WO1994024539A1 - Apparatus for indicating wear - Google Patents

Apparatus for indicating wear Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994024539A1
WO1994024539A1 PCT/GB1994/000812 GB9400812W WO9424539A1 WO 1994024539 A1 WO1994024539 A1 WO 1994024539A1 GB 9400812 W GB9400812 W GB 9400812W WO 9424539 A1 WO9424539 A1 WO 9424539A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
wear
probe
indicator
cutter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1994/000812
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Graham Macdonald Clydesdale
Original Assignee
Db Stratabit Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Db Stratabit Limited filed Critical Db Stratabit Limited
Publication of WO1994024539A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994024539A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B12/00—Accessories for drilling tools
    • E21B12/02—Wear indicators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B7/287—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/58—Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
    • G01N2203/021—Treatment of the signal; Calibration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0605—Mechanical indicating, recording or sensing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to apparatus for indicating wear of on object and in particular, for indicating the wear of a cutter on a drill bit such as a drill bit used in the drilling of boreholes such as oil or gas wells.
  • IADC Fixed Cutter Grading System An international standard has been adopted for grading the amount of wear on cutters on drill bits used for drilling oil or gas wells.
  • the standard is known as the "IADC Fixed Cutter Grading System” and involves grading each cutter on a drill bit with a value from 0 to 8 to indicate the amount of wear of the cutter.
  • apparatus for indicating wear of an object comprises a reference probe, a measurement probe which may be moved relative to the reference probe, a sensor coupled to the measurement probe and an indicator coupled to the sensor, wherein the position of the measurement probe relative to the reference probe is indicative of the degree of wear of the object and the sensor detects the relative position and indicates the relative position to a user by means of the indicator.
  • the invention has the advantage of providing apparatus to indicate the wear of an object which mitigates the possibility of human error or variation in analysing wear.
  • the apparatus further includes a control system which receives the output from the sensor and which indicates the degree of wear on the indicator.
  • each measurement probe has a respective sensor and the outputs of each sensor are output to the control system.
  • control system could include a memory device to store the sensor outputs associated with a number of objects which have been measured for wear.
  • the indicator is a visual indicator which may indicate by alpha-numerical characters the amount of wear of the object. Where more than one measurement probe is provided, the indicator could indicate the output from the sensor associated with one measurement probe or could indicate the average of the outputs from the sensors.
  • the apparatus may be provided with a calibration means to permit the position of the measurement probe to be zeroed with respect to the reference probe.
  • the apparatus is for indicating wear of a cutter, such as a cutter for a drill bit.
  • the drill bit may be a drill bit for drilling boreholes, such as oil or gas wells.
  • the apparatus is for indicating wear of a cutter then typically, sufficient measurement probes are provided on the apparatus to extend across substantially all of the diameter of the face of the cutter.
  • the measurement probe may be in the form of a lever coupled to the sensor so that movement of the lever is detected by the sensor.
  • the measurement probe could comprise the moveable sections of the movement sensor.
  • the movement sensor comprises a solenoid on which is movably mounted a plunger and in this case the movably mounted plunger would form the measurement probe.
  • the sensor is a linear movement sensor which may comprise a solenoid and movement of the measurement probe relative to the solenoid provides the indication of movement of the measurement probe relative to the reference probe.
  • the reference probe is fixed with respect to the sensor.
  • the control system also has an output which permits measurements stored in the memory device of the control system to be output to a processor, such as a personal computer or other computing device, for analysing the results of the measurement.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic-block diagram of a first example of apparatus for indicating wear of a cutter on a drill bit
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of the portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2
  • Fig. 4 is a front view showing the first example of the apparatus in use
  • Fig. 5 is a side view showing the first example of the apparatus in use
  • Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a second example of apparatus for indicating wear of a cutter on a drill bit.
  • Fig. 1 shows apparatus for indicating the wear of a cutter on a drill bit.
  • the apparatus comprises five measurement probes la, lb, lc, Id, le which are each coupled to a sensor 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e by respective levers 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e.
  • Output signals from the sensors 2a-2e are output to a control system 5 indicated along output lines 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e.
  • the sensors 2a-2e are measurement sensors.
  • the control system 5 comprises a processor 6 to which the lines 4a-4e are coupled, a display device 7 controlled by the processor 6, a keypad 8 which permits an operator to enter information into the processor 6, and an output interface 9 which permits information to be output from the control system 5, for example to another processing unit such as a personal computer or other computing device.
  • a memory device 10 is also connected to the processor 6.
  • FIG. 1 A side view and front view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 excluding the control system 5 shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively.
  • the sensors 2a-2e are mounted on a support member 11 and the levers 3a-3e are also mounted on the support member 11 via an axle 12 and an end plate 13. Also mounted on the end plate 13 is a reference probe 14.
  • the sensors 2a-2e each comprise a housing in which a plunger 15a-15e is movably mounted. Slots 16a-16e are formed in the end plate 13 to permit vertical movement of the probes la- le. Movement of the probes la-le causes respective movement of the plungers 15a-15e which causes the sensors 2a-2e to send a respective signal to the control system 5.
  • the ends of the probe 14 and the probes la-le are held against a flat surface and the keypad 8 is used by an operator to calibrate the processor 6.
  • an operator can enter the diameter of the cutters to be measured into the processor 6 so that the processor 6 can correlate movement of the probes la-le relative to the diameter of the cutter.
  • an operator may use the device to measure the wear of a cutter 21 on a drill bit by placing the end of the probes la-le on the outer most edge 22 of the cutter 21 and abutting surface 17 of the reference probe 14 against face 20 of the cutter 21. This is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. If there is no wear on the cutter 21 (as shown in Figs. 4 and 5) then the probes la-le will have moved to give a maximum deflection with respect to the probe 14 when the end of the probe is at the bottom of the cutter face adjacent to the drill bit in which the cutter is mounted and from the degree of movement of the probes la-le, the processor 6 will indicate on the display device 7 that the cutter has zero wear. The individual movements of each probe la-le are stored in the memory 10.
  • the processor 6 will indicate on the display device 7 a number from 1 to 8 indicating indicative of the amount of wear of the cutter. Also the individual movements of each probe la-le will be recorded in the memory 10.
  • the information can later be down-loaded through the output interface 9 into, for example, a personal computer and all the values stored in the memory 10 can be analysed to give an indication of the overall status of the drill bit.
  • Fig. 6 shows a second example of apparatus 50 for indicating wear of a cutter on a drill bit.
  • the apparatus 50 comprises a housing 56 which includes a body portion 52 and a shaft portion 53 which has an end section 55. Protruding from the end section 55 is a reference probe 54 and five measurement probes 51a-51e.
  • the reference probe 55 and the measurement probes 51a- 51e perform a similar function and operate in a similar manner to the reference probe 14 and measurement probes la-le, respectively, described above and shown in Figs. 1 to 5.
  • the measurement probes 51a-51e are the ends of plungers for five solenoids (not shown) located within the housing 56.
  • the five solenoids are similar to the solenoids 2a-2e in the first example of the apparatus described above.
  • the distance of travel of the plungers which form the probes 51a-51e is greater than the distance of travel of the plungers 15a-15e in the first example. This permits the lever arrangement 3a-3e for the probes to be dispensed with and the ends of the plungers can be used as the probes 51a-51e, in this second example.
  • control system similar to the control system 5, is incorporated into the body section 52 of the housing 56 and the keypad 8 and display 7 may be located on the outside of the body section 52.
  • control system could be located in a separate unit coupled to the sensors within the housing 56 by means of a suitable cable.
  • the invention has the advantage that by using apparatus to measure the wear of cutters on a drill bit, the measurement of the wear is not subjected to human error or variation and the wear values produced should be uniform irrespective of the operator using the apparatus.

