US20040116952A1 - Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state - Google Patents
Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state Download PDFInfo
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- US20040116952A1 US20040116952A1 US10/728,264 US72826403A US2004116952A1 US 20040116952 A1 US20040116952 A1 US 20040116952A1 US 72826403 A US72826403 A US 72826403A US 2004116952 A1 US2004116952 A1 US 2004116952A1
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- 0 C[C@@](CC(C1)C23)C2[C@](C)CC1[C@@]3C=*C Chemical compound C[C@@](CC(C1)C23)C2[C@](C)CC1[C@@]3C=*C 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1613—Component parts
- A61B17/1628—Motors; Power supplies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
- A61B17/32002—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
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- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00022—Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
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- A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
- A61B2017/00398—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
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- A61B2017/00411—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like actuated by application of energy from an energy source outside the body
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- A61B2017/00734—Aspects not otherwise provided for battery operated
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- A61B17/320092—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw
- A61B2017/320094—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw additional movable means performing clamping operation
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- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B2018/1226—Generators therefor powered by a battery
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/064—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
- A61B2090/065—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension for measuring contact or contact pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/0807—Indication means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C2204/00—Features not otherwise provided for
- A61C2204/002—Features not otherwise provided for using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S30/00—Cutlery
- Y10S30/01—Rechargeable battery operated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surgical apparatus making it possible to recharge a secondary battery included in a battery-driven surgical instrument with an energy generation unit such as a recharger and the surgical instrument held in noncontact with each other.
- a surgical instrument in accordance with a related art disclosed in, for example, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-43501 has a battery incorporated in a handpiece. Moreover, a motor and a treatment instrument are unified, and the motor is powered with the built-in battery.
- a rechargeable battery may be incorporated in the surgical instrument and recharged using a recharger.
- the related art has a drawback that the sterilized surgical instrument must be sterilized again or must be handled carefully so as not to be contaminated during connection of the recharger. Moreover, measures must be taken to maintain the watertightness of the junction between the surgical instrument and recharger.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a surgical apparatus making it possible to recharge a sterilized surgical instrument without risk of contamination.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a surgical apparatus substantially obviating the necessity of renewing a battery during surgery.
- a surgical apparatus is comprised of a surgical instrument, an energy generation unit, an energy radiating device, and a charging energy producing device.
- the surgical instrument has a rechargeable secondary battery and a treatment section to be electrically driven by the secondary battery, and can be disinfected or sterilized.
- the energy generation unit is located outside the surgical instrument and used to recharge the secondary battery.
- the energy radiating device included in the energy generation unit radiates energy.
- the charging energy producing device is incorporated in the surgical instrument, receives energy without the need for the surgical instrument and energy generation unit to be in contact with each other, and produces energy used to recharge the secondary battery.
- the secondary battery can be recharged without the sterilized surgical instrument being contaminated. Moreover, the recharge substantially obviates the necessity of renewing the battery during surgery.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 5B relate to the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a surgical system including the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the surgical system being recharged
- FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C show the principles of operation for noncontact recharge and the electrical systems of a surgical instrument and a recharger
- FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C are block diagrams showing examples of the configurations of surgical instruments
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show the electrical systems of a surgical instrument and a recharger in accordance with a variant
- FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 relate to the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a sectional diagram showing the configuration of a surgical instrument employed in the second embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the electrical system of the surgical instrument
- FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 relate to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows the appearance of a surgical system having the third embodiment
- FIG. 9 shows the configuration of part of the surgical system shown in FIG. 8;
- FIG. 10 to FIG. 12 relate to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows the appearance of a surgical apparatus in accordance with the fourth embodiment
- FIG. 11 shows the internal configurations of a surgical instrument and a recharger
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a recharge receptacle freely attachable or detachable to or from the recharger;
- FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B schematically show a surgical instrument in accordance with the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 to FIG. 17 relate to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 shows the appearance of an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the sixth embodiment
- FIG. 15 details the configuration of the ultrasonic treatment instrument shown in FIG. 14;
- FIG. 16 shows the configuration of an output adjustment mechanism included in the ultrasonic treatment instrument
- FIG. 17 shows an output adjustment mechanism in accordance with a variant
- FIG. 18 shows the configuration of an output adjustment mechanism and others included in an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 relate to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 shows the configuration of an output adjustment mechanism included in a high-frequency treatment instrument in accordance with the eighth embodiment
- FIG. 20 shows the configuration of a strain detection device
- FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 relate to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 shows the appearance of an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the fourth embodiment
- FIG. 22 shows the configuration of the major portion of the ultrasonic treatment instrument
- FIG. 23 shows the configuration of the major portion of an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 shows the configuration of the major portion of an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the eleventh embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 25 to FIG. 27 relate to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is an oblique view showing the appearance of an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument in accordance with the twelfth embodiment
- FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal configuration of the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument shown in FIG. 25;
- FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument.
- FIG. 28 shows an operation unit for an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument in accordance with the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 29 shows a bipolar coagulator in accordance with the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 to FIG. 34 relate to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 shows the configuration of a battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument in accordance with the fifteenth embodiment
- FIG. 31 shows the configuration of a drive circuit shown in FIG. 30;
- FIG. 32 shows the relationship between an amount of energy output from a control circuit shown in FIG. 31 to a drive unit and the frequency of an output sound of a buzzer;
- FIG. 33 shows the first example of a cylinder shown in FIG. 30;
- FIG. 34 shows the second example of the cylinder shown in FIG. 30;
- FIG. 35 shows the configuration of a battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument in accordance with the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 36 to FIG. 39 relate to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 shows the configuration of a surgical instrument in accordance with the seventeenth embodiment
- FIG. 37 shows a conducting state of a battery unit shown in FIG. 36;
- FIG. 38A and FIG. 38B details the configuration of the battery unit shown in FIG. 37;
- FIG. 39 is an explanatory diagram concerning renewal of a battery in the battery unit
- FIG. 40 shows the major configuration of a surgical instrument in accordance with the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 41 shows the configuration of a surgical instrument in accordance with the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- An surgical system 1 is comprised of a recharger 2 and a surgical instrument 3 A or 3 B.
- the recharger 2 serves as an energy generation unit and is constructed to generate energy used for recharge and radiate the energy.
- the surgical instrument 3 A or 3 B is used to perform surgery (treatment) on a living body for cure.
- a charging energy producing device described below which receives energy from the recharger 2 , and a rechargeable secondary battery 4 is incorporated in the surgical instrument 3 A or 3 B.
- Surgical instrument 3 A or 3 B further include a hand-held portion 5 held by an operator and a shaft portion 6 extending out of the hand-held portion 5 .
- a treatment section 7 A or 7 B used to treat a living tissue or the like is formed as the distal part of the shaft portion 6 .
- the hand-held portion 5 has a switch 8 .
- the switch 8 is turned on or off for activating or deactivating treatment section 7 A or 7 B.
- Recharger 2 has a power cord 11 to be plugged into the mains.
- a plug 12 attached to the distal end of the power cord 11 is fitted into a mains receptacle, whereby alternating electrical energy is supplied from the mains to an output circuit 15 via a power switch 14 .
- the output circuit 15 converts the alternating electrical energy into, electrical energy of a higher frequency.
- the output circuit 15 is connected to a power transmission circuit 16 including a power transmission coil 16 a.
- the output circuit 15 may include, as shown in FIG. 3B, a power circuit 15 a , an oscillator circuit 15 b , and an amplifier 15 c .
- the oscillator circuit 15 b oscillates with direct voltage produced by the power circuit 15 a .
- Direct current is supplied from the power circuit to the amplifier 15 c that amplifies an oscillating signal output from the oscillator circuit 15 b .
- the power transmission coil 16 a included in the power transmission circuit is connected to the output terminal of the amplifier 15 c.
- the oscillator circuit 15 b oscillates at frequencies ranging from, for example, several kilohertz to several megahertz.
- the (high-frequency signal is amplified by the amplifier 15 c and sent to the power transmission coil 16 a serving as a power transmitting means.
- a concave vial placement section 18 is formed on the top of the recharger 2 .
- a vial 17 in which the clean surgical instruments 3 A and 3 B that have been washed and disinfected (or sterilized) is put is placed on the vial placement section 18 .
- the vial 17 can be washed and disinfected (or sterilized).
- the body of recharger 2 having the power transmission coil 16 a embedded therein, and the vial 17 are made of a material transparent to electromagnetic energy, for example, a glass or a resin such as Teflon.
- the surgical instruments 3 A and 3 B are put in the clean vial 17 .
- Secondary batteries 4 in the surgical instruments 3 A and 3 B are recharged from the recharger 2 by the energy radiated by power transmission coil 16 a.
- surgical instrument 3 A is comprised of the power reception unit 21 , a rectification control unit 22 , the secondary battery 4 , an energy conversion unit 23 , and the treatment section 7 A.
- the power reception unit 21 receives electromagnetic energy radiated from the power transmission circuit 16 .
- the rectification control unit 22 converts the electromagnetic energy received by the power reception unit 21 into direct current and adjusts the voltage to a level suitable for recharging the secondary battery 4 .
- the battery may be comprised of nickel-hydrogen cells, nickel-copper cells or the like that are rechargeable with an output of the rectification control unit 22 .
- the energy conversion unit 23 is driven by the secondary battery 4 .
- the treatment section 7 A for example, a knife, may be driven directly by the energy conversion unit 23 or via the shaft portion 6 serving as a propagation member.
- the energy conversion unit 23 is, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 4A, comprised of an ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a and an ultrasonic transducer 23 b.
- FIG. 1 shows a practical configuration of a surgical instrument such as an ultrasonic knife.
- the surgical instrument 3 A has a battery chamber 31 near the back end of the hand-held portion 5 .
- the back end 31 a of the battery chamber 31 is open, and terminates in a threaded portion which mates with a threaded lid 32 .
- a seal such as an O ring 33 is located in a groove 33 a in lid 32 .
- a power reception coil 21 a included in the power reception unit 21 is wound about the battery chamber 31 . Electrical energy induced in the power reception coil 21 a is input to the rectification control unit 22 over a lead 22 a .
- the rectification control unit 22 adjusts an amount of electrical energy according to voltage suitable for recharging the secondary battery 4 and supplies the electrical energy to the battery.
- the secondary battery 4 is connected to the ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a via the switch 8 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 23 b is connected to the output terminal of the ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a .
- an output signal of the ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 23 b , the ultrasonic transducer 23 b oscillates at an ultrasonic frequency.
- the power reception coil 21 a , rectification control unit 22 , and ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a are embedded in an insulating member.
- the front end 24 of the ultrasonic transducer 23 b is connected to the shaft portion 6 through an intermediate horn 34 .
- Ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer 23 b are amplified by the horn 34 , and propagated into the distal treatment section 7 A by way of the shaft portion 6 .
- the junction between the front end of the horn 34 and the shaft portion 6 is shielded with a cover member (armor member) covering the hand-held portion 5 via a seal member 35 such as a rubber member.
- a cover member such as a rubber member.
- the interior of the hand-held portion 5 is held watertight so that the hand-held portion 5 can not only be washed with a cleaning solvent but also be disinfected (or sterilized) with a disinfectant (or a sterilant).
- the hand-held portion 5 resists sterilization to be performed using a sterilization gas.
- Shaft portion 6 may be sealed at the proximal end of the horn 34 as shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 3C shows a practical example of the electrical system of the surgical instrument 3 A.
- the power reception coil 21 a has both ends thereof connected to input terminals of a rectifier circuit 22 a included in the rectification control unit 22 . After alternating current is rectified and smoothed, the resultant current is stabilized by a constant-voltage diode 22 b so that constant voltage will be developed at the secondary battery.
- the constant-voltage diode 22 b is connected to the secondary battery 4 via an anti-reverse flow diode 22 c.
- the secondary battery 4 has one terminal thereof connected directly to an input terminal of the ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a .
- the other terminal of the secondary battery 4 is connected to the input terminal of the ultrasonic generator circuit via the switch 8 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 23 b is connected to the output terminals of the ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a.
- the surgical instrument 3 B has the same configuration as the surgical instrument 3 A except that the shaft portion 6 thereof is longer than that of the surgical instrument 3 A and that the distal treatment section 7 B thereof is shaped like, for example, a hook.
- the surgical instrument 3 B can be disinfected in the same manner as the surgical instrument 3 A.
- Surgical instruments 3 A and 3 B have been described as ultrasonic knives.
- the surgical instrument 3 A or 3 B may be an electric cauterizer 3 C as shown in FIG. 4B, or may be a motor-driven treatment instrument 3 D as shown in FIG. 4C.
- the electric cauterizer 3 C has a high-frequency output circuit 23 c in place of the ultrasonic generator circuit included in the ultrasonic knife 3 A.
- the high-frequency output circuit 23 c oscillates at a high frequency.
- An oscillating output of the high-frequency output circuit is amplified and output.
- the output terminal of the high-frequency output circuit 23 c is connected to the primary winding of an output transformer 23 d .
- a high-frequency output signal is supplied to the secondary winding thereof isolated from the primary winding.
- a pair of high-frequency electrodes 36 a and 36 b is connected to the secondary winding of the output transformer 23 d .
- a high-frequency output signal is transmitted to the treatment section 7 C is located distally to the high-frequency electrodes.
- the treatment section 7 C is brought into contact with a living tissue to be treated, whereby resection or cauterizer can be achieved.
- a section of the hand-held portion 5 from which the high-frequency electrodes 36 a and 36 b extend is sealed to be watertight and airtight using an insulating member 37 .
- the motor-driven treatment instrument 3 D shown in FIG. 4C has a motor control unit 23 e in place of the ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a included in the ultrasonic knife 3 A shown in FIG. 4A.
- a motor 23 f is driven to rotate with an output signal of the motor control unit 23 e.
