US3367326A - Intra spinal fixation rod - Google Patents
Intra spinal fixation rod Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3367326A US3367326A US464139A US46413965A US3367326A US 3367326 A US3367326 A US 3367326A US 464139 A US464139 A US 464139A US 46413965 A US46413965 A US 46413965A US 3367326 A US3367326 A US 3367326A
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- Prior art keywords
- rod
- spine
- drill
- tip
- spinal fixation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7019—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
- A61B17/7026—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a part that is flexible due to its form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to bone surgery, and pertains more particularly to a means for and method of positioning and supporting a spine.
- the present invention is directed toward the positioning and stabilizing of a human spine.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an improved intra-medullary spinal fixation rod for inserting through the centrum of each of a plurality of adjacent vertabrael processes of a human spine.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an elongated, tapered rod with a drill tip thereon, the rod and drill tip being of a metal which will be tolerated by, and stable within, a human body, the rod and drill tip being formed for drilling into and through a plurality of successive spinal vertabrae to support, stabilize and the spine in which such vertebrae are located.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an improved method for positioning and stabilizing a plurality of adjacent spinal vertebrae by inserting through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of such vertebrae a metal rod, and then, if the rod is to remain therein, severing the rod at a point below the spine which will be Within the body upon healing.
- a further object of the invention is to provide an improved method for positioning and stabilizing a human spine which comprises inserting a stabilizing rod through a plurality of successive vertebrae of such spine while observing by radiograph the forward tip of the rod as it proceeds along its course.
- FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic, perspective view showing the insertion of an intra-medullary spinal fixation rod in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged, side elevational view of a preferred form of spinal fixation rod embodying the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a similar view in reduced scale of a curved spinal fixation rod which can be employed where a slight curvature is desired.
- FIG. 4 is a somewhat diagrammatic, side elevational view of a spinal column with the skull and a portion of the rib cage attached, the broken line showing the location of a spinal fixation rod inserted in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a thoracic vertebra with the target location of the rod in the centrum indicated by the dotted line circle.
- an intramedullary spinal fixation rod or pin 10 preferably is tapered as shown in FIG. 2 with the leading end thereof in the form of a drill tip 11.
- the rear or driving end of the rod 10 is adapted to be chucked in a suitable drill, such as that A shown in FIG. 1.
- the rod 10 preferably is inserted in the peri-anal region or through the colon and thence onto the lower end of the spine 12 (FIG. 4) by drilling through the sacrum.
- the rent in the colon can be repaired after the rod has been driven through it.
- the rod 10 is guided to course upwardly through the centrum of each successive vertebra until a desired penetration has been achieved.
- the lower end of the rod 12 may then be severed, and the portion which has penetrated the spine remains in position therein.
- the progress of the leading end thereof preferably is followed by radiograph observations.
- a presently preferred spinal fixation rod 10 (FIG. 2) is of suitable metal, which is relatively inert, and which will be well tolerated within the body, for example, a metal of the type used in the making of an intramedullary rod or nail of the type used for pinning broken bones, such as a bone of the leg or arm.
- the rod 10 is gradually tapered from the rear or driving end 13 toward the forward or leading tip end 11, since the vertebral bodies 12a, forwardly of the spinal cord 14 (FIG. 5), through which the rod 10 is inserted are of smaller size toward the upper end of the spine than they are toward the lower end thereof.
- the rear or driving end 13 of the rod 10 is adapted to be chucked in the chuck 15 of a suitable drill, such as the usual half-inch electric drill A (FIG. 1) having a conventional AC-DC motor and employing a well known type of electronic speed control mechanism (not shown) employing a silicon rectifier to change AC line current to half-wave DC and a potentiometer, and employing a feed-back circuit to provide adequate torque at low speeds.
- a suitable drill such as the usual half-inch electric drill A (FIG. 1) having a conventional AC-DC motor and employing a well known type of electronic speed control mechanism (not shown) employing a silicon rectifier to change AC line current to half-wave DC and a potentiometer, and employing a feed-back circuit to provide adequate torque at low speeds.
