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| US4504955 | 13 aug 1982 | 12 mar 1985 | AT&T Bell Laboratories | Low voltage operation of arc discharge devices |
| US4978893 | 27 sep 1988 | 18 dec 1990 | The United States of American as epresented by the United States the Department of Energy | Laser-triggered vacuum switch |
| US5233143 | 6 nov 1991 | 3 aug 1993 | The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy | High-power gas switch with hydride electrodes |