Abstract

Apparatus for indicating wear of an object is described. The apparatus includes a measurement probe (1) which may be moved relative to a reference probe (14). A sensor (2) is coupled to the measurement probe (1) and an indicator (7) is coupled to the sensor (2). The position of the measurement probe (1) relative to the reference probe (14) is indicative of the degree of wear of the object. The sensor (2) detects the relative position and indicates the relative position to a user by means of the indicator (7). The apparatus is particularly useful for indicating wear of a cutter (20) for a drill bit.

Description

"Apparatus for Indicating Wear"
The invention relates to apparatus for indicating wear of on object and in particular, for indicating the wear of a cutter on a drill bit such as a drill bit used in the drilling of boreholes such as oil or gas wells.
An international standard has been adopted for grading the amount of wear on cutters on drill bits used for drilling oil or gas wells. The standard is known as the "IADC Fixed Cutter Grading System" and involves grading each cutter on a drill bit with a value from 0 to 8 to indicate the amount of wear of the cutter.
One of the problems with implementing this system has been that evaluation of the wear of each cutter has been performed manually by personnel inspecting each cutter visually and allocating an appropriate value from 0 to 8 to each cutter. Such visual inspection has the disadvantage of being relatively imprecise and the particular grading allotted to any cutter may vary depending on the particular person inspecting the cutter.
In accordance with the present invention, apparatus for indicating wear of an object comprises a reference probe, a measurement probe which may be moved relative to the reference probe, a sensor coupled to the measurement probe and an indicator coupled to the sensor, wherein the position of the measurement probe relative to the reference probe is indicative of the degree of wear of the object and the sensor detects the relative position and indicates the relative position to a user by means of the indicator.
The invention has the advantage of providing apparatus to indicate the wear of an object which mitigates the possibility of human error or variation in analysing wear.
Preferably, the apparatus further includes a control system which receives the output from the sensor and which indicates the degree of wear on the indicator.
Preferably, a number of measurement probes are provided to give an indication of the wear of the object over more than a single region of the object. Typically, each measurement probe has a respective sensor and the outputs of each sensor are output to the control system.
Typically, the control system could include a memory device to store the sensor outputs associated with a number of objects which have been measured for wear.
Typically, the indicator is a visual indicator which may indicate by alpha-numerical characters the amount of wear of the object. Where more than one measurement probe is provided, the indicator could indicate the output from the sensor associated with one measurement probe or could indicate the average of the outputs from the sensors.
Typically, the apparatus may be provided with a calibration means to permit the position of the measurement probe to be zeroed with respect to the reference probe.
Preferably, the apparatus is for indicating wear of a cutter, such as a cutter for a drill bit. Typically, the drill bit may be a drill bit for drilling boreholes, such as oil or gas wells.
Where the apparatus is for indicating wear of a cutter then typically, sufficient measurement probes are provided on the apparatus to extend across substantially all of the diameter of the face of the cutter.
The measurement probe may be in the form of a lever coupled to the sensor so that movement of the lever is detected by the sensor. However, preferably, where the sensor is a movement sensor, the measurement probe could comprise the moveable sections of the movement sensor. Typically, the movement sensor comprises a solenoid on which is movably mounted a plunger and in this case the movably mounted plunger would form the measurement probe. Typically, the sensor is a linear movement sensor which may comprise a solenoid and movement of the measurement probe relative to the solenoid provides the indication of movement of the measurement probe relative to the reference probe. Typically, the reference probe is fixed with respect to the sensor. Preferably, the control system also has an output which permits measurements stored in the memory device of the control system to be output to a processor, such as a personal computer or other computing device, for analysing the results of the measurement.
Two examples of apparatus for indicating wear of an object, in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Fig. 1 is a schematic-block diagram of a first example of apparatus for indicating wear of a cutter on a drill bit; Fig. 2 is a side view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a front view of the portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a front view showing the first example of the apparatus in use; Fig. 5 is a side view showing the first example of the apparatus in use; and, Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a second example of apparatus for indicating wear of a cutter on a drill bit.
Fig. 1 shows apparatus for indicating the wear of a cutter on a drill bit. The apparatus comprises five measurement probes la, lb, lc, Id, le which are each coupled to a sensor 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e by respective levers 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e. Output signals from the sensors 2a-2e are output to a control system 5 indicated along output lines 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e. The sensors 2a-2e are measurement sensors.
The control system 5 comprises a processor 6 to which the lines 4a-4e are coupled, a display device 7 controlled by the processor 6, a keypad 8 which permits an operator to enter information into the processor 6, and an output interface 9 which permits information to be output from the control system 5, for example to another processing unit such as a personal computer or other computing device. A memory device 10 is also connected to the processor 6. A side view and front view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 excluding the control system 5 shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respectively. In Figs. 2 and 3 it can be seen that the sensors 2a-2e are mounted on a support member 11 and the levers 3a-3e are also mounted on the support member 11 via an axle 12 and an end plate 13. Also mounted on the end plate 13 is a reference probe 14. The sensors 2a-2e each comprise a housing in which a plunger 15a-15e is movably mounted. Slots 16a-16e are formed in the end plate 13 to permit vertical movement of the probes la- le. Movement of the probes la-le causes respective movement of the plungers 15a-15e which causes the sensors 2a-2e to send a respective signal to the control system 5.