- the forward tip portion 11 of the tapered rod 10 is in the form of a drill, the specific type of drill not being a feature of the present invention provided it is suitable for drilling through bone.
- Most of the path of the drill is in comparatively soft, inner bone structure and cartilage, although at the zone of entry into the sacrum it is, of course, harder.
- the rod 10 it is not always necessary that the rod 10 be stiff, and it may be desirable in some instances that it be quite bendable either in part or throughout its entire length. It is obvious from FIG. 4 that in order to insert the rod 10 into the spinal processes of the upper thoracic region, and thence, if necessary, on into those of the cervical region, a bending of the rod 10 will be essential. Such bending can be accomplished, for example, by empioying a slightly bendable rod with a slightly offset tip thereon and drilling to the maximum distance wherein the spine can be manipulated into a sufiiciently straight position to permit such drilling.
- the rod From this point on the rod can be driven, the rod being turned to direct the offset tip toward either the front or back as required, by rotatively moving the rod through an angle of Such positioning of the offset tip will cause a deflection of the tip along a desired path, the rod being sufliciently flexible to permit it to follow such gradually deflected path.
- Another means for inserting the rod along a curved path is to employ a flexible rod with a drill tip on the leading end thereof oflset to one side slightly so as to cause the drill tip to drift in the direction in which the tip is offset when the rod is oscillated, and to follow a straight course when the rod is rotated.
- a presently preferred method for inserting the rod 10 into a spine 12 is as follows:
- the drill tip 11 is introduced in the peri-anal region, or through the colon.
- the progress of the tip 11 of the rod 10 is observed at required intervals throughout the insertion procedure by radiograph observation, preferably employing two X-ray machines 20 and 21 with their ray axes directed toward a desired point along the spine, and offset from each other through a selected transverse angle, preferably of approximately 90 as shown in FIG. 1.
- the rod 10 is directed so that it passes through the sacrum and enters the centrum of the spinal process of the lowermost lumbar vertebra. Thence it is directed along a course through the centrum of each successive vertebra until a desired penetration has been attained, for example, when the zone of the spine which it is desired to straighten or stabilize has the rod inserted therein.
- the rod 10 is then released from the drill chuck 15, and is cut off as by means of a bolt cutter (not shown) at a desired point, preferably a point which will be within the body after healing if the rod is to remain in place permanently. If the rod is to be removed after a spinal healing process has occurred, the rod is allowed to project so that it can be manipulated as required for its withdrawal.
- rod 10 If it is necessary to advance to rod 10 to a point in the spine which cannot be reached with a straight rod, a rod of suitable flexibility is employed, and is guided in its course from one vertebra to the next as required and as set forth previously herein. Also, in some cases, it might be desirable to insert a pro-formed rod such as that 10a shown in FIG. 3.
- the invention provides a means and method for straightening and strengthening malformed, injured, diseased and weakened spines whereby it is possible to restore to almost normal condition and use, many persons who at present are suffering from such spinal conditions.
- the method of supporting a malformed, injured or diseased spine which comprises introducing into the analperi-anal region of a person whose spine is to be supported the tip of an elongated rod of material which will be tolerated within such spine, and thence inserting the rod through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of such spine.
- the method of supporting a malformed, injured or diseased spine which comprises introducing into the analperi-anal region of one Whose spine is to be supported the rotating drill tip of an elongated rod of small diameter, and of a material which will be tolerated within such spine, and thence inserting the rod in such spine by drilling with the drill tip of the rod through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of such spine.
- the method of supporting a malformed, injured or diseased spine which comprises introducing a rotary drill into the anal-peri-anal region of one whose spine is to be supported, of drilling into and through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of such spine, and of inserting into the holes thus drilled a small diameter rod of a material will be tolerated within such spine.