- a shaft portion 38 extending from the hand-held portion 5 is coupled to the axis of rotation of the motor 23 f .
- a rotary brush 39 may be formed as a treatment section in the distal part of the shaft portion 38 .
- the rotary brush 39 is used to peel off surface tissue or perform any other treatment.
- a seal member 40 such as an O ring is put on a section of the hand-held portion 5 from which the shaft portion 38 extends, whereby watertightness is maintained.
- the lid 32 is opened in order to stow the secondary battery 4 in the battery chamber 31 .
- the lid 32 is then closed.
- the surgical instruments 3 A and 3 B are held watertight and airtight, and can therefore be washed and disinfected (or sterilized).
- the surgical instruments 3 A and 3 B are then washed and disinfected (or sterilized), and put in the vial 17 placed on the vial placement section 18 on the top of the recharger 2 .
- the vial 17 has been washed and disinfected (or sterilized).
- the plug 12 of the recharger 2 is fitted into a mains receptacle, and the switch 14 is turned on. Consequently, an oscillating signal output from the oscillator circuit 15 b included in the output circuit 15 of the recharger 2 shown in FIG. 3B is amplified by the amplifier 15 c , and applied to the power transmission coil 16 a .
- An A.C. electromagnetic field is produced around the power transmission coil 16 a .
- the electromagnetic field induces A.C. current flow in power reception coil 21 a .
- energy is propagated to the power reception coil 21 a without the need for a conductive connection with the power transmission coil.
- the high-frequency signal produced by the power reception circuit 21 a is supplied to the rectification control unit 22 , rectified by the rectifier circuit 22 a , and adjusted so that a voltage suitable for recharge will be developed at the secondary battery.
- the resultant signal is applied to the secondary battery 4 , whereby the secondary battery 4 is recharged.
- the surgical instrument 3 A is washed and disinfected (or sterilized), put in the vial 17 again, and recharged.
- the secondary battery 4 incorporated in the surgical instrument 3 A is recharged so that the surgical instrument 3 A can be reused repeatedly.
- the surgical instrument 3 A or the like must be washed and sterilized prior to every use.
- the recharger 2 is unclean.
- the vial 17 that has been washed and sterilized in advance is placed on the recharger 2 .
- the surgical instrument 3 A or the like is then put in the vial 17 .
- the surgical instrument 3 A or the like that has been sterilized can be recharged without risk of contamination.
- the secondary battery 4 may be replaced with a new one.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show energy propagating devices.
- a light-emitting device such as a light-emitting diode (LED) 16 b is caused to glow using a direct-current power source that is the power circuit 15 a .
- a direct-current power source that is the power circuit 15 a .
- Light emitted from the LED 16 b is received by a photoelectric converter such as a solar battery 21 b , whereby electromotive force causing direct current to flow is induced.
- the electromotive force is applied to the secondary battery 4 via a control unit comprised of a constant-voltage diode 22 b and anti-reverse flow diode 22 c.
- a light-emitting section of the recharger 2 above the LED 16 b as well as the vial 17 should be made of a material transparent to light, such as, a glass.
- the solar battery 21 is embedded in the back end of the surgical instrument, for example, in the lid 32 so that the light-receiving section of the solar battery 21 will be opposed to the outer surface of the surgical instrument.
- the oscillator circuit 15 b is oscillated using a direct-current source that is the power circuit 15 a .
- An oscillating output of the oscillator circuit causes a sound travelling device such as an ultrasonic loudspeaker 16 c to output acoustic energy such as ultrasonic energy.
- An ultrasonic microphone 21 c or the like receives the acoustic energy and converts it into electrical energy.
- the electrical energy is supplied to the secondary battery 4 via the rectification control unit 22 .
- the secondary battery 4 may thus be recharged.
- the secondary battery 4 incorporated in the battery-driven surgical instrument 3 A or the like is recharged repeatedly. This makes the surgical instrument 3 A or the like reusable many times. Contacts that are electrically coupled to each other are not needed for recharging the battery.
- the secondary battery can be recharged while held in noncontact with an unclean recharger. Consequently, the secondary battery can be recharged with the surgical instrument left sterilized.
- the surgical instrument will not be contaminated but be recharged readily.
- the recharge work is simplified greatly, and recharge control is simplified.
- the present embodiment is identical to the first embodiment except that a device for indicating that recharge is completed is in the surgical instrument 3 A of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows a surgical instrument 3 E in accordance with this embodiment.
- the surgical instrument 3 E will be described in comparison with the surgical instrument 3 A shown in FIG. 1.
- a rectification control judgment unit 42 formed by adding a recharged state judgment block 41 to the rectification control unit 22 is included in the hand-held portion 5 .
- a recharge completion indicator LED 43 connected to the rectification control judgment unit 42 is mounted on the outer surface of the hand-held portion 5 .
- FIG. 7 shows the electrical system of the surgical instrument 3 E. As shown in FIG. 7, the output terminals of the rectifier circuit 22 a are connected to the positive and negative power terminals of a comparator 41 a included in the recharged state judgment block 41 . A constant-voltage diode 22 b is connected to the rectifier circuit 22 a via a current limiting resistor R 1 .
- the cathode of the constant-voltage diode 22 b is connected to the anode of the secondary battery 4 via a selection switch SW and the anti-reverse flow diode 22 c.
- the anode voltage of the secondary battery 4 is applied to the noninverting input terminal of the comparator 41 a .
- a voltage stabilized by the constant-voltage diode 22 b is lowered at resistors R 2 and R 3 .
- a resultant reference voltage is applied to the inverting input terminal of the comparator 41 a.
- a resistor R 4 and a capacitor C are connected to the output terminal of the comparator 41 a .
- a voltage applied to charge the capacitor C is used to change the selection switch SW from a contact a to a contact b. Consequently, the LED 43 connected to the contact b is allowed to glow.
- the resistances given by the resistors R 2 and R 3 are determined so that a voltage developed at the secondary battery 4 will be equal to the reference voltage at the completion of recharge.
- the selection switch SW is formed with, for example, an analog switch.
- the selection switch SW is, similarly to the comparator 41 , powered by the rectifier circuit 22 a (omitted from FIG. 7 for brevity's sake).
- the other components are identical to those of the first embodiment.
- the present embodiment operates in the same manner as the first embodiment.
- the fact is detected by checking if the voltage at the secondary battery has exceeded the reference voltage.
- the contacts of the selection switch SW are then changed to prevent charging current from flowing into the secondary battery 4 .
- the LED 43 is allowed to glow (lit).
- the present embodiment can provide the same advantages as the first embodiment.
- a detecting means is included for detecting whether recharge is completed.
- the LED 43 is lit in order to notify a user of completion of recharge.
- the LED 43 may be lit during recharge.
- the LED 43 may be put out. Whether recharge is in progress or completed may thus be notified.
- the anode of the LED 43 shown in FIG. 7 is connected together with the anode of the diode 22 c to the contact a of the selection switch SW.
- a dedicated LED may be lit.
- the LED 43 for emitting light whose wavelengths are different from those of light emitted from the LED may be lit. Whether recharge is in progress or completed may thus be notified.
- the LED 43 shown in FIG. 7 is realized with an LED that glows in green.
- the cathode and anode of another LED that glows in red are connected to the cathode of the LED 43 and the contact a of the selection switch SW that are shown in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 8 shows a tray-like surgical system 51 .
- the surgical system 51 consists of a recharger 52 , a cart 53 on which the recharger 52 is placed, a sterilization tray 54 placed on the recharger 52 .
- One or more battery-driven surgical instruments 55 may be placed in the sterilization tray 54 , along with ordinary surgical instruments 56 .
- a cord 11 is extended from the recharger 52 , and a plug 12 is attached to the distal end of the cord 11 .
- the recharger 52 has the same components as that in the first embodiment.
- the power transmission circuit 16 is, as shown in FIG. 9, included for supplying energy to the power reception units 21 incorporated in the battery-driven surgical instruments 55 placed on the recharger 52 . At this time, the power transmission circuit 16 is in noncontact with the power reception units 21 . Energy received by the power reception unit 21 is supplied to the secondary battery 4 via the rectification control unit 22 . The secondary battery 4 is thus recharged.
- the surgical instruments 55 can be freely oriented in any direction.
- a weight 57 is therefore incorporated in each battery-driven surgical instrument 55 , so that the power transmission circuit 16 and power reception unit 21 will be oriented so properly as to efficiently transmit energy.
- the power transmission circuit 16 and power reception unit 21 are formed with coils, they are oriented so that the axial directions of the coils will be parallel to each other. Thus, energy generated by the coil of the power transmission circuit 16 can be received efficiently by the coil of the power reception unit 21 .
- the surgical instruments 55 oriented freely are put in the large sterilization tray 54 . Nevertheless, the surgical instruments are recharged reliably.
- charging current may be prevented from flowing into the secondary battery 4 .
- the LED 43 or the like maybe used to notify a user of the completion of recharge.
- FIG. 10 shows a rechargeable ultrasonic coagulation/incision apparatus 61 comprised of a recharger 62 and an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 63 having a built-in secondary battery 4 (see FIG. 11).
- the recharger 62 has receptacle attachment/detachment recesses 62 a (see FIG. 12) which receive recharge receptacles.
- the receptacles are removable for washing and sterilization.
- the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 63 and recharge receptacles 64 are sterilized.
- the recharge receptacles 64 are mounted in the recharger 62 , and the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 63 is inserted.
- the recharger 62 has, for example, a primary coil 67 as the power transmission circuit 16 .
- a secondary coil 68 (serving as the power reception unit 21 ) is placed inside a housing 69 of the hand-held portion 5 of the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 63 .
- Energy is propagated to the secondary coil 68 due to electromagnetic induction.
- the energy is converted into a voltage suitable for recharge by means of the rectification control unit 22 connected to the secondary coil 68 , and then applied to the secondary battery 4 .
- the secondary battery 4 is thus recharged.
- the recharge receptacles 64 are made of a resin such as Teflon or a ceramic that is resistant to disinfection and sterilization.
- the recharge receptacles 64 are electrically insulated. Although each recharge receptacle 64 is interposed between the primary coil 67 and secondary coil 68 , electromagnetic energy induced in the primary coil 67 can be propagated to the secondary coil 68 .
- the secondary battery 4 is connected to the ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a via a switch (not shown). When the switch is turned on, an oscillating output of the ultrasonic generator circuit 23 a is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 23 b . Ultrasonic waves generated from the ultrasonic transducer 23 b are propagated to the distal treatment section 7 B via the horn 34 and axial portion 6 , and cause the distal treatment section 7 B to oscillate at an ultrasonic frequency.
- each recharge receptacle 64 is interposed between the primary coil 67 and secondary coil 68 . Consequently, recharge can be achieved with the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument left sterilized.
- FIG. 13A shows a battery-driven treatment instrument 71 to be employed in endoscopic surgery.
- the battery-driven treatment instrument 71 is comprised of an operation unit 72 and an insertion unit 73 .
- a secondary battery 74 extends through the operation unit 72 and insertion unit 73 .
- FIG. 13B shows another battery-driven treatment instrument 71 ′ to be employed in endoscopic surgery.
- a differently-shaped secondary battery 75 extends through the operation unit 72 and insertion unit 73 .
- the power reception unit 21 employed in, for example, the first embodiment is incorporated in the operation unit 72 (not shown).
- An advantage of the fifth embodiment is that the relatively heavy secondary battery 74 or 75 is extends through the both insertion unit 73 and operation unit 72 , the treatment instrument is well balanced and easy to use.
- a secondary battery in a surgical instrument can be recharged while held in noncontact with an energy generation unit.
- the secondary battery can be recharged with the sterilized surgical instrument left uncontaminated.
- the necessity of renewing a battery during surgery can be substantially obviated.
- treatment energy output from a treatment section can be adjusted readily and quickly, and an amount of energy output to the treatment section can be adjusted to facilitate delicate or precise treatment.
- an ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 A that is a motor-driven surgical instrument is comprised of an elongated insertion unit 82 to be inserted into a body cavity and an operating unit 83 formed at the back end of the insertion unit 82 .
- the operating unit 83 is hand-held for manipulating the ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 A.
- the operating unit 83 includes a handle portion 84 and a movable manipulation lever 85 .
- the ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 A has an ultrasonic transducer 82 located in a housing 91 of operating unit 83 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 92 oscillates at an ultrasonic frequency in response to a driving signal sent from a transducer drive unit 93 .
- Ultrasonic waves (driving force) generated by the ultrasonic transducer 92 are propagated to an ultrasonic treatment section 97 via a horn 94 and an ultrasonic propagation rod 96 .
- the ultrasonic propagation rod 96 is linked to the horn 94 and run through a hollow sheath 95 which forms an insertion unit.
- the ultrasonic treatment section 97 is formed by the distal part of the ultrasonic propagation rod 96 (extending out of the distal end of the sheath 95 ).
- the ultrasonic treatment section 97 may be in contact, for example, with a lesion.
- the lesion is ultrasonically heated and incised or coagulated by utilizing the ultrasonic waves.
- the transducer drive unit 93 is comprised of an electrical oscillator circuit 101 and a gain control amplifier (GCA) 102 .
- the gain control amplifier 102 amplifies an output of the oscillator circuit 101 at a variable amplification factor (or by a variable gain).
- a control circuit 103 varies the gain produced by the GCA 102 .
- the oscillating output amplified by the gain by the GCA 102 is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 92 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 92 is formed, for example, by a bolted Langevin transducer having piezoelectric ceramics layered.
- a battery 104 is positioned in a battery chamber in the lowermost area inside the handle portion 84 .
- the battery 104 supplies operating power to the control circuit 103 via a power switch (not shown). Power is supplied from the battery 104 to the transducer drive unit 93 via a switch 113 .
- the open end of the battery chamber is blocked with a lid 105 .
