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Alexandr Byvaltsev, Svyatoslav Knyazev & Anatoly Anogenov
26 January 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 1 | Pages: 17574–17579
DOI: 10.11609/jo.5889.13.1.17574-17579
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17574
Editor: Alexander B. Ruchin, the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Republic of Mordovia, Russia. Date of publicaon: 26 January 2021 (online & print)
Citaon: Byvaltsev, A., S. Knyazev & A. Anogenov (2021). Is Bombus pomorum (Panzer, 1805) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) a new bumblebee for Siberia or an indigenous
species? Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(1): 17574–17579. hps://doi.org/10.11609/jo.5889.13.1.17574-17579
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Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Paul H. Williams (Natural History Museum, London) for English language eding and two anonymous reviewers for
valuable comments.
Is Bombus pomorum (Panzer, 1805) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
a new bumblebee for Siberia or an indigenous species?
Alexandr Byvaltsev 1 , Svyatoslav Knyazev 2 & Anatoly Anogenov 3
1 Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
2 Russian entomological society. Irtyshskaya Naberezhnaya 14, app. 16, Omsk 644042 Russia.
2 Altai State University, pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia.
3 Instute of Cytology and Genecs, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10,
Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
1 byvam@yandex.ru (corresponding author), 2 konungomsk@yandex.ru, 3 a9139421391@mail.ru
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17574–17579
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
#5889 | Received 23 March 2020 | Final received 16 November 2020 | Finally accepted 29 November 2020
hps://doi.org/10.11609/jo.5889.13.1.17574-17579
PLATINUM
OPEN ACCESS
The bumblebee fauna of Siberia has not been well
studied historically, but great progress has been made
in the last two decades (Konusova & Yanushkin 2000;
Byvaltsev 2008, 2013; Knyazev et al. 2010; Kupianskaya
et al. 2014; Byvaltsev et al. 2013, 2015, 2016). These
and other data are summarized in the Annotated
Catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia (Levchenko et
al. 2017). There are 55 species in Siberia, with 52 in each
of the western and eastern parts. There is informaon
about one species newly recorded for Western Siberia –
Bombus pomorum (Panzer, 1805) previously known only
from Europe, Anatolia, the Caucasus and the Ural region.
B. pomorum is one of three species of the
pomorum-group (formerly Rhodobombus) subgenus
Thoracobombus Dalla Torre, 1840 (Williams 1998). The
species can be disnguished from the other members
of the group by its predominately brightly red coloured
metasoma. There are some colour paerns of B.
mesomelas Gerstaecker, 1869, with red hair, although
in most cases the last tergum of B. pomorum has red
hairs, whereas it has black hairs in B. mesomelas. There
are three main colour paerns of B. pomorum females,
which have been regarded as a subspecies by some
authors (Özbek 2002; Rasmont et al. 2015b), but are
considered here to all be B. pomorum s. l.: thorax and
two rst metosomal terga black (nominave taxon in
Western and Central Europe, western Anatolia); thorax
and rst metasomal tergum yellow banded (B. uralensis
Morawitz, 1881 in the territory of European Russia to
Chelyabinsk); thorax and rst metasomal tergum with
the pale bands (B. pomorum var. canus Schmiedeknecht,
1883 in eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus region).
Males everywhere are usually paler than females, and
the variaon is not so disnct.
The previous known distribuon of B. pomorum
is from Denmark, southern Switzerland (58°N) (Løken
1973), and France (Rasmont et al. 1995), to Sverdlovsk
and Chelyabinsk regions in the east (Popov 1923), and
to Greece (Olympus) (Anagnostopoulos 2005), northern
Anatolia (Rasmont & Flagothier 1996), and Transcaucasia
(Skhirtladze 1981; Kirkitadze & Japoshvili 2015) in the
south. Only ve specimens were recorded from Britain
(Kent) between 1834 and 1864 (Jeers 2017). These
could be cases of rare migraon (Alford 1975) or they
NOTE
Bombus pomorum is a new bumblebee for Siberia Byvaltsev et al.
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17574–17579 17575
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could have arrived as queens hibernang in ower pots
transported from garden-plant nurseries (Williams et al.
2018). B. pomorum is a meadow species in the steppe
and forest–steppe zones and in the mountains, with a
broad range of feeding plants. Nests are underground,
frequently in small rodent holes (Skorikov 1923;
Efremova 1991).
Two specimens (a queen and a worker) of B.
pomorum were collected in the forest-steppe of the West
Siberian Plain by S. Knyazev and A. Anogenov in 2017
and 2019 respecvely. Label data: queen – Russia, Omsk
region, Gorkovsky District, Serebryanoe vill. [village] vic.