In operation the ends of the probe 14 and the probes la-le are held against a flat surface and the keypad 8 is used by an operator to calibrate the processor 6. In addition, an operator can enter the diameter of the cutters to be measured into the processor 6 so that the processor 6 can correlate movement of the probes la-le relative to the diameter of the cutter.
After the apparatus has been calibrated, an operator may use the device to measure the wear of a cutter 21 on a drill bit by placing the end of the probes la-le on the outer most edge 22 of the cutter 21 and abutting surface 17 of the reference probe 14 against face 20 of the cutter 21. This is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. If there is no wear on the cutter 21 (as shown in Figs. 4 and 5) then the probes la-le will have moved to give a maximum deflection with respect to the probe 14 when the end of the probe is at the bottom of the cutter face adjacent to the drill bit in which the cutter is mounted and from the degree of movement of the probes la-le, the processor 6 will indicate on the display device 7 that the cutter has zero wear. The individual movements of each probe la-le are stored in the memory 10.
If the cutter being measured is worn then the probes la-le will not be deflected as far by the edge of the cutter and the processor 6 will indicate on the display device 7 a number from 1 to 8 indicating indicative of the amount of wear of the cutter. Also the individual movements of each probe la-le will be recorded in the memory 10.
By storing the deflection of the probes la-le for each cutter on a drill bit, the information can later be down-loaded through the output interface 9 into, for example, a personal computer and all the values stored in the memory 10 can be analysed to give an indication of the overall status of the drill bit.
Fig. 6 shows a second example of apparatus 50 for indicating wear of a cutter on a drill bit. The apparatus 50 comprises a housing 56 which includes a body portion 52 and a shaft portion 53 which has an end section 55. Protruding from the end section 55 is a reference probe 54 and five measurement probes 51a-51e. The reference probe 55 and the measurement probes 51a- 51e perform a similar function and operate in a similar manner to the reference probe 14 and measurement probes la-le, respectively, described above and shown in Figs. 1 to 5.
In the apparatus 50, the measurement probes 51a-51e are the ends of plungers for five solenoids (not shown) located within the housing 56. The five solenoids are similar to the solenoids 2a-2e in the first example of the apparatus described above. However, the distance of travel of the plungers which form the probes 51a-51e is greater than the distance of travel of the plungers 15a-15e in the first example. This permits the lever arrangement 3a-3e for the probes to be dispensed with and the ends of the plungers can be used as the probes 51a-51e, in this second example.
Typically, a control system similar to the control system 5, is incorporated into the body section 52 of the housing 56 and the keypad 8 and display 7 may be located on the outside of the body section 52.
Alternatively, the control system could be located in a separate unit coupled to the sensors within the housing 56 by means of a suitable cable.
Operation and use of the apparatus 50 is similar to that described above for the first example shown in Figs. 1 to 5.
The invention has the advantage that by using apparatus to measure the wear of cutters on a drill bit, the measurement of the wear is not subjected to human error or variation and the wear values produced should be uniform irrespective of the operator using the apparatus.
Modifications and improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Apparatus for indicating wear of an object comprises a reference probe, a measurement probe which may be moved relative to the reference probe, a sensor coupled to the measurement probe, and an indicator coupled to the sensor; wherein the position of the measurement probe relative to the reference probe is indicative of the degree of wear of the object, and the sensor detects the relative position and indicates the relative position to a user by means of the indicator.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, the apparatus further comprising a control system coupled to the sensor and the indicator, the control system receiving the output from the sensor and indicating the degree of wear on the indicator in response to the output received from the sensor.
3. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the indicator comprises a visual indicator.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the visual indicator comprises a display device.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the display device comprises an alpha-numeric display.
6. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus includes calibration means, the calibration means permitting calibration of the measurement probe relative to the reference probe.
7. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus indicates wear of a cutter for a drill bit.
8. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, the sensor comprising a movement sensor.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the movement sensor comprises a solenoid.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the measurement probe is provided by a moveable portion of the sensor, and the reference probe is fixed with respect to the sensor.
11. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, the apparatus including a number of measurement probes.
12. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the measurement probes extend in a linear array.
13. Apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus is for indicating wear of a cutter for a drill bit, and the length of the linear array is approximately equal to the diameter of the cutter.
14. Apparatus according to any of claims 11 to 13, wherein a sensor is provided for each measurement probe.
15. Apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the apparatus includes a control system as claimed in claim 2, and each sensor is coupled to the control system.
16. Apparatus according to claim 15, the control system including statistical analysing means to analyse the outputs received from the sensors, the control system indicating the result by means of the indicator.
PCT/GB1994/000812 1993-04-21 1994-04-18 Apparatus for indicating wear WO1994024539A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB939308194A GB9308194D0 (en) 1993-04-21 1993-04-21 Apparatus for indicating wear
GB9308194.1 1993-04-21