- the lid 105 When the lid 105 is moved downward, the battery 104 can be replaced with a new one.
- a seal member such as an O ring 106 is put on the open end and abutting on the lid 105 , whereby the interior of the handle portion 84 is held watertight.
- the manipulation lever 85 is movable.
- An output adjustment mechanism 111 cooperates with control circuit 103 to adjust ultrasonic treatment energy generated by ultrasonic treatment section 97 according to the magnitude of movement of manipulation lever 85 .
- the manipulation lever 85 has a pin 112 piercing the proximal end thereof.
- the pin 112 is fitted in a guide groove 113 in the body of operating unit 83 and movable longitudinally therein.
- the portion of the housing 91 in which the guide groove 113 is bored is made thicker.
- An arm 114 projects from near the center position in a longitudinal direction of the manipulation lever 85 towards the handle portion 84 .
- the manipulation lever 85 is pulled towards the handle portion 84 , e.g., by a finger put on the manipulation lever 85 .
- This causes a cylinder 115 to move in a direction parallel to a longitudinal direction of the guide groove 113 (direction of arrow A in FIG. 16).
- the cylinder 115 is attached to the distal end of the arm 114 on the side of the handle portion.
- the housing 91 of the handle portion 84 has a cylinder fitting hole into which the cylinder 115 is fitted.
- An O ring 116 on the perimeter of the cylinder fitting hole, provides a watertight seal.
- a piston 118 based by a compression spring 112 extends out of cylinder 115 .
- a piezoelectric switch 119 is attached to the extending portion of piston 118 .
- the piezoelectric switch 119 has, for example, four piezoelectric elements 120 a , 120 b , 120 c , and 120 d layered. Voltage is developed across a piezoelectric element proportional to an applied force. The voltage is output to the control circuit 103 through electrodes, which are not shown, formed on both sides of the piezoelectric element.
- Each the four piezoelectric elements 120 a to 120 d has a different sensitivity to applied force.
- the piezoelectric element 120 a has the highest sensitivity
- the piezoelectric element 120 b has the second highest sensitivity.
- the piezoelectric element 120 c has the third highest sensitivity
- the piezoelectric element 120 d has the lowest sensitivity.
- Outputs (voltages) from the piezoelectric elements 120 a to 120 d are input to four comparators 121 a , 121 b , 121 c , and 121 d in the control circuit 103 , and compared with a reference voltage that has undergone voltage drops caused by, for example, resistors R 1 and R 2 .
- Outputs of the four comparators 121 a to 121 d are input to a decoder 122 .
- the decoder 122 decodes the four outputs, produces a gain control signal whose level is proportional to the applied force, and provides the signal to the gain control terminal of the GCA 102 .
- the GCA 102 amplifies an input signal by a gain proportional to the voltage level of the gain control signal applied to the gain control terminal, and outputs the resultant signal.
- An output signal of the oscillator circuit 101 input to the GCA 102 is amplified by a gain proportional to the voltage level of the gain control signal applied to the gain control terminal of the GCA 102 , and then applied to the ultrasonic transducer 92 .
- the output of the comparator 121 a is also used to control whether an analog switch 123 is turned on or off.
- the analog switch 123 is connected in series with the power switch (not shown), and interposed between the secondary battery 104 and the power terminal of the transducer drive unit 93 .
- the manipulation lever 85 is manipulated to the extent that the threshold force for piezoelectric element 120 a is exceeded, an output from the most sensitive comparator 121 a is driven high, driving power is supplied from the secondary battery 104 to the oscillator circuit 101 and GCA 102 .
- the ultrasonic treatment instrument is inserted into the abdominal cavity for resetting a lesion or performing surgery to arrest bleeding.
- an endoscope (not shown) is inserted into the abdominal cavity using a trocar and cannula so that a lesion can be observed, and the ultrasonic treatment 81 A is inserted while guided with the trocar and cannula.
- the power switch of the ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 A is turned on to actuate the control circuit 103 .
- the distal treatment section 97 of the insertion unit 82 is abutted against the lesion.
- the handle portion 84 of the operation unit 83 is held with a hand, and a finger is rested on the finger rest of the manipulation lever 85 .
- the manipulation lever 85 is then pulled towards the handle portion 84 .
- the oscillator circuit 101 then oscillates.
- An oscillating output of the oscillator circuit is applied to the ultrasonic transducer 92 via the GCA 102 .
- the force with which the manipulation lever 85 is pulled towards the handle portion 84 is adjusted to thus set the amount of ultrasonic treatment output energy to a value proportional to the magnitude of force. Consequently, the lesion to be coagulated can be treated with the ultrasonic treatment energy output from the magnitude suitable for coagulation.
- the manipulation lever 85 is manipulated with a finger of a hand holding the operation unit 83 of the ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 A.
- the output of the distal treatment section 97 of the insertion unit 82 can be readily varied nearly proportionally to the manipulating force. An operator can therefore readily set the amount of treatment output energy to his/her desired value.
- FIG. 17 shows an alternative output adjustment mechanism 111 ′.
- an elastic-conducting device 126 having conductivity and elasticity is used instead of the piezoelectric switch 119 shown in FIG. 16.
- the elastic-conducting device 126 When the elastic-conducting device 126 is compressed, its resistance decreases.
- the elastic-conducting device 126 has one end thereof fixed to a restriction plate 127 positioned in the housing and the other end abutted on piston 118 biased by spring 117 .
- Electrode 126 b is also connected to the noninverting output terminals of the comparators 121 a , 121 b , 121 c , and 121 d comprising a control circuit 103 ′.
- the inverting output terminal of the comparator 121 a shown in FIG. 16 is grounded via a resistor R 1 , and the inverting input terminal of comparator 121 d is connected to the power terminal via a resistor R 2 .
- resistors R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are connected, respectively, between the inverting input terminals of the comparators 121 a and 121 b , 121 b and 121 c , and 121 c and 121 d .
- Resistors R 4 -R 6 are also connected in series with resistors R 1 and R 2 between the battery and ground.
- an amount of treatment energy output from the treatment section 97 is set to a value proportional to the amplitude of the driving signal.
- this variant provides substantially the same operations and advantages as the sixth embodiment.
- voltages generated by the piezoelectric elements 120 a to 120 d are likely to be neutralized due to movement of charges made during a specific time interval. For this reason, if the manipulating force applied to lever 85 changes slowly, the generated voltages tend to decrease.
- This variant of FIG. 17 is not susceptible to this phenomenon.
- An ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 B in accordance with the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 18 has an output adjustment mechanism 131 partly different from the output adjustment mechanism 111 employed in the sixth embodiment.
- An axis 132 piercing the proximal end of the manipulation lever 85 is fitted in a hole bored in the housing 91 and thus rotationally supported.
- An angle detection device 133 realized with, for example, a potentiometer is attached to the end of the axis 132 projecting into the housing 91 .
- the potentiometer serving as the angle detection device 133 and coupled to the axis 132 is rotated. Resistance varies proportionally to the angle of rotation.
- a scale plate 134 is attached on the perimeter of the axis 132 piercing the proximal end of the manipulation lever 85 .
- a pointer 135 is attached to lever 85 . An angle of rotation by which the axis 132 is rotated by moving the manipulation lever 85 is may be thus read from the scale plate using pointer 135 .
- a spring 136 is interposed between the manipulation lever 85 and handle portion 84 .
- the spring 136 constrains the manipulation lever 85 to open.
- the angle detection device 133 outputs a resistance value or a voltage value, which is proportional to the angle of rotation by which the manipulation lever 85 is turned, to a control circuit 137 .
- the control circuit 137 sends a signal, of which level is proportional to an output value of the angle detection device 133 , to the GCA 102 in the transducer drive unit 93 .
- the control circuit 137 includes the comparator 121 a shown in FIG. 16. When the manipulation lever 85 is turned a little towards the handle portion 84 , if the output value of the angle detection device 133 exceeds a small reference value, power to be supplied to the transducer drive unit 93 is controlled by turning on or off the switch 123 .
- the secondary battery 104 supplies operating power to the control circuit 137 and to the transducer drive unit 93 via the switch 123 .
- the present embodiment exerts the same operations as the sixth embodiment. Specifically, when the manipulation lever 85 is manipulated, the axis 132 is rotated by an angle substantially proportional to the magnitude of manipulating force. When the angle of rotation exceeds a reference value, the control circuit 137 turns on the switch 123 so that power will be supplied to the transducer drive unit 93 . The control circuit 137 outputs a gain control signal, of which level is proportional to the angle of rotation, to the GCA 102 , and thus controls the amplitude of a driving signal, which is used to drive the ultrasonic transducer 92 , proportionally to the angle of rotation.
- an amount of treatment energy output from the treatment section 97 is set to a value nearly proportional to the magnitude of manipulating force with which the manipulation lever 85 is manipulated.
- the manipulation lever 85 is manipulated with a finger of a hand holding the operating unit 83 of the ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 .
- An output from the distal treatment section 97 of the insertion unit 82 can be readily varied nearly proportionally to the manipulating force. Consequently, an operator can readily set the amount of treatment output energy to his/her desired value, and can quickly perform treatment for cure.
- the amount of treatment output energy can be varied using a hand holding the operating unit. This is helpful in performing a delicate surgical procedure for precise treatment.
- an angle of rotation or a magnitude of manipulating force with which the manipulation lever 85 is manipulated can be discerned from the reading of the scale plate 134 .
- the amount of treatment energy output from the treatment section 97 can be checked based on the angle of rotation or the magnitude of manipulating force.
- the variable amount of treatment output energy can be checked from the reading of the scale plate 134 pointed out by the jut 135 .
- a scale may be formed in a longitudinal direction of the guide groove 113 so that the position within the guide groove 113 at which the pin 112 piercing the proximal end of the manipulation lever 85 is located can be discerned.
- the present invention is not limited to the means for discerning the amount of treatment output energy using the scale plate 134 .
- an indicator formed with an LED or the like maybe used to electrically indicate the amount of treatment output energy. Otherwise, the value of an output (voltage, current, or power) actually applied to the ultrasonic transducer 92 may be electrically indicated.
- FIG. 19 A high-frequency treatment instrument in accordance with the present embodiment is different from that of the sixth embodiment in terms of an output adjustment mechanism.
- a high-frequency treatment instrument 81 C shown in FIG. 19 has an output adjustment mechanism 141 .
- the manipulation lever 85 has the proximal end thereof journaled so that the manipulation lever can pivot freely with an axis of rotation 142 as a center.
- a hemisphere projection 143 is formed near the proximal end of the manipulation lever 85 , and a strain detection device 144 is embedded in the projection.
- An elastic rubber insert 145 having elasticity is located at a position in the handle portion 84 at which it is opposed to the projection 143 .
- the projection 143 is formed with an elastic member whose hardness is higher than that of the insert 145 . Force applied to the projection 143 is conveyed to the strain detection device 144 .
- lever 85 When lever 85 is manipulated, the projection 143 abuts against insert 145 and presses it. An output proportional to the pressing force is then provided by the strain detection device 144 to a control circuit 146 . When the projection 143 hits insert 145 , it is deformed by projection 143 . This permits the lever 85 to pivot with the axis of rotation 142 as a center.
- the control circuit 146 When a signal from the strain detection device 144 exceeds a reference level, the control circuit 146 turns on the switch 123 . Also, the control circuit 146 controls a high-frequency treatment instrument drive unit 147 according to an output signal proportional to the signal input from the strain detection device 144 .
- the high-frequency treatment instrument drive unit 147 consists of, for example, an oscillator 147 a and a GCA 147 b for amplifying an oscillating output of the oscillator 147 a .
- the control circuit 146 varies a gain, which is produced by the GCA 147 b , proportionally to the signal input from the strain detection device 144 , and thus varies an amount of high-frequency treatment energy provided by distal treatment section via electrodes 148 a and 148 b connected to the GCA 147 b.
- FIG. 20 shows the details of the strain detection device 144 .
- the strain detection device 144 consists of, for example, three strain gages 149 a , 149 b , and 149 c which constitute a bridge.
- the strain detection device 144 outputs a signal, which represents a magnitude of strain proportional to the magnitude of pressing force with which the manipulation lever 85 is pressed, to the control circuit 146 .
- high-frequency power generated by the high-frequency treatment instrument drive unit 147 is propagated to the distal treatment section over the electrodes 148 a and 148 b .
- the treatment section is used to perform treatment such as cautery using high-frequency energy.
- an amount of treatment output energy with which high-frequency treatment is carried out can be varied.
- the treatment output energy is generated by the high-frequency treatment instrument drive unit 147 according to the manipulating force with which the manipulation lever 85 is turned, and then propagated to the treatment section over the electrodes 148 a and 148 b.
- the present embodiment has substantially the same advantages as the sixth embodiment or its variant.
- strain detection device 144 may be embedded in the elastic rubber insert 145 .
- an output signal of the strain detection device 144 can readily be provided to the control circuit 146 without need for a signal line laid down in the manipulation lever 85 that is movable. This results in a simpler configuration.
- an ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 D consists mainly of an insertion unit 152 and an operating unit 153 .
- the operating unit 153 has a handle portion 154 and a manipulation lever 155 .
- On and Off switches 156 are formed on the top of the operation unit 153 .
- An output adjustment switch 151 made of a conducting rubber is located at an upper position on the handle portion 154 .
- the output adjustment switch 151 has basically the same structure as the elastic-conducting device 126 shown in FIG. 17. When the elastic-conducting device 126 is pressed, its electrical resistance varies depends on pressure applied by the thumb of the user.
- a control circuit 168 (see FIG. 22) detects the resistance in the form of a voltage drop, and varies the amplitude of a transducer driving signal output from the transducer drive unit 93 .
- a distal treatment section 157 of the insertion unit 152 consists of a stationary jaw 158 a and a movable jaw 158 b .
