music video as an entertainment media production.
  • 4. Narrative The narrative theory that is dominant in this music video, is Levi-Strauss’s theory of Binary opposites. Throughout the video is it made clear that the two character are not similar lyrically and visually, the beginning of the video starts with a shot of pink and blue toothbrushes, the colours show that there is a divide and an opposition within the household. Also in the video, Kate wears bright colours like yellow and the male character wears dull colours like brown and dark blue. This is another indication of binary opposites being used to show a clear difference in the relationship. The use of binary opposites in this music video works well as it helps the audience understand and interpret the poor relationship and the clear difference with each partner. Simple changes like using opposite colours to show light and dark allow the differences to be seen.
  • 5. Genre The genre of this music video is made quite clear as the budget is low, and the video is very basic and simple, this makes it and indie-pop music video. Kapsis says that making the genre clear reduces the audiences confusion and allows them to accept and enjoy the production more. There are 5 elements to the creation of video within a specific genre these are; plot, character roles, visual style, values and themes and iconography. Indie-pop music videos are known for there handheld cameras, low budget, simple props and make-up, irony is often used to represent a sense of light-heartedness and humour. The Kate Nash video is a mixture of all of these, clearly making it an indie-pop video. The video used a handheld camera throughout, possibly representing an unstable relationship, also humour is used when she eats lemons, also toy characters turn their back so they can’t see her damage the mans property.
  • 6. Representation In this music video, the theorist that I think relates to the video is Saussure and his theory of Semiotics. This is because in the video the use of objects are the main way that the director is getting across the meaning and message of the video. The actions, colours and objects used by the two characters in the video all help to get the meaning across and allow the audience to interpret the message. Some people may interpret the objects, colours and actions differently as it is down to an individuals perspective. Unhappy relationship Brown jumper: Dull/boring personality. Toys- Immature relationship “You humiliate me, in front of our friends” - Petty “I’d rather be with your friend mate, because they are much fitter” – Childish arguments