US3620457A - Cutting nozzle - Google Patents

Cutting nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3620457A
US3620457A US876946A US3620457DA US3620457A US 3620457 A US3620457 A US 3620457A US 876946 A US876946 A US 876946A US 3620457D A US3620457D A US 3620457DA US 3620457 A US3620457 A US 3620457A
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Prior art keywords
cutting nozzle
nozzle according
section
expanding
circular
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Expired - Lifetime
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US876946A
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Clive Leonard Pearson
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BP PLC
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BP PLC
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
    • E21C25/60—Slitting by jets of water or other liquid

Definitions

  • a cutting nozzle comprises a venturi terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions are such that:
  • the nozzle also comprises an inlet section of constant cross section.
  • the nozzle has a circular cross section in any plane perpendicular to the direction of projection and the centers of all said circles lie on a straight. line.
  • a cutting nozzle comprises a terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions each have the shape of the frustum of a right-circular cone having a semivertical angle of 7-l 1, preferably 830-930', the two frustums having the same axis and the same cross-sectional area at their intersection.
  • this preferred form of the nozzle conveniently includes an inlet section having the shape of a right-circular cylinder which has the same axis as the two frustums and which has the same area of cross section as the frustum with which it intersects at the intersection.
  • the length of the right circular cylinder is at least times its diameter.
  • the semivertical angles of the two cones differ by less than 5'.
  • the nozzle shown in the drawing comprises an inlet section 10 whose shape is that of a right-circular cylinder and a venturi terminal section 11.
  • the terminal section comprises a contracting portion 12 and an expanding portion 13 both of which have the shape of the frustum of a right circular cone.
  • the two frustums intersect and define a circular aperture 14.
  • the dimensions of the nozzle are:
  • the size of the aperture is important in determining the cutting properties of the jet. If the aperture is too large the cross section of the jet will also be too large with the result that the jet will gouge rather than cut. On the other hand if the aperture is too small it will unduly restrict the flow of water so that there will be insufficient flow for satisfactory cutting. We have found that apertures having a diameter of about 2.5 mm. are usually satisfactory.
  • the other dimensions of the nozzle can be determined from that of the aperture.
  • the diameter of the inlet section must be great enough to avoid undue friction losses and the length of the tapered sections is determined by:
  • the four nozzles were unevenly spaced around a circle and rotated so that each nozzle followed a circular path (i.e. around the annulus).
  • the nozzles were supplied with 360 kg./min. (i.e., 90 kg./min. for each nozzle) of water at a pressure of 600 atmospheres. ln l8 minutes the hole was cut 23 cm. into the schistose.
  • a cutting nozzle which comprises a venturi terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions are such that:
  • a cutting nozzle according to claim 1 which comprises an inlet section of constant cross section.
  • a cutting nozzle according to claim 1 which has a circular cross section in any plane perpendicular to the direction of projection and the centers of all said circles lie on a straight line.
  • a cutting nozzle which comprises a venturi terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions each have the shape of the frustum of a right-circular cone having a semivertical angle of 7] 1, the two frustums having the same axis and the same cross-sectional area at their intersection.
  • a cutting nozzle according to claim 4 in which the semivertical angle of each cone is 830'-930'.
  • a cutting nozzle according to claim 4 which includes an inlet section having the shape of a right-circular cylinder which has the same axis as the two frustums and which has the same area of cross section as the frustum with which it intersects at the intersection.
  • a cutting nozzle according to claim 4 in which the semivertical vertical angles of the two cones differ by less than 5'.
  • a cutting nozzle according to claim 1 in which:
  • the expanding and contracting portions intersect and define at their intersection a circular aperture having a diameter of about 2.5 mm.

Abstract

A venturi cutting nozzle whose angles of convergence and divergence are between 7* and 11*, preferably 8* 30'' and 9* 30''.