- An intrarnedullary spinal fixation rod comprising an elongated rod of round cross sectional shape and of a material which will be tolerated with a human spine, means for mounting one end of the rod in power driven chuck means for controlled rotation of the rod about its axis, the other end of the rod being in the form of a drill suitable for drilling in bone, the rod being tapered from said one end toward said drill end, and of a length for introduction at a selected zone of the anal and peri-anal region and insertion by drilling thence through the sacrum and the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of a human spine, one or more of which vertebrae is to be positioned and supported by the rod.
- An intramedullary spinal fixation rod comprising an elongated rod of round cross sectional shape and of a material which will be tolerated with a human spine, power driven means operatively engaging the rod for controlled rotative movement of the rod about its axis, the leading end of the rod being in the form of a drill suitable for drilling in bone, the rod being tapered toward said drill end, and of a length for introduction at a selected zone of the anal and peri-anal region and insertion by drilling thence into and through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of a human spine, one or more of which vertebrae is to be positioned and supported by the rod.
Description
F 1968 c. H. FRAZER 3,367,326
INTRA SPINAL FIXATION ROD Filed June 15, 1965 INVENTOR.
CAL V/N H. FRAZ/E/i ZFJG. J). BY
,4 1- T0 ENE vs.
Unite States Pate 3,3573% Patented Feb. 6, 1968 3,367,326 INTRA SPINAL FIXATIQN ROD Calvin H. Frazier, 650 Rambler Road, Merced, Calif. 95340 Filed June 15, 1965, Ser. No. 464,139 8 Claims. (Cl. 12892) ABSTRACT OF THE DESCLQSURE An improved tapered intra-medullary spinal fixation rod having a drill tip at the tapered end and the method of using the rod to support a human spine by drilling the rod through successive vertebrae.
The present invention relates to bone surgery, and pertains more particularly to a means for and method of positioning and supporting a spine.
In the case of a malformed spine, or one weakened by injury or disease, it frequently would be of inestimable value if the spine could be brought toward its normal or correct shape and maintained in that position. It is common practice in some bone breaks, for example, the neck of the femur, to insert a metal pin lengthwise through the two parts of the bone to secure them in properly set position. Prior attempts have been made to stabilize the spine by metal pins and plates embedded alongside the spine, and by various orthopedic harnesses strapped onto the body, but to date no known prior means or method has provided satisfactory, and if necessary permanent, positioning and stabilization for a malformed, weak or injured spine.
The present invention is directed toward the positioning and stabilizing of a human spine.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved intra-medullary spinal fixation rod for inserting through the centrum of each of a plurality of adjacent vertabrael processes of a human spine.
A further object of the invention is to provide an elongated, tapered rod with a drill tip thereon, the rod and drill tip being of a metal which will be tolerated by, and stable within, a human body, the rod and drill tip being formed for drilling into and through a plurality of successive spinal vertabrae to support, stabilize and the spine in which such vertebrae are located.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method for positioning and stabilizing a plurality of adjacent spinal vertebrae by inserting through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of such vertebrae a metal rod, and then, if the rod is to remain therein, severing the rod at a point below the spine which will be Within the body upon healing.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method for positioning and stabilizing a human spine which comprises inserting a stabilizing rod through a plurality of successive vertebrae of such spine while observing by radiograph the forward tip of the rod as it proceeds along its course.
The foregoing objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic, perspective view showing the insertion of an intra-medullary spinal fixation rod in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, side elevational view of a preferred form of spinal fixation rod embodying the invention.
FIG. 3 is a similar view in reduced scale of a curved spinal fixation rod which can be employed where a slight curvature is desired.
FIG. 4 is a somewhat diagrammatic, side elevational view of a spinal column with the skull and a portion of the rib cage attached, the broken line showing the location of a spinal fixation rod inserted in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a thoracic vertebra with the target location of the rod in the centrum indicated by the dotted line circle.
Briefly, in the illustrative form of the present invention, an intramedullary spinal fixation rod or pin 10 preferably is tapered as shown in FIG. 2 with the leading end thereof in the form of a drill tip 11. The rear or driving end of the rod 10 is adapted to be chucked in a suitable drill, such as that A shown in FIG. 1.