[vicinity], 55°43’0.29”N & 74°20’21.88”E [55.717°N &
74.339°E] , 03.vi.2017, S.A. Knyazev leg. [Knyazev private
collecon, Omsk, Russia]; worker – Russia, Novosibirsk
region, Agroles, 54.756°N & 83.146°E, owerbed with
Tagetes sp., 1– 10.ix.2019, A. Anogenov [Novosibirsk
State University, Novosibirsk, Russia – NSU].
The queen of B. pomorum was sent to A. Byvaltsev
by S. Knyazev with other bumblebees for determinaon
in the winter of 2018, but we decided not to publish
this informaon unl supported by rediscovery of more
specimens. A new worker was sent for determinaon
by A. Anogenov, so we now have no doubt about the
presence of this species in Western Siberia.
Figure 1. Distribuon of Bombus pomorum in Russia: yellow dots—literature data | blue—material examined | red—new records. There are
no detailed data for Ulyanovsk region, thus there are no dots on the map in this territory. The map was compiled using the online mapping
soware SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010).
Comparave material from Europe, the Caucasus,
and the Ural regions including several types of related
taxa, considered here to be part of B. pomorum s. l., were
examined in Zoological Instute RAS (St. Petersburg,
Russia – ZISP) by A. Byvaltsev: B. uralensis Morawitz,
1881 (replacement name for B. rufescens Eversmann,
1852), Fervidobombus oreas Skorikov, 1926, F. pomorum
avotestaceus Skorikov, 1926. Other members of
pomorum–group have also been studied – several
specimens of B. mesomelas from Spain and Italy and
numerous specimens of B. armeniacus Radoszkowski,
1877 from dierent parts of its range. The queen (Image
1a) agrees closely in colour paern with B. uralensis:
metasomal terga 2–6 reddish, thorax and rst segment
of metasoma yellow, head, legs, and the band on the
thorax between wings black. The worker specimen is
paler (Image 1b) but agrees well with some workers
from the European part of Russia in the ZISP collecon,
including having tergum sixth black.
The queen was collected on the high right bank of
the Irtysh river, on the southern slope of a clay cli with
steppe meadow, where the bee was in ight (Image
2). The worker was collected vising Tagetes sp. in the
Agroles selement near Novosibirsk.
B. pomorum is a new record for Siberia, and
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17574–17579
Bombus pomorum is a new bumblebee for Siberia Byvaltsev et al.
17576
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for the Omsk and Novosibirsk regions. Thus, the
bumblebee fauna of Siberia includes 56 species, with
53 species recorded for Western Siberia. B. wurenii
Radoszkowski, 1859 and B. lapidarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
were listed as “possible inhabitants” based on literature
records that are probably erroneous (Byvaltsev 2008)
and unconrmed for the present for this territory, so
they are not part of the fauna of Siberia. There are 39
species in the Novosibirsk region and 28 in the Omsk
region. Bombus hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758), B. lucorum
(Linnaeus, 1761), B. semenoviellus Skorikov, 1910 are
absent for the Omsk region in the catalogue (Levchenko
et al. 2017), but are well known to occur there (Knyazev
et al. 2010).
The new nds expand the range of B. pomorum
eastwards by approximately on 1,400km. Thus, the
distribuon of B. pomorum in Russia (Figure 1) includes
the following regions from specimens examined: Kursk,
Orel, Kaluga, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Ryazan, Nizhny
Novgorod, Penza, Orenburg, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan,
Perm, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, North Ossea, Karachay–
Cherkessia, Stavropol, Omsk, Novosibirsk; with addional
literature records – Kaliningrad (Alen, 1912), Moscow
(Panlov 1957; Levchenko 2012), Chuvashia (Sysolena
1967), Ulyanovsk, Samara (Efremova 1991), Belgorod
(Prisnyi 2005), Saratov (Anikin & Kondraev 2006),
Ivanovo (Tikhomirov 2007), Udmura (Adakhovskiy
2012), Kirov (Yuferev & Levchenko 2014), Crimea
(Rasmont et al. 2015a), Penza (Dobrolubova 2015),
and Bryansk (Goloshchapova & Prokoev 2016). The
map with distribuon in Europe and Western Asia was
published by Rasmont et al. (2015a).
B. pomorum was assessed as being vulnerable in
Europe using the IUCN Red List Criteria (Rasmont et
al. 2015b) because of a populaon decline, esmated
to be more than 30% over the last 10 years so that it is
Image 2. The locality where the queen specimen of Bombus pomorum was collected, descripon in the text (© S. Knyazev).