Description

United States Patent Inventor Appl. No. Filed Patented Assignee Priority CUTTING NOZZLE 9 Claims, 1 Drawing Fig.
US. Cl 239/589, 239/601 Int. Cl A01q 25/04 Field of Search 239/589,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,660,557 2/1928 Heimburger 239/589 X 1,730,099 10/1929 Tribbett 239/589 3,230,923 1/1966 Hughes 239/D1G. 20
OTHER REFERENCES NASA Tech Brief69- 10076, Mar. 1969, 239/601 Primary Examiner-M. Henson Wood, Jr. Assistant Examiner-Thomas C. Culp, Jr. Attorney-Morgan, Finnegan, Durham & Pine ABSTRACT: A venturi cutting nozzle whose angles of convergence and divergence are between 7 and 11, preferably 8 3 q 9" 3 CUTTING NOZZLE This invention relates to a nozzle and in particular to a cutting nozzle.
It is known to use jets of high-pressure water, e.g., water at pressures above 500 atmospheres to cut metal and hard rocks. lt is necessary to use a nozzle in order to project such a jet and in this specification the term "cutting nozzle will be used to denote a nozzle suitable for this purpose.
According to the invention a cutting nozzle comprises a venturi terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions are such that:
a. they create no unacceptable turbulence during use, and
b. the tangent plane at any point of the expanding or contracting portions makes an angle of 7-l 1 with the direction of projection.
In order to reduce turbulence it is desirable that the nozzle also comprises an inlet section of constant cross section.
Preferably the nozzle has a circular cross section in any plane perpendicular to the direction of projection and the centers of all said circles lie on a straight. line.
Thus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention a cutting nozzle comprises a terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions each have the shape of the frustum of a right-circular cone having a semivertical angle of 7-l 1, preferably 830-930', the two frustums having the same axis and the same cross-sectional area at their intersection.
In order to reduce turbulence this preferred form of the nozzle conveniently includes an inlet section having the shape of a right-circular cylinder which has the same axis as the two frustums and which has the same area of cross section as the frustum with which it intersects at the intersection. Preferably the length of the right circular cylinder is at least times its diameter.
Preferably the semivertical angles of the two cones differ by less than 5'.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a longitudinal cross section of a nozzle according to the invention.
The nozzle shown in the drawing comprises an inlet section 10 whose shape is that of a right-circular cylinder and a venturi terminal section 11.
The terminal section comprises a contracting portion 12 and an expanding portion 13 both of which have the shape of the frustum of a right circular cone. The two frustums intersect and define a circular aperture 14.
The dimensions of the nozzle are:
Inlet Section Length 63.4 mm. Diameter 6.8 mm. Length divided 9.3 by diameter Terminal Section semivertical angles 9 Length (portion II) 16.5 mm. (portion l3) l6.5 mm. Aperture Diameter 2.5 mm.
The size of the aperture is important in determining the cutting properties of the jet. If the aperture is too large the cross section of the jet will also be too large with the result that the jet will gouge rather than cut. On the other hand if the aperture is too small it will unduly restrict the flow of water so that there will be insufficient flow for satisfactory cutting. We have found that apertures having a diameter of about 2.5 mm. are usually satisfactory.
The other dimensions of the nozzle can be determined from that of the aperture. For example the diameter of the inlet section must be great enough to avoid undue friction losses and the length of the tapered sections is determined by:
a. The difference in size between the aperture and the inlet tube, and
b. The specified rate of taper. The sharper the edge at the place where the two conical portions meet (consistent with maintaining the specified rate of taper) the better will be the performance of the nozzle.
Four nozzles as shown in the drawing were used to make an annular hole cm. external diameter and 65 cm. internal diameter) in the sea bed at a place where the underlying stratum was schistose (which is a hard rock).
The four nozzles were unevenly spaced around a circle and rotated so that each nozzle followed a circular path (i.e. around the annulus). The nozzles were supplied with 360 kg./min. (i.e., 90 kg./min. for each nozzle) of water at a pressure of 600 atmospheres. ln l8 minutes the hole was cut 23 cm. into the schistose.
liclaim:
l A cutting nozzle which comprises a venturi terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions are such that:
a. they create no unacceptable turbulence during use, and
b. the tangent plane at any point of the expanding or contracting portions makes an angle of 7-l 1 with the direction of projection.
2. A cutting nozzle according to claim 1, which comprises an inlet section of constant cross section.
3. A cutting nozzle according to claim 1, which has a circular cross section in any plane perpendicular to the direction of projection and the centers of all said circles lie on a straight line.
4. A cutting nozzle which comprises a venturi terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions each have the shape of the frustum of a right-circular cone having a semivertical angle of 7] 1, the two frustums having the same axis and the same cross-sectional area at their intersection.
5. A cutting nozzle according to claim 4, in which the semivertical angle of each cone is 830'-930'.
6. A cutting nozzle according to claim 4, which includes an inlet section having the shape of a right-circular cylinder which has the same axis as the two frustums and which has the same area of cross section as the frustum with which it intersects at the intersection.
7. A cutting nozzle according to claim 6, in which the length of the right-circular cylinder is at least five times its diameter.
8. A cutting nozzle according to claim 4, in which the semivertical vertical angles of the two cones differ by less than 5'.
9. A cutting nozzle according to claim 1, in which:
0. the expanding and contracting portions intersect and define at their intersection a circular aperture having a diameter of about 2.5 mm.