The rod 10 preferably is inserted in the peri-anal region or through the colon and thence onto the lower end of the spine 12 (FIG. 4) by drilling through the sacrum. The rent in the colon can be repaired after the rod has been driven through it. The rod 10 is guided to course upwardly through the centrum of each successive vertebra until a desired penetration has been achieved. The lower end of the rod 12 may then be severed, and the portion which has penetrated the spine remains in position therein. During the insertion of the rod 10, the progress of the leading end thereof preferably is followed by radiograph observations.
Referring to the drawings in greater detail, a presently preferred spinal fixation rod 10 (FIG. 2) is of suitable metal, which is relatively inert, and which will be well tolerated within the body, for example, a metal of the type used in the making of an intramedullary rod or nail of the type used for pinning broken bones, such as a bone of the leg or arm. The rod 10 is gradually tapered from the rear or driving end 13 toward the forward or leading tip end 11, since the vertebral bodies 12a, forwardly of the spinal cord 14 (FIG. 5), through which the rod 10 is inserted are of smaller size toward the upper end of the spine than they are toward the lower end thereof.
The rear or driving end 13 of the rod 10 is adapted to be chucked in the chuck 15 of a suitable drill, such as the usual half-inch electric drill A (FIG. 1) having a conventional AC-DC motor and employing a well known type of electronic speed control mechanism (not shown) employing a silicon rectifier to change AC line current to half-wave DC and a potentiometer, and employing a feed-back circuit to provide adequate torque at low speeds.
The forward tip portion 11 of the tapered rod 10 is in the form of a drill, the specific type of drill not being a feature of the present invention provided it is suitable for drilling through bone. Most of the path of the drill, as is obvious from the dotted line 17 indicating such path in FIG. 4, is in comparatively soft, inner bone structure and cartilage, although at the zone of entry into the sacrum it is, of course, harder.
It is not always necessary that the rod 10 be stiff, and it may be desirable in some instances that it be quite bendable either in part or throughout its entire length. It is obvious from FIG. 4 that in order to insert the rod 10 into the spinal processes of the upper thoracic region, and thence, if necessary, on into those of the cervical region, a bending of the rod 10 will be essential. Such bending can be accomplished, for example, by empioying a slightly bendable rod with a slightly offset tip thereon and drilling to the maximum distance wherein the spine can be manipulated into a sufiiciently straight position to permit such drilling. From this point on the rod can be driven, the rod being turned to direct the offset tip toward either the front or back as required, by rotatively moving the rod through an angle of Such positioning of the offset tip will cause a deflection of the tip along a desired path, the rod being sufliciently flexible to permit it to follow such gradually deflected path. Another means for inserting the rod along a curved path is to employ a flexible rod with a drill tip on the leading end thereof oflset to one side slightly so as to cause the drill tip to drift in the direction in which the tip is offset when the rod is oscillated, and to follow a straight course when the rod is rotated.
Some changes in the alignment of successive vertebrae, at least those of the lumbar region is usually possible by manipulation of the body of the subject as the drill advances from one vertebra to the next, thereby to maintain the drill tip on its desired course. The requirement for a more or less flexible rod, and a curving or drifting course for the tip 11 becomes necessary only in cases of an uncorrectable curvature, or for advancement of the rod into the upper portions of the spine, where the presence of the rib cage restricts such manipulation.
A presently preferred method for inserting the rod 10 into a spine 12 is as follows:
The drill tip 11 is introduced in the peri-anal region, or through the colon. The progress of the tip 11 of the rod 10 is observed at required intervals throughout the insertion procedure by radiograph observation, preferably employing two X-ray machines 20 and 21 with their ray axes directed toward a desired point along the spine, and offset from each other through a selected transverse angle, preferably of approximately 90 as shown in FIG. 1.