- the movable jaw 158 b is coupled to a pulley 161 (see FIG. 22) by way of an operating wire 159 (see FIG. 22) passed through the insertion unit 152 .
- the pulley 161 is located near the proximal end of the manipulation lever 155 .
- the movable jaw 158 b pivots with a pin piercing the proximal end thereof as a center.
- the movable jaw 158 b thus opens or closes relative to the stationary jaw 158 a.
- FIG. 22 shows the details of the manipulation lever 155 and handle portion 154 .
- a gear 160 and the pulley 161 are located near the proximal end of the manipulation lever 154 so that they can rotate freely with respect to an axis of rotation 162 .
- the gear 160 is connected to a motor 164 via a gear 163 engaged with the gear 160 .
- the motor 164 is attached to the axis of rotation of the gear 163 .
- the gear 163 rotates along with rotation of the motor 164 .
- the back end of the operation wire 159 is linked to the pulley 161 freely rotational together with the gear 160 .
- the pulley 161 is rotated, the movable jaw 158 b opens or closes relative to the stationary jaw 158 a.
- a pressure sensor fixture 165 is formed to surround the proximal part of the manipulation lever 154 .
- the pressure sensor fixture 165 is shaped substantially like letter U, and journaled in, as shown in FIG. 22, an axis of rotation 166 at the upper end of the pressure sensor fixture.
- Pressure sensors 167 a and 167 b sensitive to pressure are attached to the ends of fork portions of the pressure sensor fixture 165 .
- the pressure sensors 167 a and 167 b can come into contact with the side edges of the manipulation lever 155 .
- the secondary battery 104 supplies power to a control circuit 168 and the transducer drive unit 93 via the On and Off switches 156 .
- Outputs of the pressure sensors 167 a and 167 b are input to the control circuit 168 and used to control rotation of the motor 164 .
- the pressure-sensitive outputs of the pressure sensors are input to the control circuit 168 .
- the control circuit 168 drives and rotates the motor 164 as long as pressure-sensitive outputs are provided.
- the control circuit 168 stops driving and rotating the motor 164 .
- the manipulation lever 155 is electrically driven using the motor 164 .
- the manipulation lever 155 can be moved with small force.
- the movable jaw 158 b can be opened or closed relative to the stationary jaw 158 a.
- the control circuit 168 inputs a signal stemming from a manipulation performed on the output adjustment switch 151 , and thus controls the transducer drive unit 93 (gain to be produced by the GCA 102 ) according to the manipulating force applied to the output adjustment switch 151 . Assume that power is supplied to the control circuit 168 or the like using the switch 156 .
- the manipulation lever 155 is moved slightly in a direction permitting the movable jaw to close (counterclockwise in FIG. 22)
- the side edge of the manipulation lever 155 presses the pressure sensor 167 a .
- the pressure sensor 167 a senses the pressure and supplies an output to the control circuit 168 .
- the control circuit 168 then drives the motor 164 to help turn the manipulation lever 155 in the close direction via the gears 163 and 160 .
- the operation wire 159 is thrust forward, whereby the distal movable jaw 158 b is driven to close.
- a signal whose level is proportional to a magnitude of pressing force with which the output adjustment switch 151 is pressed is input to the control circuit 168 .
- the control circuit 168 controls the transducer drive unit 93 (a gain to be produced by the GCA 102 ) according to the magnitude of pressing force.
- the manipulation lever 155 can be manipulated in the open or close direction with small force.
- the movable jaw 158 b of the distal treatment section 157 of the insertion unit 152 can be opened or closed with small force.
- the manipulation lever 155 is moved to an intermediate position at which it contacts neither the pressure sensor 158 a nor the pressure sensor 158 b.
- the output adjustment switch 151 may be used to vary an amount of ultrasonic treatment energy output from the treatment section 157 .
- the present embodiment has the same advantages as the sixth embodiment.
- the tenth embodiment is identical to the ninth embodiment except that the movable jaw 158 b is normally open and can be closed with a small manipulating force.
- Ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 E shown in FIG. 23 is comprised of a pressure sensor fixture 165 ′ shaped like letter J, and magnet 171 is attached to the motor 164 having the gear 163 .
- the shaft of the motor 164 (on the side of the motor opposite to the side thereof on which the gear 163 is located) is fitted in a guide groove 172 so that the shaft can be freely moved in horizontal directions.
- An electromagnet 173 is placed on the magnet 171 .
- the electromagnet 173 is connected to the control circuit 168 .
- current is supplied to the electromagnet 173 under the control of the control circuit 168 , magnetic force repulsing the magnet 171 is generated. Consequently, the motor 164 and gear 163 can be moved towards the gear 160 along the guide groove 172 .
- a signal whose level is proportional to the magnitude of the manipulating force with which the output adjustment switch 151 is pressed is input to the control circuit 168 .
- the control circuit 168 in turn controls the transducer drive unit 93 (a gain to be produced by the GCA 102 ) according to the magnitude of pressing force.
- This embodiment has, in addition to the same components as the ninth embodiment, a limiter means for detecting a manipulation zone in which the manipulation lever 155 can be manipulated.
- the limiter means detects that the manipulation lever 155 has been manipulated beyond the manipulation zone, the motor 164 is stopped driving the manipulation lever.
- the ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 F shown in FIG. 24 is different from the ultrasonic treatment instrument 81 D shown in FIG. 22 in that limit switches 169 a and 169 b for detecting the limits of the manipulation zone are located outside the pressure sensors 167 a and 167 b respectively.
- Output signals of the limit switches 169 a and 169 b are input to the control circuit 168 .
- the control circuit 168 gives control to stop rotation of the motor 164 .
- a space between the limit switches 169 a and 169 b provides a movable zone within which the manipulation lever 155 is movable.
- the control circuit 168 gives the same control as that mentioned in conjunction with FIG. 22.
- the control circuit 168 stops rotation of the motor 164 .
- the limit switches 169 a and 169 b are located outside the pressure sensor fixture 165 .
- the fork portion of the pressure sensor fixture 155 presses the limit switch 169 a .
- the limit switch 169 a senses the pressure and sends a signal to the control circuit 168 .
- the control circuit 168 in turn stops rotation of the motor 164 .
- a signal whose level is proportional to the magnitude of the force with which the output adjustment switch 151 is pressed is provided to the control circuit 168 .
- the control circuit 168 in turn controls the transducer drive unit 93 (a gain to be produced by the GCA 102 ) according to the magnitude of the force.
- the same advantage as that of the ninth embodiment is provided when the manipulation lever 155 is moved within the movable zone.
- the manipulation lever 155 When the manipulation lever 155 is manipulated beyond the movable zone, it can be moved electrically. Thus, the manipulation lever can be prevented from being manipulated to an unnecessary extent.
- an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 201 is comprised of an insertion unit 220 , a sheath 230 , and a handpiece 250 .
- the insertion unit 220 has a treatment section 210 .
- the sheath 230 is elongated and cylindrical, and serves as a protecting member for protecting the insertion unit 220 .
- the handpiece 250 includes a hand-held operating unit 240 .
- the proximal end of the sheath 230 is coupled to the operating unit 240 so that the proximal end can be uncoupled freely.
- An ultrasonic transducer 251 for generating ultrasonic waves, a drive circuit 252 for driving the ultrasonic transducer 251 , and a secondary battery 253 are incorporated in the handpiece 250 .
- the battery 253 can be renewed and serves as a power source for supplying driving power to the drive circuit 252 .
- the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 201 is a battery-powered treatment instrument having the built-in battery 253 as a driving power source.
- ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer 251 in the operation unit 240 are propagated to a distal jaw 211 , which is shaped like a bar, over a propagation rod 211 a.
- the distal treatment section 210 of the insertion unit 220 consists of the distal jaw 211 and a movable part 212 adjoining the distal jaw 211 .
- the movable part 212 cooperates with the distal jaw 211 in clamping or freeing a living tissue.
- the back end of the movable part 212 is supported with a distal coupler 213 so that the movable part 212 can be opened or closed.
- the distal end of the sheath 230 opens as an opening 230 having a substantially oval section.
- the treatment section 210 of the insertion unit 220 projects from the opening 230 .
- a rotary knob 231 is fixed as an integral part to the proximal end of the sheath 230 (end of the operating unit 240 ).
- the rotary knob 231 is used to turn the movable part 212 of the treatment section 210 with respect to the center axis of the distal jaw 211 .
- the sheath 230 can be detached from the handpiece 250 .
- the operating unit 240 has an integral stationary handle 255 , and a movable manipulation handle 256 movable toward or away from the stationary handle 255 .
- a U-shaped coupling arm 257 is formed at the upper end of the movable manipulation handle 256 .
- the substantially center position in a vertical direction on the coupling arm 257 is fixed to the operating unit 240 using a handle fulcrum pin 257 a so that the coupling arm 257 can pivot freely.
- a lock member 258 piercing the upper end of the coupling arm 257 is inserted towards a center-axis direction through a window 259 bored in the side of the operation unit 240 .
- the lock member 258 has a lock claw 258 a projected therefrom.
- the lock claw 258 a locks a drive shaft 221 , which will be described later, included in the insertion unit 220 within the operation unit 240 so that the drive shaft 221 can be unlocked freely (see FIG. 26).
- the propagation rod 211 a and the drive shaft 221 are passed through the portion of the insertion unit 220 shielded with the sheath 230 .
- the propagation rod 211 a has a distal part thereof jutted out as the distal jaw 211 of the treatment section 210 .
- the drive shaft 221 conveys a clamping or freeing motion, which is made using the movable manipulation handle 256 , to the movable part 212 of the treatment section 210 .
- the proximal part of the propagation rod 211 a is unified with the ultrasonic transducer 251 within the operation unit 240 .
- Ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer 251 are propagated to the distal jaw 211 over the propagation rod.
- the distal jaw 211 is used to ultrasonically treat a lesion in a body cavity.
- the drive shaft 221 is an operating member for conveying a clamping or releasing instruction sent from the movable manipulation handle 256 to the movable part 212 .
- the movable part 212 is journaled in the distal end of the drive shaft 221 using a pin 213 a thrust into the distal coupler 213 .
- the back end of the drive shaft 221 is passed through the operating unit 240 and coupled to the movable manipulation handle 256 .
- the movable manipulation handle 256 When the movable manipulation handle 256 is moved towards the stationary handle 255 , the drive shaft 221 withdraws and the movable part 212 moves towards the distal jaw 211 . At this time, as the movable manipulation handle 256 is moved in order to close the movable part 212 , the movable part 212 is turned to close and meet the distal part of the distal jaw 211 .
- the movable part 212 and distal jaw 211 cooperate with each other in clamping a living tissue such as a blood vessel in a human body. In this state, when the ultrasonic transducer 251 is driven, the living tissue clamped by the distal jaw 211 and movable part 212 can be treated ultrasonically.
- a switch is formed on a side edge of the stationary handle 255 .
- the switch is turned on or off.
- Power is supplied from the battery 253 to the drive circuit 252 for driving the ultrasonic transducer 251 to propagate of ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic transducer 251 to the distal jaw 211 .
- a driving switch 261 electrically connected to the drive circuit 252 and turned on or off by opening or closing the movable manipulation handle 256 is formed on the side edge of the stationary handle 255 .
- a driving switch 261 to be turned on or off by opening or closing the movable manipulation handle 256 may be formed on the side edge of the movable manipulation handle 256 .
- the drive circuit 252 is electrically connected to the battery 253 and ultrasonic transducer 251 .
- the drive circuit 252 consists mainly of an oscillator circuit (not shown) for receiving power from the battery 253 and generating a high-frequency signal, and an amplification circuit (not shown) for amplifying in power the high-frequency signal sent from the oscillator circuit and outputting a driving signal.
- the drive circuit 252 supplies the driving signal output from the amplification circuit to the ultrasonic transducer 251 to drive the ultrasonic transducer 251 .
- the distal jaw 211 and movable part 212 of the treatment section 210 are caused to clamp a living tissue by opening or closing the movable manipulation handle 256 .
- the movable manipulation handle 256 turns on the driving switch 261 nearly at the same time.
- Power is then supplied from the battery 253 to the drive circuit 252 , whereby the ultrasonic transducer 251 is driven.
- Ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic transducer 251 are then propagated to the distal jaw 211 , which is the distal part of the propagation rod 211 a , over the propagation rod 211 . Consequently, the living tissue is coagulated or incised.
- a second switch 262 may be formed on the operation unit 240 . After the second switch 262 is manually turned on, the movable manipulation handle 256 may be moved to turn on the driving switch 261 .
- the driving switch 261 may be opened or closed to turn on the driving switch 261 .
- a switch may be formed on an operating unit of an electric cautery or the like for exerting the operation of incision or coagulation for a living tissue using high-frequency heat energy.
- the operating unit may be manipulated in order to turn on or off the switch.
- the treatment instrument is of a battery-powered type that uses a battery as a driving power source to perform various kinds of treatment on a living tissue.
- the present invention is not limited to this type of treatment instrument.
- the present invention can also be applied to a treatment instrument in which driving power or a driving signal or the like used to drive the ultrasonic transducer 251 may be supplied from an external main unit in order to carry out various kinds of treatment.
- the movable manipulation handle 256 may be opened or closed to thus turn on or off the driving switch 261 .
- one battery 253 is used as a driving power source for supplying driving power to an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument. Power supply from the battery 253 to the drive circuit 252 for driving the ultrasonic transducer 251 is controlled in order to supply ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic transducer 251 to the distal jaw 211 .
- at least two replaceable batteries are used as the driving power source to supply power to the drive circuit 252 .
- the other components are identical to those shown in FIG. 26. The description of the components will therefore be omitted. The same reference numerals will be assigned to the identical components.
- two batteries 271 and 272 having lids 271 a and 272 a , being connected to the drive circuit 252 , and capable of being replaced with new ones are incorporated in the operation unit 240 of an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument.