Image 1. Specimens of Bombus pomorum collected in Western Siberia: a—queen (© S. Knyazev) | b—worker (© A. Byvaltsev).
b
a
Bombus pomorum is a new bumblebee for Siberia Byvaltsev et al.
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17574–17579 17577
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considered to be facing a high risk of exncon in the
wild. The bee was in the Red Book of the USSR (Panlov
et al. 1984), but excluded from the main list of threatened
taxa of the Red Book of the Russian Federaon (2001)
and moved to the “Appendix 3” as a species in needs
of monitoring. Federal protecon is weak at present. In
many regions of Russia, B. pomorum is in the regional
Red Books – Kursk (Bausov 2002), Belgorod (Prisnyi
2005), Saratov (Anikin & Kondraev 2006), Ivanovo
(Tikhomirov 2007), Sverdlovsk (Olshvang 2008), Moscow
City (Berezin 2011), Ryazan (Ananieva & Nikolaeva 2011),
Tambov (Ganzha & Ishin 2012), Udmura (Adakhovskiy
2012), Nizhny Novgorod (Zryanin 2014), Kirov (Yuferev &
Levchenko 2014), Bryansk (Goloshchapova & Prokoev
2016), Chelyabinsk (Lagunov & Gorbunov 2017), and
Moscow (Levchenko 2018). In some regions, however,
this species is included only in the appendix as a species
in needs of monitoring – Orenburg (Belov 2019), Lipetsk
(Aleksandrov et al. 2014), Ulyanovsk (Artemieva et
al. 2015) or moved from the main list to the appendix
– Kaluga (Antokhina 2017), or completely excluded –
Rostov (Arzanov 2014), Tatarstan (Nazirov 2016). Reliable
data for a signicant decline in this species are available
only for the Moscow region (Panlov 1957; Berezin et al.
1996; Levchenko 2012, 2018). Based on the collecon
in the ZISP, B. pomorum was abundant in the beginning
of the 20th century in the Orel and Ryazan regions.
There are 995 among the 1,314 pinned specimens of B.
pomorum in the ZISP collected between 1910 and 1924
from the Orel region and 984 of these specimens are
from near the Mohovoe selement (53.05°N & 37.35°E),
257 specimens are from the Ryazan region collected
between 1899 and 1927, and most (248) are from near
the Gremyachka Village (53.48°N & 39.51°E ) collected
by Andrey Petrovich Semyonov–Tyan–Shansky. This
does not mean that the bee was rare in other regions,
but only that there were no regular observaons. It is
likely that B. pomorum, however, is not an abundant
species at present in many parts of its range, but special
studies are required.
There is a queson whether B. pomorum is a recent
invader of the forest–steppe of Western Siberia or
whether it has always lived there. There are several
examples of expansion of bumblebees to the west – B.
hypnorum (Goulson & Williams 2001; Prŷs-Jones 2019),
B. semenoviellus (Smissen & Rasmont 2000; Šima &
Smetana 2012), B. schrencki Morawitz, 1881 (Levchenko
2012). There is no doubt about these cases, because
there is a long history of bumblebee studies in Europe.
The rst comprehensive faunisc review of bumblebees
in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the West Siberian
Plain was done only at the end of the rst decade of the
current century (Byvaltsev 2008). For example, among
the species listed in that paper B. sylvarum Linnaeus,
1761 was recorded for the rst me for Siberia with the
easternmost observaon in the Kurgan region (55.11°N
& 66.95°E). Later the recorded range was extended to
54.10°N & 75.02°E in the Omsk region based on two
specimens collected in 1996 and 2008 (Byvaltsev 2010;
Knyazev et al. 2010). Aer the species was found in
Altai Territory in 2011 and in the Novosibirsk region in
2014, so the range was extended to 83°E (Levchenko
et al. 2017). Thus, it is possible that B. sylvarum is an
indigenous species for the south of Western Siberia
but was not discovered unl regular observaons were
made. Nevertheless, there is a chance that our study
coincided in me with a range expansion of this species
which was able to begin in the end of 20th century.
The second case is likely, because there are no
specimens of B. sylvarum from Western Siberia in the
collecons of the Instute of Systemacs and Ecology
of Animals SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia) and NSU. The
species was never collected previously in the Omsk region
by S. Knyazev, although his observaons in localies
of known records have been annual since 2005, so the
species must be very rare. There were no records of this
bee during regular studies in the Altai Territory between
2005 and 2008 (Byvaltsev 2013) or in Novosibrsk and
its environs between 2001 and 2006 (Byvaltsev 2009).