Publications (1)

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WO1994024539A1 true WO1994024539A1 (en) 1994-10-27

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6167833B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2001-01-02 Camco International Inc. Wear indicator for rotary drilling tools
US9222350B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2015-12-29 Diamond Innovations, Inc. Cutter tool insert having sensing device

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3987670A (en) * 1975-05-15 1976-10-26 General Electric Company Blade wear measuring system
US4017978A (en) * 1975-01-17 1977-04-19 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) Device for taking an impression and visualizing said impression
EP0336477A1 (en) * 1988-04-05 1989-10-11 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Method of determining drill bit wear
US5097423A (en) * 1988-10-20 1992-03-17 Martin Marietta Corporation Apparatus and method for use in inspecting a joint
US5146689A (en) * 1992-01-29 1992-09-15 Maromatic Company, Inc. Key reading method and apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4017978A (en) * 1975-01-17 1977-04-19 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) Device for taking an impression and visualizing said impression
US3987670A (en) * 1975-05-15 1976-10-26 General Electric Company Blade wear measuring system
EP0336477A1 (en) * 1988-04-05 1989-10-11 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Method of determining drill bit wear
US5097423A (en) * 1988-10-20 1992-03-17 Martin Marietta Corporation Apparatus and method for use in inspecting a joint
US5146689A (en) * 1992-01-29 1992-09-15 Maromatic Company, Inc. Key reading method and apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6167833B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2001-01-02 Camco International Inc. Wear indicator for rotary drilling tools
US9222350B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2015-12-29 Diamond Innovations, Inc. Cutter tool insert having sensing device

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