- the battery 271 is placed with a positive electrode thereof located on the left side and a negative electrode thereof located on the right side.
- the battery 272 is placed with a negative electrode thereof located on the left side and a positive electrode thereof located on the right side.
- the batteries 271 and 272 are thus connected in parallel with each other.
- two batteries that can be removed and renewed are used as a driving power source to supply power to the drive circuit 252 .
- Three or more batteries that can be removed and renewed may be used to supply power to the drive circuit 252 .
- the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 201 is used to ultrasonically coagulate or incise a living tissue.
- a bipolar coagulator is used to coagulate a living tissue with high-frequency energy.
- a bipolar coagulator 290 is comprised of a treatment section 291 , a hand-held portion 292 , and a handpiece 295 .
- the treatment section 291 is used to treat a living tissue.
- the hand-held portion 292 is located at the proximal end of the treatment section 291 and is a hand-held operating unit by which to manipulate the treatment section 291 .
- a high-frequency output circuit 293 for providing high-frequency energy, and a battery 294 serving as a driving power source for driving the high-frequency output circuit 293 and capable of being renewed are incorporated in the handpiece 295 .
- the bipolar coagulator 290 is a battery-powered treatment instrument having the built-in battery 294 as the driving power source.
- a driving switch 296 to be turned on or off by holding the hand-held portion 292 is formed on one side surface of one of two sections of the hand-held portion 292 .
- the hand-held portion 292 is held for clamping a living tissue with the treatment section 291 .
- the driving switch 296 is thus turned on, power is supplied from the battery 294 to the high-frequency output circuit 293 .
- This causes high-frequency energy, which is used for coagulation, to develop at the treatment section 291 .
- the clamped living tissue is then coagulated with the high-frequency energy.
- the driving switch 296 is turned on or off responsively. Coagulation is therefore carried out only when needed. Besides, the maneuverability of the treatment instrument improves.
- a second switch (not shown) may be formed on the handpiece 295 . After the second switch is manually turned on, the hand-held portion 292 may be held to thus turn on the driving switch. In this case, when a living tissue must merely be clamped with the treatment section 291 , even if the hand-held portion 292 is held to thus turn on the driving switch 296 , coagulation will not be carried out.
- At least two batteries capable of being removed may be used as a driving power source to supply power to the high-frequency output circuit 293 .
- the treatment instrument is of a battery-powered type for performing various kinds of treatment on a living tissue using a battery as a driving power source.
- the present invention is not limited to this type of treatment instrument.
- the present invention can also be applied to a treatment instrument in which driving power used to drive the high-frequency output circuit 293 is supplied from an external main unit in order to carry out various kinds of treatment. In this case, for example, after a switch on the external main unit is turned on, the hand-held portion 292 may be held to thus turn on or off the driving switch 296 .
- a battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 301 in accordance with the fifteenth embodiment consists mainly of an insertion unit 302 and an operation unit 305 .
- the insertion unit 302 is inserted into a body cavity.
- the operation unit 305 is formed at the proximal end of the insertion unit 302 and composed of a stationary handle 303 and a movable handle 304 .
- a cylinder 306 is placed along an axis of insertion as a proximal part of the operation unit 305 .
- a secondary battery 307 , a drive circuit 308 , and an ultrasonic transducer 309 are incorporated in the cylinder 306 .
- Energy to be output from the drive circuit 308 is supplied from the battery 307 .
- a treatment section 310 is formed at the distal end of the insertion unit 302 , and is comprised of a probe 311 and a movable part 312 .
- a drive shaft 313 over which a manipulation performed on the movable handle 304 is conveyed to the movable part 312 extends through the insertion unit 302 .
- a handle 305 is rotatably mounted on a pin 315 extending through stationary handle 303 .
- the stationary handle 303 has a force detection unit 314 for detecting the magnitude of a force to be propagated to the drive shaft 313 .
- One suitable force detection unit 314 is realized with an electrical capacitance force detector in which the capacitance is a function of the distance between electrodes thereof.
- a strain gage formed using a piezoelectric element or the like may be used.
- the drive circuit 308 consists of a signal detection unit 319 , a drive unit 320 , a control circuit 321 , and a buzzer 322 .
- the signal detection unit 319 detects a signal representing the magnitude of the force detected by the force detection unit 314 .
- the drive unit 320 drives the ultrasonic transducer 309 .
- the control circuit 321 controls the drive unit 320 according to the signal sent from the signal detection unit 319 .
- the control circuit 321 provides a sound signal to the buzzer 322 according to an amount of energy to be provided to the drive unit 320 .
- the buzzer 322 produces sound whose level is proportional to the voltage level of an output of the drive unit 320 controlled by the control circuit 321 .
- the frequency of the signal provided to buzzer 322 may also vary depending on the amount of output energy.
- FIG. 32 shows a suitable relationship between the amount of energy output from the control circuit 321 to the drive unit 320 and the frequency of sound output from the buzzer 322 .
- the battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 301 When the battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 301 is used to coagulate or incise a living tissue, the living tissue is clamped with the probe 311 and movable part 312 of the treatment section 310 by manipulating the movable handle 304 .
- the force detection unit 314 detects the magnitude of clamping force.
- An output signal of the force detection unit 314 is transmitted to the drive circuit 308 .
- the drive circuit 308 allows the control circuit 321 to control the drive unit 320 . Consequently, the ultrasonic transducer 309 is driven with output energy whose amount depends on the output signal of the force detection unit 314 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 309 is driven with the amount of output energy P(W).
- the force detection unit 314 detects a magnitude of force exerted for manipulating the operation unit 305 to clamp a tissue.
- the control circuit 321 in the drive circuit 308 controls the drive unit 320 .
- the ultrasonic transducer 309 is driven with output energy whose amount depends on an output signal of the force detection unit 314 .
- a proper amount of output energy can be applied to a tissue from the ultrasonic transducer 309 . This obviates the necessity of determining the amount of energy output from the ultrasonic transducer 309 while manipulating the operation unit 305 .
- the maneuverability of the instrument can thus be improved readily and easily.
- Body portion 306 need not be cylindrical. Instead, it may generally box-shaped as shown on FIG. 33.
- An indicator 331 composed of LEDs may be formed on the top of the body 306 .
- An amount of energy output from the drive circuit 308 and dependent on a magnitude of force detected by the force detection unit 314 may thus be indicated in the form of a bar. This helps an operator discern an amount of energy indicated with the indicator while performing surgery.
- the indicator 331 indicates a ratio of output power to maximum output power (for example, a maximum output is 300 W) as an amount of energy in the form of a bar. Otherwise, the indicator 331 indicates a ratio of the amplitude of ultrasonic waves to a maximum amplitude in the form of a bar.
- a display unit 332 composed of numerical indication LEDs may be provided as shown in FIG. 34, formed on the top of the body 306 .
- an amount of energy output from the drive circuit 308 according to a magnitude of force detected by the force detection unit 314 is indicated numerically.
- output power in the unit of the watt, for example, a maximum output is 300 W
- amplitude of ultrasonic waves a ratio % of the amplitude to a A maximum amplitude
- FIG. 35 shows a battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 301 in accordance with the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment differs from the fifteenth embodiment only in that instead of the force detection unit 314 , a torque sensor 341 is, as shown in FIG. 35, embedded in the axis 315 . Torque applied to the axis 315 is measured.
- the torque sensor 341 is formed with a strain gage. An output signal of the torque sensor 341 is transmitted as a magnitude of holding force, with which the movable handle 304 is held, to the drive circuit 308 .
- the movable handle 305 is manipulated to clamp a tissue with the probe 311 and movable part 312 of the treatment section 310 .
- the torque sensor 341 detects the magnitude of holding force.
- An output signal from torque sensor 341 is transmitted to the drive circuit 308 .
- the drive circuit 308 drives the ultrasonic transducer 309 with output energy whose amount depends on the output signal.
- a surgical instrument 401 in accordance with the seventeenth embodiment is comprised of an insertion unit 403 and a hand-held portion 404 .
- the insertion unit 403 has a knife section 402 , which is a treatment section for incising a tissue, as a distal part thereof.
- the hand-held portion 404 is located at the proximal end of the insertion unit 403 .
- a transducer 405 for causing the knife section 402 to vibrate, a drive circuit 406 for driving the transducer 405 , and a battery unit 407 extending from the top of the hand-held portion 404 for supplying power to the drive circuit 406 are incorporated in the hand-held portion 404 .
- the battery unit 407 consists of a battery 411 formed with a secondary battery utilizing high polymer and serving as a power supplying means, and a light emitter (or LED) 412 serving as a drive acknowledging means.
- a battery 411 formed with a secondary battery utilizing high polymer and serving as a power supplying means
- a light emitter (or LED) 412 serving as a drive acknowledging means.
- the top of the light emitter 412 is pushed down to the hand-held portion 404 . This causes the battery 411 to supply power to the light emitter 412 and drive circuit 406 .
- the light emitter 412 is then lit.
- the drive circuit 406 drives the transducer 405 . Vibrations generated by the transducer 405 are then propagated to the knife section 402 .
- a contact 422 electrically connected, for example, to a positive electrode of the drive circuit 406 is formed on the inner bottom of a cylindrical screw section 421 of the outer surface of the hand-held portion 404 .
- a first spring 423 made of, for example, copper and conducting electricity to the periphery of the lower surface of the battery 411 , constrains the battery 411 to move upward.
- the first spring 423 is connected to the negative electrode of the drive circuit 406 , though it is not shown.
- the light emitter such as a miniature bulb 412
- the light emitter is located above battery 411 and is linked to the top of the battery 411 by a second spring 425 .
- a transparent cap 424 is screwed to the screw section 421 .
- the second spring 425 is made of, for example, copper and conducts electricity to the periphery of the top of the battery.
- the negative electrode of the light emitter 412 that is the side thereof conducts electricity to the second spring 425 .
- the centers of the upper and lower surfaces of the battery 411 serve as the positive electrode of the battery 411 , and the peripheries thereof serve as the negative electrode thereof.
- the positive and negative electrodes are electrically isolated from each other.
- the center of the lower surface of the battery 411 serving as the positive electrode is, as shown in FIG. 38, not meeting the contact 422 .
- the center of the upper surface of the battery 411 serving as the positive electrode is not meeting the lower end of the light emitter 412 serving as the positive electrode thereof. In this state, therefore, the light emitter 412 is not lit and the drive unit 406 is not actuated.
- the light emitter 412 that is a drive acknowledgment device lights up. An operator can acknowledge that the surgical instrument 401 is in operation. When the operation of the surgical instrument 401 is stopped, the light emitter 412 is put out. The operator can therefore acknowledge that the surgical instrument 401 has stopped operating.
- FIG. 40 shows a portion of a surgical instrument in accordance with an eighteenth embodiment.
- This embodiment is nearly identical to the seventeenth embodiment, differing only in that a hand-held portion 404 of surgical instrument 401 a has a switch 431 with a built-in battery 411 and a light-emitting diode (LED) 432 instead of the battery unit 407 .
- the switch 431 has a contact 434 .
- An elastic isolating member 433 is interposed between the contact 434 and the center of the battery 411 serving as the positive electrode thereof.
- the contact 434 is electrically connected to the drive circuit 406 and the negative electrode of the LED 432 , thought it is not shown.
- the center of the lower surface of the battery 411 serving as the positive electrode thereof is electrically connected to the drive circuit 406 and the positive electrode of the LED 432 .
- the contact 434 is normally not in contact with the periphery of the battery 411 serving as the negative electrode thereof due to elastic force exerted from the elastic isolating member 433 .
- the contact 434 is therefore normally electrically floating.
- FIG. 41 shows a surgical instrument in accordance with a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- a surgical instrument 401 b of the present embodiment is comprised of an insertion unit 442 and a hand-held portion 443 .
- the insertion unit 442 is inserted into a body cavity and has a treatment section 441 formed at the distal end thereof.
- the hand-held portion 443 is formed at the proximal end of the insertion unit 442 .
- An oscillator 444 for supplying energy to the treatment section 441 , a motor 446 for rotating an eccentric weight 445 so as to vibrate the hand-held portion 443 , and a battery 447 for supplying power to the motor 446 and oscillator 444 are incorporated in the hand-held portion 443 .
- the output of oscillator 444 is determined by the resistance of a variable resistor 449 , the resistance of which depends on a displacement in a turning direction of a handle 448 mounted on the hand-held portion 443 . Moreover, when the handle 448 is turned towards the distal part of the surgical instrument 401 b opposite to the hand-held portion 443 , the variable resistor 449 becomes nonconducting. This disables power supply from the battery 447 to the motor 446 and oscillator 444 .
- an output of the treatment section 444 is determined with a displacement made by the handle 448 ,
- the hand-held portion 444 is vibrated using the motor 446 according to the output of the treatment section 444 .
- An operator can therefore recognize the output of the treatment section 444 .
- Surgical apparatuses and surgical instruments in accordance with the present invention are not limited to the aforesaid embodiments. A variety of modifications can be made based on the gist of the present invention.
Abstract
A surgical instrument can be disinfected or sterilized, and has a rechargeable secondary battery incorporated therein. A distal treatment section of the surgical instrument is ultrasonically oscillated using the secondary battery as a driving power source and used to perform surgery on a living tissue. Electromagnetic energy generated by an energy generation unit located outside the surgical instrument is received by a reception coil incorporated in the surgical instrument with the surgical instrument held in noncontact with the energy generation unit. The electromagnetic energy is then converted into charging power with which the secondary battery is recharged. Thus, the surgical instrument can be readily recharged while left clean.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/492,711 filed Jan. 27, 2000, entitled SURGICAL APPARATUS PERMITTING RECHARGE BATTERY-DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENT IN NONCONTACT STATE, which claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 11-059271 filed in Japan on Mar. 5, 1999, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-076336 filed in Japan on Mar. 19, 1999, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-080534 filed in Japan on Mar. 24, 1999, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-084350 filed in Japan on Mar. 26, 1999, and Japanese Patent Application No. 11-089393 filed in Japan on Mar. 30, 1999, the contents of which are incorporated by this reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a surgical apparatus making it possible to recharge a secondary battery included in a battery-driven surgical instrument with an energy generation unit such as a recharger and the surgical instrument held in noncontact with each other.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- In recent years, surgical procedures to be performed under endoscopic observation have been developed.
