Authorities extradited Maksym Shynkarenko from Thailand over the weekend.
Shynkarenko is charged in a 32-count indictment with child exploitation enterprise, advertising child pornography, transporting and shipping child pornography, and money laundering.
Prosecutors say Shynkarenko, two co-conspirators from the Ukraine and one from Russia advertised and operated numerous child porn websites and sold access to them to clients worldwide.
U.S. Attorney Paul Fishman says the investigation has led to more than 560 convictions throughout the U.S.
A message left for Shynkarenko's attorney, Assistant Public Defender Linda Foster, was not immediately returned.
He's scheduled for an initial appearance in federal court Monday.