Although the increasing of percentage of specimens of
B. sylvarum during studies in 2011–2012 in the south of
the Omsk region has been documented (Byvaltsev et al.
2013). The rst record of this bee in Altai Territory was
in near the Klepechikha Village in 2011 (Levchenko et al.
2017), but the species was not collected there in either
2005 or 2008 (Byvaltsev 2013). B. sylvarum is regularly
seen near Novosibirsk since the rst record in 2014.
B. pomorum is not a commercially-reared bee
like B. terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758), and most probably
the observaon is not a result of delivery of goods
by people, as it has been for many pest species. The
spread eastwards of European species into Siberia is
documented for bueries (Knyazev & Kosterin 2003;
Knyazev et al. 2017, 2019). Thus, the discovery of B.
pomorum in Western Siberia looks more likely to be a
result of the natural expansion of this European and
West Asian species. Further research of this queson is
required, including the applicaon of modern molecular
techniques of populaon ecology for studying the
relaonship between populaons in Siberia and those
in Europe.
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 January 2021 | 13(1): 17574–17579
Bombus pomorum is a new bumblebee for Siberia Byvaltsev et al.
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Threatened Taxa
www.threatenedtaxa.org
The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaon globally by
publishing peer-reviewed arcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org.
All arcles published in JoTT are registered under Creave Commons Aribuon 4.0 Internaonal License
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Member
Threatened Taxa
Bhutan
– Bal Krishna Koirala, Karma Jamtsho, Phuntsho Wangdi, Dawa Tshering,
Rinchen Wangdi, Lam Norbu, Sonam Phuntsho, Sonam Lhendup & Tshering Nidup,
Pp. 17455–17469
– Naren Sreenivasan, Neethi Mahesh & Rajeev Raghavan, Pp. 17470–17476
– Sutanu Satpathy, Kuppusamy Sivakumar & Jeyaraj Antony Johnson, Pp. 17477–17486
– Dip Thakuria & Jan Kalita, Pp. 17487–17503
India
– Tashi Dorjee Bapu & Gibji Nimasow, Pp. 17504–17512
– Kamarul Hambali, Nor Fakhira Muhamad Fazli, Aainaa Amir, Norashikin Fauzi,
Nor Hizami Hassin, Muhamad Azahar Abas, Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Karim &
Ai Yin Sow, Pp. 17513–17516
– Naziya Khurshid, Hidayatulla Tak, Ruqeya Nazir, Kulsum Ahmad Bhat &
Muniza Manzoor, Pp. 17517–17520
– Jorge Rojas-Jiménez, Juan A. Morales-Acuña, Milena Argüello-Sáenz,
Silvia E. Acevedo-González, Michael J. Yabsley & Andrea Urbina-Villalobos, Pp. 17521–
17528
– H.H.S. Myo, K.V. Jayachandran & K.L. Khin, Pp. 17529–17536
– Milton Norman Medina, Alexander Anichtchenko & Jürgen Wiesner, Pp. 17537–
17542
– Kalesh Sadasivan, Manoj Sethumadavan, S. Jeevith & Baiju Kochunarayanan,
Pp. 17543–17547
– Kalesh Sadasivan & Muhamed Jafer Palot, Pp. 17548–17553
– C. Bagathsingh & A. Benniamin, Pp. 17554–17560
Notes
– Suraj Kumar Dash, Abhisek Cheri, Dipanjan Naha & Sambandam Sathyakumar,
Pp. 17561–17563
– Priyan Perera, Hirusha Randimal Algewaa & Buddhika Vidanage, Pp. 17564–17568
– Marcos Antônio Melo & David de Almeida Braga, Pp. 17569–17573
Is
– Alexandr Byvaltsev, Svyatoslav Knyazev & Anatoly Anogenov, Pp. 17574–17579
– Aparna Sureshchandra Kalawate, Banani Mukhopadhyay, Sonal Vithal Pawar &
Vighnesh Durgaram Shinde, Pp. 17580–17586
India
– Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Nehru Prabakaran, Vishnu Sreedharan Nair &
Chinnasamy Ramesh, Pp. 17587–17591
– Pema Zangpo, Phub Gyeltshen & Pankaj Kumar, Pp. 17592–17596
– M. Uma Maheshwari & K. Karthigeyan, Pp. 17597–17600
– H.U. Abhijit, Y.L. Krishnamurthy & K. Gopalakrishna Bhat, Pp. 17601–17603
– Mitesh B. Patel, Pp. 17604–17606
– N. Rajaprabu, P. Ponmurugan & Gaurav K. Mishra, Pp. 17607–17610