The rod 10 is directed so that it passes through the sacrum and enters the centrum of the spinal process of the lowermost lumbar vertebra. Thence it is directed along a course through the centrum of each successive vertebra until a desired penetration has been attained, for example, when the zone of the spine which it is desired to straighten or stabilize has the rod inserted therein. The rod 10 is then released from the drill chuck 15, and is cut off as by means of a bolt cutter (not shown) at a desired point, preferably a point which will be within the body after healing if the rod is to remain in place permanently. If the rod is to be removed after a spinal healing process has occurred, the rod is allowed to project so that it can be manipulated as required for its withdrawal.
If it is necessary to advance to rod 10 to a point in the spine which cannot be reached with a straight rod, a rod of suitable flexibility is employed, and is guided in its course from one vertebra to the next as required and as set forth previously herein. Also, in some cases, it might be desirable to insert a pro-formed rod such as that 10a shown in FIG. 3.
The invention provides a means and method for straightening and strengthening malformed, injured, diseased and weakened spines whereby it is possible to restore to almost normal condition and use, many persons who at present are suffering from such spinal conditions.
While I have illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood, however, that various changes and modifications may be made in the details thereof without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is defined in the following claims:
1. The method of supporting a malformed, injured or diseased spine which comprises introducing into the analperi-anal region of a person whose spine is to be supported the tip of an elongated rod of material which will be tolerated within such spine, and thence inserting the rod through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of such spine.
2. The method of supporting a malformed, injured or diseased spine which comprises introducing into the analperi-anal region of one Whose spine is to be supported the rotating drill tip of an elongated rod of small diameter, and of a material which will be tolerated within such spine, and thence inserting the rod in such spine by drilling with the drill tip of the rod through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of such spine.
3. The method of supporting a malformed, injured or diseased spine which comprises introducing a rotary drill into the anal-peri-anal region of one whose spine is to be supported, of drilling into and through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of such spine, and of inserting into the holes thus drilled a small diameter rod of a material will be tolerated within such spine.
4. The method set forth in claim 3 wherein after insertion of the rod in the holes, the rod is severed below its point of entry into the lowermost vertebra at which it enters such spine.
5. An intrarnedullary spinal fixation rod comprising an elongated rod of round cross sectional shape and of a material which will be tolerated with a human spine, means for mounting one end of the rod in power driven chuck means for controlled rotation of the rod about its axis, the other end of the rod being in the form of a drill suitable for drilling in bone, the rod being tapered from said one end toward said drill end, and of a length for introduction at a selected zone of the anal and peri-anal region and insertion by drilling thence through the sacrum and the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of a human spine, one or more of which vertebrae is to be positioned and supported by the rod.
6. An intramedullary spinal fixation rod comprising an elongated rod of round cross sectional shape and of a material which will be tolerated with a human spine, power driven means operatively engaging the rod for controlled rotative movement of the rod about its axis, the leading end of the rod being in the form of a drill suitable for drilling in bone, the rod being tapered toward said drill end, and of a length for introduction at a selected zone of the anal and peri-anal region and insertion by drilling thence into and through the centrum of the vertebral process of each of a selected plurality of successive vertebrae of a human spine, one or more of which vertebrae is to be positioned and supported by the rod.
7. An arrangement according to claim 5 wherein a selected portion of the rod is sufiiciently flexible to follow a curved course in a selected portion of its path into and through the selected vertebrae.
8. An arrangement according to claim 5 .wherein the rod is formed to follow a curved course in its path into and through selected vertebrae.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,702,031 2/1955 Wenger 128-92 2,774,350 12/1956 Cleveland 128-92 2,952,254 9/1960 Keating 12892 3,118,444 1/1964 Serrato 128-92 3,242,922 3/1966 Thomas l28-92 RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primary Examiner.