- A surgical instrument in accordance with a related art disclosed in, for example, Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-43501 has a battery incorporated in a handpiece. Moreover, a motor and a treatment instrument are unified, and the motor is powered with the built-in battery.
- According to the related art, the necessity of a power cord that is annoying an operator who manipulates the surgical instrument can be obviated to improve the maneuverability of the surgical instrument. There is a drawback that when electrical energy contained in the battery runs out, treatment cannot be performed any longer.
- To avoid having to replace the battery during surgery it must be done prior to the surgery. However, this is added work, and if the surgical instrument has merely been used at some steps of a surgical procedure, there is a possibility that the battery need not be renewed. Nevertheless, to avoid the trouble of renewing the battery during surgery, the battery is replaced beforehand.
- Moreover, when replacing a battery in a sterilized surgical instrument, the surgical instrument must be handled very carefully for fear it may be contaminated. A nurse or the like is obliged to incur a large burden.
- For overcoming this drawback, a rechargeable battery may be incorporated in the surgical instrument and recharged using a recharger. However, the related art has a drawback that the sterilized surgical instrument must be sterilized again or must be handled carefully so as not to be contaminated during connection of the recharger. Moreover, measures must be taken to maintain the watertightness of the junction between the surgical instrument and recharger.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a surgical apparatus making it possible to recharge a sterilized surgical instrument without risk of contamination.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a surgical apparatus substantially obviating the necessity of renewing a battery during surgery.
- A surgical apparatus according to the invention is comprised of a surgical instrument, an energy generation unit, an energy radiating device, and a charging energy producing device. The surgical instrument has a rechargeable secondary battery and a treatment section to be electrically driven by the secondary battery, and can be disinfected or sterilized. The energy generation unit is located outside the surgical instrument and used to recharge the secondary battery. The energy radiating device included in the energy generation unit radiates energy. The charging energy producing device is incorporated in the surgical instrument, receives energy without the need for the surgical instrument and energy generation unit to be in contact with each other, and produces energy used to recharge the secondary battery.
- Consequently, the secondary battery can be recharged without the sterilized surgical instrument being contaminated. Moreover, the recharge substantially obviates the necessity of renewing the battery during surgery.
- FIG. 1 to FIG. 5B relate to the first embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a surgical system including the first embodiment;
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the surgical system being recharged;
- FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C show the principles of operation for noncontact recharge and the electrical systems of a surgical instrument and a recharger;
- FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C are block diagrams showing examples of the configurations of surgical instruments;
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show the electrical systems of a surgical instrument and a recharger in accordance with a variant;
- FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 relate to the second embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 6 is a sectional diagram showing the configuration of a surgical instrument employed in the second embodiment;
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the electrical system of the surgical instrument;
- FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 relate to the third embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 8 shows the appearance of a surgical system having the third embodiment;
- FIG. 9 shows the configuration of part of the surgical system shown in FIG. 8;
- FIG. 10 to FIG. 12 relate to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 10 shows the appearance of a surgical apparatus in accordance with the fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 11 shows the internal configurations of a surgical instrument and a recharger;
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a recharge receptacle freely attachable or detachable to or from the recharger;
- FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B schematically show a surgical instrument in accordance with the fifth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 14 to FIG. 17 relate to the sixth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 14 shows the appearance of an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the sixth embodiment;
- FIG. 15 details the configuration of the ultrasonic treatment instrument shown in FIG. 14;
- FIG. 16 shows the configuration of an output adjustment mechanism included in the ultrasonic treatment instrument;
- FIG. 17 shows an output adjustment mechanism in accordance with a variant;
- FIG. 18 shows the configuration of an output adjustment mechanism and others included in an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 relate to the eighth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 19 shows the configuration of an output adjustment mechanism included in a high-frequency treatment instrument in accordance with the eighth embodiment;
- FIG. 20 shows the configuration of a strain detection device;
- FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 relate to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 21 shows the appearance of an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 22 shows the configuration of the major portion of the ultrasonic treatment instrument;
- FIG. 23 shows the configuration of the major portion of an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the tenth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 24 shows the configuration of the major portion of an ultrasonic treatment instrument in accordance with the eleventh embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 25 to FIG. 27 relate to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 25 is an oblique view showing the appearance of an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument in accordance with the twelfth embodiment;
- FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram showing the internal configuration of the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument shown in FIG. 25;
- FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument;
- FIG. 28 shows an operation unit for an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument in accordance with the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 29 shows a bipolar coagulator in accordance with the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 30 to FIG. 34 relate to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 30 shows the configuration of a battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument in accordance with the fifteenth embodiment;
- FIG. 31 shows the configuration of a drive circuit shown in FIG. 30;
- FIG. 32 shows the relationship between an amount of energy output from a control circuit shown in FIG. 31 to a drive unit and the frequency of an output sound of a buzzer;
- FIG. 33 shows the first example of a cylinder shown in FIG. 30;
- FIG. 34 shows the second example of the cylinder shown in FIG. 30;
- FIG. 35 shows the configuration of a battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument in accordance with the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 36 to FIG. 39 relate to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 36 shows the configuration of a surgical instrument in accordance with the seventeenth embodiment;
- FIG. 37 shows a conducting state of a battery unit shown in FIG. 36;
- FIG. 38A and FIG. 38B details the configuration of the battery unit shown in FIG. 37;
- FIG. 39 is an explanatory diagram concerning renewal of a battery in the battery unit;
- FIG. 40 shows the major configuration of a surgical instrument in accordance with the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention; and
- FIG. 41 shows the configuration of a surgical instrument in accordance with the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings below.
- (First Embodiment)
- An
surgical system 1 according to the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, is comprised of arecharger 2 and asurgical instrument recharger 2 serves as an energy generation unit and is constructed to generate energy used for recharge and radiate the energy. Thesurgical instrument recharger 2, and a rechargeablesecondary battery 4 is incorporated in thesurgical instrument -
Surgical instrument portion 5 held by an operator and ashaft portion 6 extending out of the hand-heldportion 5. Atreatment section shaft portion 6. - The hand-held
portion 5 has aswitch 8. Theswitch 8 is turned on or off for activating or deactivatingtreatment section -
Recharger 2 has apower cord 11 to be plugged into the mains. Aplug 12 attached to the distal end of thepower cord 11 is fitted into a mains receptacle, whereby alternating electrical energy is supplied from the mains to anoutput circuit 15 via apower switch 14. - The
output circuit 15 converts the alternating electrical energy into, electrical energy of a higher frequency. Theoutput circuit 15 is connected to apower transmission circuit 16 including apower transmission coil 16 a. - The
output circuit 15 may include, as shown in FIG. 3B, apower circuit 15 a, anoscillator circuit 15 b, and anamplifier 15 c. Theoscillator circuit 15 b oscillates with direct voltage produced by thepower circuit 15 a. Direct current is supplied from the power circuit to theamplifier 15 c that amplifies an oscillating signal output from theoscillator circuit 15 b. Thepower transmission coil 16 a included in the power transmission circuit is connected to the output terminal of theamplifier 15 c. - The
oscillator circuit 15 b oscillates at frequencies ranging from, for example, several kilohertz to several megahertz. The (high-frequency signal is amplified by theamplifier 15 c and sent to thepower transmission coil 16 a serving as a power transmitting means. - Then, electromagnetic energy is radiated from the
power transmission coil 16 a to the surroundings. - As shown in FIG. 2, a concave
vial placement section 18 is formed on the top of therecharger 2. Avial 17 in which the cleansurgical instruments vial placement section 18. Thevial 17 can be washed and disinfected (or sterilized). - The body of
recharger 2 having thepower transmission coil 16 a embedded therein, and thevial 17 are made of a material transparent to electromagnetic energy, for example, a glass or a resin such as Teflon. - The
surgical instruments clean vial 17.Secondary batteries 4 in thesurgical instruments recharger 2 by the energy radiated bypower transmission coil 16 a. - Specifically, with
surgical instruments recharger 2 invial 17, electromagnetic energy used for recharge is supplied topower reception units 21, which are incorporated in thesurgical instruments vial 17. - As shown in FIG. 2,
surgical instrument 3A is comprised of thepower reception unit 21, arectification control unit 22, thesecondary battery 4, anenergy conversion unit 23, and thetreatment section 7A. Thepower reception unit 21 receives electromagnetic energy radiated from thepower transmission circuit 16. Therectification control unit 22 converts the electromagnetic energy received by thepower reception unit 21 into direct current and adjusts the voltage to a level suitable for recharging thesecondary battery 4. The battery may be comprised of nickel-hydrogen cells, nickel-copper cells or the like that are rechargeable with an output of therectification control unit 22. - The
energy conversion unit 23 is driven by thesecondary battery 4. Thetreatment section 7A, for example, a knife, may be driven directly by theenergy conversion unit 23 or via theshaft portion 6 serving as a propagation member. - When the
surgical instrument 3A is, for example, an ultrasonic knife, theenergy conversion unit 23 is, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 4A, comprised of anultrasonic generator circuit 23 a and anultrasonic transducer 23 b. - FIG. 1 shows a practical configuration of a surgical instrument such as an ultrasonic knife.
- The
surgical instrument 3A has abattery chamber 31 near the back end of the hand-heldportion 5. Theback end 31 a of thebattery chamber 31 is open, and terminates in a threaded portion which mates with a threadedlid 32. A seal such as anO ring 33 is located in agroove 33 a inlid 32. When thelid 32 is engaged with thebattery chamber 31, the interior of the battery chamber can thus be held watertight. - A
power reception coil 21 a included in thepower reception unit 21 is wound about thebattery chamber 31. Electrical energy induced in thepower reception coil 21 a is input to therectification control unit 22 over a lead 22 a. Therectification control unit 22 adjusts an amount of electrical energy according to voltage suitable for recharging thesecondary battery 4 and supplies the electrical energy to the battery. - The
secondary battery 4 is connected to theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a via theswitch 8. Theultrasonic transducer 23 b is connected to the output terminal of theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a. When an output signal of theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a is applied to theultrasonic transducer 23 b, theultrasonic transducer 23 b oscillates at an ultrasonic frequency. - In FIG. 1, the
power reception coil 21 a,rectification control unit 22, andultrasonic generator circuit 23 a are embedded in an insulating member. - The
front end 24 of theultrasonic transducer 23 b is connected to theshaft portion 6 through anintermediate horn 34. Ultrasonic waves generated by theultrasonic transducer 23 b are amplified by thehorn 34, and propagated into thedistal treatment section 7A by way of theshaft portion 6. - The junction between the front end of the
horn 34 and theshaft portion 6 is shielded with a cover member (armor member) covering the hand-heldportion 5 via aseal member 35 such as a rubber member. The interior of the hand-heldportion 5 is held watertight so that the hand-heldportion 5 can not only be washed with a cleaning solvent but also be disinfected (or sterilized) with a disinfectant (or a sterilant). Moreover, the hand-heldportion 5 resists sterilization to be performed using a sterilization gas. -
Shaft portion 6 may be sealed at the proximal end of thehorn 34 as shown in FIG. 4A. - FIG. 3C shows a practical example of the electrical system of the
surgical instrument 3A. - Specifically, the
power reception coil 21 a has both ends thereof connected to input terminals of arectifier circuit 22 a included in therectification control unit 22. After alternating current is rectified and smoothed, the resultant current is stabilized by a constant-voltage diode 22 b so that constant voltage will be developed at the secondary battery. The constant-voltage diode 22 b is connected to thesecondary battery 4 via ananti-reverse flow diode 22 c. - The
secondary battery 4 has one terminal thereof connected directly to an input terminal of theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a. The other terminal of thesecondary battery 4 is connected to the input terminal of the ultrasonic generator circuit via theswitch 8. Theultrasonic transducer 23 b is connected to the output terminals of theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a. - The
surgical instrument 3B has the same configuration as thesurgical instrument 3A except that theshaft portion 6 thereof is longer than that of thesurgical instrument 3A and that thedistal treatment section 7B thereof is shaped like, for example, a hook. Thesurgical instrument 3B can be disinfected in the same manner as thesurgical instrument 3A. -
Surgical instruments surgical instrument electric cauterizer 3C as shown in FIG. 4B, or may be a motor-driventreatment instrument 3D as shown in FIG. 4C. - As shown in FIG. 4B, the
electric cauterizer 3C has a high-frequency output circuit 23 c in place of the ultrasonic generator circuit included in theultrasonic knife 3A. The high-frequency output circuit 23 c oscillates at a high frequency. An oscillating output of the high-frequency output circuit is amplified and output. The output terminal of the high-frequency output circuit 23 c is connected to the primary winding of anoutput transformer 23 d. A high-frequency output signal is supplied to the secondary winding thereof isolated from the primary winding. - A pair of high-
frequency electrodes output transformer 23 d. A high-frequency output signal is transmitted to thetreatment section 7C is located distally to the high-frequency electrodes. Thetreatment section 7C is brought into contact with a living tissue to be treated, whereby resection or cauterizer can be achieved. - A section of the hand-held
portion 5 from which the high-frequency electrodes member 37. - The motor-driven
treatment instrument 3D shown in FIG. 4C has amotor control unit 23 e in place of theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a included in theultrasonic knife 3A shown in FIG. 4A. Amotor 23 f is driven to rotate with an output signal of themotor control unit 23 e. - A
shaft portion 38 extending from the hand-heldportion 5 is coupled to the axis of rotation of themotor 23 f. Arotary brush 39, for example, may be formed as a treatment section in the distal part of theshaft portion 38. Therotary brush 39 is used to peel off surface tissue or perform any other treatment. - A
seal member 40 such as an O ring is put on a section of the hand-heldportion 5 from which theshaft portion 38 extends, whereby watertightness is maintained. - Operations to be exerted by the first embodiment having the foregoing components will be described below.