Claims (9)

1. A cutting nozzle which comprises a venturi terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions are such that: a. they create no unacceptable turbulence during use, and b. the tangent plane at any point of the expanding or contracting portions makes an angle of 7* -11* with the direction of projection.
2. A cutting nozzle according to claim 1, which comprises an inlet section of constant cross section.
3. A cutting nozzle according to claim 1, which has a circular cross section in any plane perpendicular to the direction of projection and the centers of all said circles lie on a straight line.
4. A cutting nozzle which comprises a venturi terminal section whose expanding and contracting portions each have the shape of the frustum of a right-circular cone having a semivertical angle of 7* -11*, the two frustums having the same axis and the same cross-sectional area at their intersection.
5. A cutting nozzle according to claim 4, in which the semivertical angle of each cone is 8*30'' -9*30''.
6. A cutting nozzle according to claim 4, which includes an inlet section having the shape of a right-circular cylinder which has the same axis as the two frustums and which has the same area of cross section as the frustum with which it intersects at the intersection.
7. A cutting nozzle according to claim 6, in which the length of the right-circular cylinder is at least five times its diameter.
8. A cutting nozzle according to claim 4, in which the semivertical vertical angles of the two cones differ by less than 5''.
9. A cutting nozzle according to claim 1, in which: c. the expanding and contracting portions intersect and define at their intersection a circular aperture having a diameter of about 2.5 mm.
US876946A 1968-12-03 1969-11-14 Cutting nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3620457A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB57250/68A GB1279399A (en) 1968-12-03 1968-12-03 Nozzle

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3905553A (en) * 1973-08-03 1975-09-16 Sun Oil Co Delaware Mist injection method and system
US4026474A (en) * 1976-01-22 1977-05-31 Western Electric Company, Inc. Venturi nozzle for air guns
US4111261A (en) * 1977-03-14 1978-09-05 Halliburton Company Wellhead isolation tool
EP0207576A1 (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-01-07 T.A.B. Advies en Konstruktieburo B.V. Apparatus for determining the positioning and measuring the depth, on which a construction or object is positioned in the ground
US4798339A (en) * 1984-02-13 1989-01-17 Sugino Machine Limited Submerged jet injection nozzle
US5117912A (en) * 1991-05-24 1992-06-02 Marathon Oil Company Method of positioning tubing within a horizontal well
US5407136A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-04-18 Iris Graphics, Inc. Ink-jet nozzle
US5782414A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-07-21 Nathenson; Richard D. Contoured supersonic nozzle
US6105885A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-08-22 Advanced Energy Systems, Inc. Fluid nozzle system and method in an emitted energy system for photolithography
US6336708B1 (en) 1992-09-18 2002-01-08 Iris Graphics, Inc. Ink jet nozzle
US20020088881A1 (en) * 2001-01-04 2002-07-11 Jaubertie Yvon George Jean Pierre Nozzle intended for the concentrated distribution of a fluid loaded with solid particles, particularly with a view to the fine, accurate and controlled scouring of surfaces
US20080201973A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-28 Snecma Alignment control for a water-jet cutting system
DE102008057959A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Nozzle for autogenous flame-cutting a metallic workpiece, comprises an oxygen channel, which is flowed through from an entrance side to an exit side in a flow direction and has several sections in the flow direction, and a flame slot
US20100270402A1 (en) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Turbulence control assembly for high pressure cleaning machine
US20100282866A1 (en) * 2009-05-06 2010-11-11 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Chemical injector for spray device
US20130185966A1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2013-07-25 Steven Merrill Harrington Pulsed Supersonic Jet with Local High Speed Valve
US8590814B2 (en) 2010-06-28 2013-11-26 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Nozzle for a pressure washer
US8769848B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2014-07-08 Steve Harrington Pneumatic excavation system and method of use
US8800177B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2014-08-12 Steve Harrington Pneumatic excavation system and method of use

