The liquid crystalline material of the present invention comprises a compound represented by the following structural formula (1), compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (2), compounds represented by the structural formulas (1) and (3), or compounds represented by the structural formulas...http://www.google.se/patents/US6111632?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6111632 - Liquid crystalline material operable with low voltage and liquid crystal display panel using the same and liquid crystal display apparatus and manufacturing method of the apparatus