- For performing surgery using the
surgical instruments lid 32 is opened in order to stow thesecondary battery 4 in thebattery chamber 31. Thelid 32 is then closed. At this time, thesurgical instruments - The
surgical instruments vial 17 placed on thevial placement section 18 on the top of therecharger 2. Thevial 17 has been washed and disinfected (or sterilized). - The
plug 12 of therecharger 2 is fitted into a mains receptacle, and theswitch 14 is turned on. Consequently, an oscillating signal output from theoscillator circuit 15 b included in theoutput circuit 15 of therecharger 2 shown in FIG. 3B is amplified by theamplifier 15 c, and applied to thepower transmission coil 16 a. An A.C. electromagnetic field is produced around thepower transmission coil 16 a. The electromagnetic field induces A.C. current flow inpower reception coil 21 a. Thus, energy is propagated to thepower reception coil 21 a without the need for a conductive connection with the power transmission coil. - As shown in FIG. 3C, the high-frequency signal produced by the
power reception circuit 21 a is supplied to therectification control unit 22, rectified by therectifier circuit 22 a, and adjusted so that a voltage suitable for recharge will be developed at the secondary battery. The resultant signal is applied to thesecondary battery 4, whereby thesecondary battery 4 is recharged. - When the time required for recharge elapses, surgery can be performed using the
secondary battery 4. An operator picks up, for example, thesurgical instrument 3A from thevial 17, holds the hand-heldportion 5, and presses an On switch of theswitch 8. Driving power is then supplied from thesecondary battery 4 to theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a. Theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a in turn produces oscillations at an ultrasonic frequency. The ultrasonically oscillating output of the ultrasonic generator circuit is applied to theultrasonic transducer 23 b. This causes the ultrasonic transducer to oscillate at the ultrasonic frequency. The ultrasonic waves are propagated to thedistal treatment section 7A by way of theshaft portion 6. This brings thetreatment section 7A into contact with a living tissue. Consequently, resection or any other treatment is carried out. - After use, the
surgical instrument 3A is washed and disinfected (or sterilized), put in thevial 17 again, and recharged. - Owing to the foregoing components, the
secondary battery 4 incorporated in thesurgical instrument 3A is recharged so that thesurgical instrument 3A can be reused repeatedly. Thesurgical instrument 3A or the like must be washed and sterilized prior to every use. Therecharger 2 is unclean. Thevial 17 that has been washed and sterilized in advance is placed on therecharger 2. Thesurgical instrument 3A or the like is then put in thevial 17. Thus, thesurgical instrument 3A or the like that has been sterilized can be recharged without risk of contamination. - If the number of times by which the
secondary battery 4 is recharged reaches a limit due to repeated use, thesecondary battery 4 may be replaced with a new one. - FIGS. 5A and 5B show energy propagating devices.
- Referring to FIG. 5A, a light-emitting device such as a light-emitting diode (LED)16 b is caused to glow using a direct-current power source that is the
power circuit 15 a. Light emitted from theLED 16 b is received by a photoelectric converter such as asolar battery 21 b, whereby electromotive force causing direct current to flow is induced. The electromotive force is applied to thesecondary battery 4 via a control unit comprised of a constant-voltage diode 22 b andanti-reverse flow diode 22 c. - In this case, a light-emitting section of the
recharger 2 above theLED 16 b as well as thevial 17 should be made of a material transparent to light, such as, a glass. Moreover, thesolar battery 21 is embedded in the back end of the surgical instrument, for example, in thelid 32 so that the light-receiving section of thesolar battery 21 will be opposed to the outer surface of the surgical instrument. - Referring to FIG. 5B, the
oscillator circuit 15 b is oscillated using a direct-current source that is thepower circuit 15 a. An oscillating output of the oscillator circuit causes a sound travelling device such as anultrasonic loudspeaker 16 c to output acoustic energy such as ultrasonic energy. Anultrasonic microphone 21 c or the like receives the acoustic energy and converts it into electrical energy. The electrical energy is supplied to thesecondary battery 4 via therectification control unit 22. Thesecondary battery 4 may thus be recharged. - The present embodiment provides advantages described below.
- According to the present embodiment, the
secondary battery 4 incorporated in the battery-drivensurgical instrument 3A or the like is recharged repeatedly. This makes thesurgical instrument 3A or the like reusable many times. Contacts that are electrically coupled to each other are not needed for recharging the battery. The secondary battery can be recharged while held in noncontact with an unclean recharger. Consequently, the secondary battery can be recharged with the surgical instrument left sterilized. - In short, the surgical instrument will not be contaminated but be recharged readily. The recharge work is simplified greatly, and recharge control is simplified.
- Since recharge is thus achieved, the trouble that a battery is exhausted during surgery (electrical energy runs short) and other troubles can be avoided.
- (Second Embodiment)
- Next, the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. The present embodiment is identical to the first embodiment except that a device for indicating that recharge is completed is in the
surgical instrument 3A of the first embodiment. - FIG. 6 shows a
surgical instrument 3E in accordance with this embodiment. Thesurgical instrument 3E will be described in comparison with thesurgical instrument 3A shown in FIG. 1. Namely, instead of therectification control unit 22, a rectificationcontrol judgment unit 42 formed by adding a recharged state judgment block 41 to therectification control unit 22 is included in the hand-heldportion 5. A rechargecompletion indicator LED 43 connected to the rectificationcontrol judgment unit 42 is mounted on the outer surface of the hand-heldportion 5. - FIG. 7 shows the electrical system of the
surgical instrument 3E. As shown in FIG. 7, the output terminals of therectifier circuit 22 a are connected to the positive and negative power terminals of acomparator 41 a included in the recharged state judgment block 41. A constant-voltage diode 22 b is connected to therectifier circuit 22 a via a current limiting resistor R1. - The cathode of the constant-
voltage diode 22 b is connected to the anode of thesecondary battery 4 via a selection switch SW and theanti-reverse flow diode 22 c. - The anode voltage of the
secondary battery 4 is applied to the noninverting input terminal of thecomparator 41 a. A voltage stabilized by the constant-voltage diode 22 b is lowered at resistors R2 and R3. A resultant reference voltage is applied to the inverting input terminal of thecomparator 41 a. - A resistor R4 and a capacitor C are connected to the output terminal of the
comparator 41 a. When the voltage at thesecondary battery 4 exceeds the reference voltage, a voltage applied to charge the capacitor C is used to change the selection switch SW from a contact a to a contact b. Consequently, theLED 43 connected to the contact b is allowed to glow. - Incidentally, the resistances given by the resistors R2 and R3 are determined so that a voltage developed at the
secondary battery 4 will be equal to the reference voltage at the completion of recharge. - Moreover, the selection switch SW is formed with, for example, an analog switch. The selection switch SW is, similarly to the comparator41, powered by the
rectifier circuit 22 a (omitted from FIG. 7 for brevity's sake). The other components are identical to those of the first embodiment. - The present embodiment operates in the same manner as the first embodiment. In addition, when recharging the secondary battery is completed, the fact is detected by checking if the voltage at the secondary battery has exceeded the reference voltage. The contacts of the selection switch SW are then changed to prevent charging current from flowing into the
secondary battery 4. Besides, theLED 43 is allowed to glow (lit). - When the
LED 43 is lit, an operator recognizes that recharging thesurgical instrument 3E has been completed. The operator should use a surgical instrument whoseLED 43 is lit. It can thus be reliably prevented that a battery is exhausted during surgery. - The present embodiment can provide the same advantages as the first embodiment. In addition, by checking if the
LED 43 is lit (or unlit), it can be recognized whether recharging thesecondary battery 4 has been completed. Moreover, excessive recharge can be prevented, thereby lengthening the service life of thesecondary battery 4. - In the present embodiment, a detecting means is included for detecting whether recharge is completed. When completion of recharge is detected, the
LED 43 is lit in order to notify a user of completion of recharge. Alternatively, theLED 43 may be lit during recharge. When recharge is completed, theLED 43 may be put out. Whether recharge is in progress or completed may thus be notified. - For charging indication, the anode of the
LED 43 shown in FIG. 7 is connected together with the anode of thediode 22 c to the contact a of the selection switch SW. When recharge is in progress, a dedicated LED may be lit. When recharge is completed, theLED 43 for emitting light whose wavelengths are different from those of light emitted from the LED may be lit. Whether recharge is in progress or completed may thus be notified. - In this case, the
LED 43 shown in FIG. 7 is realized with an LED that glows in green. To indicate charging, the cathode and anode of another LED that glows in red are connected to the cathode of theLED 43 and the contact a of the selection switch SW that are shown in FIG. 7. - (Third Embodiment)
- A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9.
- FIG. 8 shows a tray-like
surgical system 51. Thesurgical system 51 consists of arecharger 52, acart 53 on which therecharger 52 is placed, asterilization tray 54 placed on therecharger 52. One or more battery-drivensurgical instruments 55 may be placed in thesterilization tray 54, along with ordinarysurgical instruments 56. - A
cord 11 is extended from therecharger 52, and aplug 12 is attached to the distal end of thecord 11. - The
recharger 52 has the same components as that in the first embodiment. Thepower transmission circuit 16 is, as shown in FIG. 9, included for supplying energy to thepower reception units 21 incorporated in the battery-drivensurgical instruments 55 placed on therecharger 52. At this time, thepower transmission circuit 16 is in noncontact with thepower reception units 21. Energy received by thepower reception unit 21 is supplied to thesecondary battery 4 via therectification control unit 22. Thesecondary battery 4 is thus recharged. - When the surgical system is of the tray type, the
surgical instruments 55 can be freely oriented in any direction. Aweight 57 is therefore incorporated in each battery-drivensurgical instrument 55, so that thepower transmission circuit 16 andpower reception unit 21 will be oriented so properly as to efficiently transmit energy. For example, when thepower transmission circuit 16 andpower reception unit 21 are formed with coils, they are oriented so that the axial directions of the coils will be parallel to each other. Thus, energy generated by the coil of thepower transmission circuit 16 can be received efficiently by the coil of thepower reception unit 21. - According to the third embodiment, the
surgical instruments 55 oriented freely are put in thelarge sterilization tray 54. Nevertheless, the surgical instruments are recharged reliably. - Similarly to the second embodiment, when recharging the
secondary battery 4 is completed, charging current may be prevented from flowing into thesecondary battery 4. TheLED 43 or the like maybe used to notify a user of the completion of recharge. - (Fourth Embodiment)
- Next, the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 10 to FIG. 12.
- FIG. 10 shows a rechargeable ultrasonic coagulation/
incision apparatus 61 comprised of arecharger 62 and an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 63 having a built-in secondary battery 4 (see FIG. 11). - The
recharger 62 has receptacle attachment/detachment recesses 62 a (see FIG. 12) which receive recharge receptacles. The receptacles are removable for washing and sterilization. - Prior to surgery, the ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 63 andrecharge receptacles 64 are sterilized. For use, therecharge receptacles 64 are mounted in therecharger 62, and the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 63 is inserted. - As shown in FIG. 11, the
recharger 62 has, for example, aprimary coil 67 as thepower transmission circuit 16. A secondary coil 68 (serving as the power reception unit 21) is placed inside ahousing 69 of the hand-heldportion 5 of the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 63. Energy is propagated to thesecondary coil 68 due to electromagnetic induction. The energy is converted into a voltage suitable for recharge by means of therectification control unit 22 connected to thesecondary coil 68, and then applied to thesecondary battery 4. Thesecondary battery 4 is thus recharged. - The recharge receptacles64 are made of a resin such as Teflon or a ceramic that is resistant to disinfection and sterilization. The recharge receptacles 64 are electrically insulated. Although each
recharge receptacle 64 is interposed between theprimary coil 67 andsecondary coil 68, electromagnetic energy induced in theprimary coil 67 can be propagated to thesecondary coil 68. - The
secondary battery 4 is connected to theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a via a switch (not shown). When the switch is turned on, an oscillating output of theultrasonic generator circuit 23 a is applied to theultrasonic transducer 23 b. Ultrasonic waves generated from theultrasonic transducer 23 b are propagated to thedistal treatment section 7B via thehorn 34 andaxial portion 6, and cause thedistal treatment section 7B to oscillate at an ultrasonic frequency. - According to the fourth embodiment, each
recharge receptacle 64 is interposed between theprimary coil 67 andsecondary coil 68. Consequently, recharge can be achieved with the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument left sterilized. - (Fifth Embodiment)
- The fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 13A. FIG. 13A shows a battery-driven
treatment instrument 71 to be employed in endoscopic surgery. The battery-driventreatment instrument 71 is comprised of anoperation unit 72 and aninsertion unit 73. Asecondary battery 74 extends through theoperation unit 72 andinsertion unit 73. - FIG. 13B shows another battery-driven
treatment instrument 71′ to be employed in endoscopic surgery. A differently-shapedsecondary battery 75 extends through theoperation unit 72 andinsertion unit 73. Thepower reception unit 21 employed in, for example, the first embodiment is incorporated in the operation unit 72 (not shown). - An advantage of the fifth embodiment is that the relatively heavy
secondary battery insertion unit 73 andoperation unit 72, the treatment instrument is well balanced and easy to use. - As mentioned previously, according to the first to fifth embodiments, a secondary battery in a surgical instrument can be recharged while held in noncontact with an energy generation unit. In other words, the secondary battery can be recharged with the sterilized surgical instrument left uncontaminated. Moreover, the necessity of renewing a battery during surgery can be substantially obviated.