I. W. HINEY, Assistant Examiner,
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US464139A US3367326A (en) | 1965-06-15 | 1965-06-15 | Intra spinal fixation rod |
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US464139A US3367326A (en) | 1965-06-15 | 1965-06-15 | Intra spinal fixation rod |
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US3367326A true US3367326A (en) | 1968-02-06 |
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US464139A Expired - Lifetime US3367326A (en) | 1965-06-15 | 1965-06-15 | Intra spinal fixation rod |
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Cited By (110)
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US3704707A (en) * | 1971-04-06 | 1972-12-05 | William X Halloran | Orthopedic drill guide apparatus |
US4005527A (en) * | 1975-12-22 | 1977-02-01 | Wilson Ralph S | Depth gauge |
US4369769A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1983-01-25 | Edwards Charles C | Spinal fixation device and method |
US4621628A (en) * | 1983-09-09 | 1986-11-11 | Ortopedia Gmbh | Apparatus for locating transverse holes of intramedullary implantates |
US4751922A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-06-21 | Dipietropolo Al | Flexible medullary reamer |
US4790297A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1988-12-13 | Biotechnology, Inc. | Spinal fixation method and system |
FR2657776A2 (en) * | 1989-02-09 | 1991-08-09 | Missenard Gilles | Spinal instrumentation for universal pedicular fixation by diapason screw with micrometric setting |
US5499984A (en) * | 1994-04-07 | 1996-03-19 | Snap-On Incorporated | Universal modular reamer system |
US5584838A (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1996-12-17 | Stryker Corporation | Distal targeting system |
US5720749A (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 1998-02-24 | Snap-On Technologies, Inc. | Integral reamer apparatus with guide counterbores in female press-fitted parts |
US6118845A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-09-12 | Surgical Navigation Technologies, Inc. | System and methods for the reduction and elimination of image artifacts in the calibration of X-ray imagers |
WO2001060270A1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2001-08-23 | Axiamed, Inc. | Axial spinal implant and apparatus for implanting an axial spinal implant within the vertebrae of the spine |
DE10032126A1 (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-01-31 | Marquardt Medizintechnik Gmbh | Instrument for lateral insertion of connection rod in and through transverse openings of pedicle screws fixed in vertebrae; has flexible element controlled to move to and fro in S-shaped guide tube |
WO2001060234A3 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2002-03-28 | Axiamed Inc | Apparatus for performing therapeutic procedures in the spine |
US6470207B1 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2002-10-22 | Surgical Navigation Technologies, Inc. | Navigational guidance via computer-assisted fluoroscopic imaging |
US20020156363A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2002-10-24 | Hunter Mark W. | Registration of human anatomy integrated for electromagnetic localization |
US6477400B1 (en) | 1998-08-20 | 2002-11-05 | Sofamor Danek Holdings, Inc. | Fluoroscopic image guided orthopaedic surgery system with intraoperative registration |
US20030028091A1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2003-02-06 | Simon David Anthony | Trajectory storage apparatus and method for surgical navigation systems |
US20030114752A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2003-06-19 | Jaimie Henderson | Instrument guidance method and system for image guided surgery |
US20030117135A1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2003-06-26 | Martinelli Michael A. | Method and system for navigating a catheter probe in the presence of field-influencing objects |
US20030163038A1 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-08-28 | Simon David A. | Method and apparatus for perspective inversion |
US20030163037A1 (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 2003-08-28 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Surgical navigation |
US20030191394A1 (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-10-09 | Simon David A. | Method and apparatus for virtual digital subtraction angiography |
JP2003531648A (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-10-28 | アクシアメド インコーポレイティッド | Device for providing posterior or anterior transsacral access to vertebrae |
US20040097806A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-05-20 | Mark Hunter | Navigation system for cardiac therapies |
US20040097805A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-05-20 | Laurent Verard | Navigation system for cardiac therapies |
US6740090B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2004-05-25 | Trans1 Inc. | Methods and apparatus for forming shaped axial bores through spinal vertebrae |
US20040116803A1 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2004-06-17 | Bradley Jascob | Method and apparatus for electromagnetic navigation of a surgical probe near a metal object |
US20040152972A1 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-05 | Mark Hunter | Method and apparatus for post-operative tuning of a spinal implant |
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