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1174230B (en) * 1984-07-03 1987-07-01 Fip Ind APPARATUS, SUITABLE FOR CARRYING OUT THE SCARIFICATION OF CONCRETE LAYERS, BY MEANS OF WATER JETS
DE4225439C2 (en) * 1992-07-31 1996-08-01 Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh Drilling device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1660557A (en) * 1927-04-11 1928-02-28 Marquette Mfg Co Nozzle
US1730099A (en) * 1926-03-23 1929-10-01 Tribbett George Carburetor spray nozzle
US3230923A (en) * 1962-11-21 1966-01-25 Sonic Dev Corp Sonic pressure wave generator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1730099A (en) * 1926-03-23 1929-10-01 Tribbett George Carburetor spray nozzle
US1660557A (en) * 1927-04-11 1928-02-28 Marquette Mfg Co Nozzle
US3230923A (en) * 1962-11-21 1966-01-25 Sonic Dev Corp Sonic pressure wave generator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NASA Tech Brief 69 10076, Mar. 1969, 239/601 *

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3905553A (en) * 1973-08-03 1975-09-16 Sun Oil Co Delaware Mist injection method and system
US4026474A (en) * 1976-01-22 1977-05-31 Western Electric Company, Inc. Venturi nozzle for air guns
US4111261A (en) * 1977-03-14 1978-09-05 Halliburton Company Wellhead isolation tool
US4798339A (en) * 1984-02-13 1989-01-17 Sugino Machine Limited Submerged jet injection nozzle
EP0207576A1 (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-01-07 T.A.B. Advies en Konstruktieburo B.V. Apparatus for determining the positioning and measuring the depth, on which a construction or object is positioned in the ground
US5117912A (en) * 1991-05-24 1992-06-02 Marathon Oil Company Method of positioning tubing within a horizontal well
US5407136A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-04-18 Iris Graphics, Inc. Ink-jet nozzle
US6336708B1 (en) 1992-09-18 2002-01-08 Iris Graphics, Inc. Ink jet nozzle
US5782414A (en) * 1995-06-26 1998-07-21 Nathenson; Richard D. Contoured supersonic nozzle
US6437349B1 (en) 1998-04-03 2002-08-20 Advanced Energy Systems, Inc. Fluid nozzle system and method in an emitted energy system for photolithography
US6105885A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-08-22 Advanced Energy Systems, Inc. Fluid nozzle system and method in an emitted energy system for photolithography
US6726130B2 (en) * 2001-01-04 2004-04-27 Workinter Limited Nozzle intended for the concentrated distribution of a fluid loaded with solid particles, particularly with a view to the fine, accurate and controlled scouring of surfaces
US20020088881A1 (en) * 2001-01-04 2002-07-11 Jaubertie Yvon George Jean Pierre Nozzle intended for the concentrated distribution of a fluid loaded with solid particles, particularly with a view to the fine, accurate and controlled scouring of surfaces
US20080201973A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-28 Snecma Alignment control for a water-jet cutting system
US7584546B2 (en) * 2007-02-28 2009-09-08 Snecma Alignment control for a water-jet cutting system
DE102008057959A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Nozzle for autogenous flame-cutting a metallic workpiece, comprises an oxygen channel, which is flowed through from an entrance side to an exit side in a flow direction and has several sections in the flow direction, and a flame slot
US20100270402A1 (en) * 2009-04-23 2010-10-28 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Turbulence control assembly for high pressure cleaning machine
US8500046B2 (en) * 2009-04-23 2013-08-06 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Turbulence control assembly for high pressure cleaning machine
US20100282866A1 (en) * 2009-05-06 2010-11-11 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Chemical injector for spray device
US20130185966A1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2013-07-25 Steven Merrill Harrington Pulsed Supersonic Jet with Local High Speed Valve
US8590814B2 (en) 2010-06-28 2013-11-26 Briggs & Stratton Corporation Nozzle for a pressure washer
US8769848B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2014-07-08 Steve Harrington Pneumatic excavation system and method of use
US8800177B2 (en) 2011-04-26 2014-08-12 Steve Harrington Pneumatic excavation system and method of use
US8991078B1 (en) 2011-04-26 2015-03-31 Steve Harrington Pneumatic excavation system and method of use

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GB1279399A (en) 1972-06-28
DE1959736A1 (en) 1970-11-19

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