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Results look promising and plaque markers can be used to develop imaging modalities to identify patients at risk, or to monitor treatment effect. Plaque biomarker studies do not challenge the definition of the vulnerable plaque, but use its concept in favor of prediction improvement for vascular patients.
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How do you identify vulnerable plaque?
Vulnerable features have been identified by various imaging modalities, which typically include lipid-laden plaque characteristics, a small lumen area, and a large plaque burden. However, in all studies, the primary endpoint was driven by unplanned revascularization and not by a hard endpoint.
What are the major criteria for vulnerable plaque?
Five major criteria for a vulnerable plaque have been identified: (1) the presence of a thin cap with large lipid core; (2) the presence of active inflammation (i.e., infiltration of macrophages); (3) endothelial denudation with superficial platelet aggregation (i.e., erosion); (4) a fissured plaque (mostly indicating ...
What is the difference between vulnerable and stable plaque?
The factors involved to promote either a vulnerable plaque or a stable plaque are not clear yet, however, the major differences between a vulnerable and stable plaque are that vulnerable plaques have a ''rich-lipid core'' and a ''thin fibrous cap'' in comparison with the ''thick fibrous cap'' and the ''poor lipid ...
How do you assess vulnerable plaque?
Vulnerable plaque assessment with angioscopy is based on plaque color. Normal coronary artery surface appears white, while yellow is associated with the presence of atheroma [88,89].
Many inflammatory biomarkers and enzymes have been suggested as potential biomarkers of vulnerable plaques; however, considerable confusion exists in the ...
The ATHEROREMO-IVUS study examines the role of genetic and biomarker factors in coronary plaque vulnerability using intravascular ultrasound.
Pregnancy associated plasma protein A, a potential marker for vulnerable plaque in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. · Medicine.
Aug 20, 2021 · In this review, we analyze some emerging circulating biomarkers related to inflammation, ECM and lipid infiltration, angiogenesis, ...
New functionalized nanoparticles that detect hallmarks of vulnerable plaques are promising for advance further control of this critical illness.
As most of the developed imaging modalities for vulnerable plaque detection are invasive, multiple biomarkers were proposed to identify their presence. Owing to ...
Mar 17, 2017 · Regarding vulnerable plaques, CTCA can reliably assess the presence, size, and thickness of the necrotic core, by grading tissue in Hounsfield ...
There is a strong need for biomarkers to identify patients at risk for future cardiovascular events related with progressive atherosclerotic disease.