- In the embodiments of surgical instruments described below, it will be understood that charging units as described in connection with the first through fifth embodiments may be employed, and further description will be omitted.
- Several embodiments will not be described in which treatment energy output from a treatment section can be adjusted readily and quickly, and an amount of energy output to the treatment section can be adjusted to facilitate delicate or precise treatment.
- (Sixth Embodiment)
- As shown in FIG. 14, an
ultrasonic treatment instrument 81A that is a motor-driven surgical instrument is comprised of anelongated insertion unit 82 to be inserted into a body cavity and anoperating unit 83 formed at the back end of theinsertion unit 82. The operatingunit 83 is hand-held for manipulating theultrasonic treatment instrument 81A. The operatingunit 83 includes ahandle portion 84 and amovable manipulation lever 85. - As shown in FIG. 15, the
ultrasonic treatment instrument 81A has anultrasonic transducer 82 located in ahousing 91 ofoperating unit 83. Theultrasonic transducer 92 oscillates at an ultrasonic frequency in response to a driving signal sent from atransducer drive unit 93. - Ultrasonic waves (driving force) generated by the
ultrasonic transducer 92 are propagated to anultrasonic treatment section 97 via ahorn 94 and anultrasonic propagation rod 96. Theultrasonic propagation rod 96 is linked to thehorn 94 and run through ahollow sheath 95 which forms an insertion unit. Theultrasonic treatment section 97 is formed by the distal part of the ultrasonic propagation rod 96 (extending out of the distal end of the sheath 95). Theultrasonic treatment section 97 may be in contact, for example, with a lesion. The lesion is ultrasonically heated and incised or coagulated by utilizing the ultrasonic waves. - The junction between the
horn 94 andultrasonic propagation rod 96 is sealed using asealing O ring 98. Thus, the interior of the treatment instrument behind thehorn 94 is held watertight. - The
transducer drive unit 93 is comprised of anelectrical oscillator circuit 101 and a gain control amplifier (GCA) 102. Thegain control amplifier 102 amplifies an output of theoscillator circuit 101 at a variable amplification factor (or by a variable gain). Acontrol circuit 103 varies the gain produced by theGCA 102. The oscillating output amplified by the gain by theGCA 102 is applied to theultrasonic transducer 92. - The
ultrasonic transducer 92 is formed, for example, by a bolted Langevin transducer having piezoelectric ceramics layered. - A
battery 104 is positioned in a battery chamber in the lowermost area inside thehandle portion 84. - The
battery 104 supplies operating power to thecontrol circuit 103 via a power switch (not shown). Power is supplied from thebattery 104 to thetransducer drive unit 93 via aswitch 113. - The open end of the battery chamber is blocked with a
lid 105. When thelid 105 is moved downward, thebattery 104 can be replaced with a new one. A seal member such as anO ring 106 is put on the open end and abutting on thelid 105, whereby the interior of thehandle portion 84 is held watertight. - According to the present embodiment, the
manipulation lever 85 is movable. Anoutput adjustment mechanism 111 cooperates withcontrol circuit 103 to adjust ultrasonic treatment energy generated byultrasonic treatment section 97 according to the magnitude of movement ofmanipulation lever 85. - Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, the
manipulation lever 85 has apin 112 piercing the proximal end thereof. Thepin 112 is fitted in aguide groove 113 in the body of operatingunit 83 and movable longitudinally therein. - As shown in FIG. 15, the portion of the
housing 91 in which theguide groove 113 is bored is made thicker. - An
arm 114 projects from near the center position in a longitudinal direction of themanipulation lever 85 towards thehandle portion 84. Themanipulation lever 85 is pulled towards thehandle portion 84, e.g., by a finger put on themanipulation lever 85. This causes acylinder 115 to move in a direction parallel to a longitudinal direction of the guide groove 113 (direction of arrow A in FIG. 16). Thecylinder 115 is attached to the distal end of thearm 114 on the side of the handle portion. - The
housing 91 of thehandle portion 84 has a cylinder fitting hole into which thecylinder 115 is fitted. AnO ring 116 on the perimeter of the cylinder fitting hole, provides a watertight seal. - A
piston 118 based by acompression spring 112 extends out ofcylinder 115. Apiezoelectric switch 119 is attached to the extending portion ofpiston 118. - As shown in FIG. 16, the
piezoelectric switch 119 has, for example, fourpiezoelectric elements control circuit 103 through electrodes, which are not shown, formed on both sides of the piezoelectric element. - Each the four
piezoelectric elements 120 a to 120 d has a different sensitivity to applied force. For example, thepiezoelectric element 120 a has the highest sensitivity, and thepiezoelectric element 120 b has the second highest sensitivity. Thepiezoelectric element 120 c has the third highest sensitivity, and thepiezoelectric element 120 d has the lowest sensitivity. When thepiezoelectric switch 119 is pressed with feeble force exerted by thespring 117, even the most sensitivepiezoelectric element 120 a will not generate any voltage. - Outputs (voltages) from the
piezoelectric elements 120 a to 120 d are input to fourcomparators control circuit 103, and compared with a reference voltage that has undergone voltage drops caused by, for example, resistors R1 and R2. Outputs of the fourcomparators 121 a to 121 d are input to adecoder 122. Thedecoder 122 decodes the four outputs, produces a gain control signal whose level is proportional to the applied force, and provides the signal to the gain control terminal of theGCA 102. - The
GCA 102 amplifies an input signal by a gain proportional to the voltage level of the gain control signal applied to the gain control terminal, and outputs the resultant signal. An output signal of theoscillator circuit 101 input to theGCA 102 is amplified by a gain proportional to the voltage level of the gain control signal applied to the gain control terminal of theGCA 102, and then applied to theultrasonic transducer 92. - The output of the
comparator 121 a is also used to control whether ananalog switch 123 is turned on or off. Theanalog switch 123 is connected in series with the power switch (not shown), and interposed between thesecondary battery 104 and the power terminal of thetransducer drive unit 93. When themanipulation lever 85 is manipulated to the extent that the threshold force forpiezoelectric element 120 a is exceeded, an output from the mostsensitive comparator 121 a is driven high, driving power is supplied from thesecondary battery 104 to theoscillator circuit 101 andGCA 102. - In other words, according to the present embodiment, when the power switch is manipulated, power is supplied from the
secondary battery 104 to thecontrol circuit 103 andanalog switch 123. Power is supplied to thetransducer drive unit 93 only when themanipulation lever 85 is moved to such an extent that the output from thecomparator 121 a assumes a certain voltage level or more. This is intended to save electrical energy to be consumed by thetransducer drive unit 93 when themanipulation lever 85 remains unmoved. - Operations to be exerted by the
ultrasonic treatment instrument 81A of the sixth embodiment having the foregoing components will be described below. - Assume that, for example, the ultrasonic treatment instrument is inserted into the abdominal cavity for resetting a lesion or performing surgery to arrest bleeding. In this case, an endoscope (not shown) is inserted into the abdominal cavity using a trocar and cannula so that a lesion can be observed, and the
ultrasonic treatment 81A is inserted while guided with the trocar and cannula. - When it becomes possible to observe the lesion and the distal part of the
ultrasonic treatment instrument 81A using the endoscope, the power switch of theultrasonic treatment instrument 81A is turned on to actuate thecontrol circuit 103. Thedistal treatment section 97 of theinsertion unit 82 is abutted against the lesion. In this state, thehandle portion 84 of theoperation unit 83 is held with a hand, and a finger is rested on the finger rest of themanipulation lever 85. Themanipulation lever 85 is then pulled towards thehandle portion 84. - When the
piston 118 is left pressed against thepiezoelectric switch 119 due to elastic force exerted by thespring 117, pressing force is applied to the fourpiezoelectric elements 120 a to 120 d constituting thepiezoelectric switch 119. The pressing force is proportional to manipulating force with which themanipulation lever 85 is pulled towards thehandle portion 84. - When voltage generated by the most sensitive
piezoelectric element 120 a exceeds a reference level due to the pressing force, an output of thecomparator 121 a is driven high and theswitch 123 is turned on. Consequently, power is supplied to thetransducer drive unit 93. - The
oscillator circuit 101 then oscillates. An oscillating output of the oscillator circuit is applied to theultrasonic transducer 92 via theGCA 102. - Assuming that the applied force is small, when voltage generated by the
piezoelectric element 120 a exceeds the reference level, voltages generated by all thepiezoelectric elements 120 a to 120 d have exceeded the reference level. - When the output of the
comparator 121 a alone is driven high, the gain produced by theGCA 102 is small, and the amplitude of a transducer driving signal to be applied to theultrasonic transducer 92 is small. Consequently, the amount of ultrasonic treatment energy output from thetreatment section 97 is small. - Moreover, when the outputs of all the
comparators 121 a to 121 d are driven high, the gain produced by theGCA 102 is the largest and the amplitude of the transducer driving signal to be applied to theultrasonic transducer 92 is the largest. Consequently, the amount of ultrasonic treatment energy output from thetreatment section 97 is large. - Consequently, force with which the
manipulation lever 85 is pulled towards thehandle portion 84 is adjusted so that an amount of ultrasonic output energy suitable for incision can be produced. - For coagulating a bleeding lesion, the force with which the
manipulation lever 85 is pulled towards thehandle portion 84 is adjusted to thus set the amount of ultrasonic treatment output energy to a value proportional to the magnitude of force. Consequently, the lesion to be coagulated can be treated with the ultrasonic treatment energy output from the magnitude suitable for coagulation. - According to the present embodiment, the
manipulation lever 85 is manipulated with a finger of a hand holding theoperation unit 83 of theultrasonic treatment instrument 81A. The output of thedistal treatment section 97 of theinsertion unit 82 can be readily varied nearly proportionally to the manipulating force. An operator can therefore readily set the amount of treatment output energy to his/her desired value. - Moreover, since an amount of energy can be varied with a simple manipulation performed with a hand holding the ultrasonic treatment instrument, a surgical procedure requiring a precise and delicate skill can be carried out smoothly.
- FIG. 17 shows an alternative
output adjustment mechanism 111′. In this variant, an elastic-conductingdevice 126 having conductivity and elasticity is used instead of thepiezoelectric switch 119 shown in FIG. 16. When the elastic-conductingdevice 126 is compressed, its resistance decreases. - The elastic-conducting
device 126 has one end thereof fixed to arestriction plate 127 positioned in the housing and the other end abutted onpiston 118 biased byspring 117. - One of the
electrodes 126 a formed on elastic-conductingdevice 126 is connected to a power terminal Vc (the positive electrode of the secondary battery 104), and theother electrode 126 b is connected to a ground terminal via a resistor R3.Electrode 126 b is also connected to the noninverting output terminals of thecomparators control circuit 103′. - The inverting output terminal of the
comparator 121 a shown in FIG. 16 is grounded via a resistor R1, and the inverting input terminal ofcomparator 121 d is connected to the power terminal via a resistor R2. - In the variant shown in FIG. 17, resistors R4, R5, and R6 are connected, respectively, between the inverting input terminals of the
comparators - The other components are identical to those of the sixth embodiment. Accordingly, in the variant of FIG. 17, when
manipulation lever 85 is pressed, thepiston 118 exerts force, elastic-conductingdevice 126, and the resistance thereof is reduced. Voltage to be applied to the noninverting output terminals of thecomparators 121 a to 121 a increases accordingly. - When the voltage exceeds a reference level determined with voltage applied to the noninverting input terminal of the
comparator 121 a, theswitch 123 is turned on. The outputs of thecomparators 121 a to 121 d are decoded by thedecoder 122. A gain control signal proportional to force with which the elastic-conductingdevice 126 experience is thus applied to theGCA 102. The amplitude of a driving signal used to drive theultrasonic transducer 92 is thus controlled. - Moreover, an amount of treatment energy output from the
treatment section 97 is set to a value proportional to the amplitude of the driving signal. In short, this variant provides substantially the same operations and advantages as the sixth embodiment. In addition, however, it is observed that with a piezoelectric switch, voltages generated by thepiezoelectric elements 120 a to 120 d are likely to be neutralized due to movement of charges made during a specific time interval. For this reason, if the manipulating force applied to lever 85 changes slowly, the generated voltages tend to decrease. This variant of FIG. 17 is not susceptible to this phenomenon. - (Seventh Embodiment)
- An
ultrasonic treatment instrument 81B in accordance with the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 18 has anoutput adjustment mechanism 131 partly different from theoutput adjustment mechanism 111 employed in the sixth embodiment. - An
axis 132 piercing the proximal end of themanipulation lever 85 is fitted in a hole bored in thehousing 91 and thus rotationally supported. Anangle detection device 133 realized with, for example, a potentiometer is attached to the end of theaxis 132 projecting into thehousing 91. - When the
manipulation lever 85 is turned, the potentiometer serving as theangle detection device 133 and coupled to theaxis 132 is rotated. Resistance varies proportionally to the angle of rotation. - Moreover, a
scale plate 134 is attached on the perimeter of theaxis 132 piercing the proximal end of themanipulation lever 85. Apointer 135 is attached to lever 85. An angle of rotation by which theaxis 132 is rotated by moving themanipulation lever 85 is may be thus read from the scaleplate using pointer 135. - A spring136 is interposed between the
manipulation lever 85 and handleportion 84. The spring 136 constrains themanipulation lever 85 to open. Theangle detection device 133 outputs a resistance value or a voltage value, which is proportional to the angle of rotation by which themanipulation lever 85 is turned, to acontrol circuit 137. - The
control circuit 137 sends a signal, of which level is proportional to an output value of theangle detection device 133, to theGCA 102 in thetransducer drive unit 93. Thecontrol circuit 137 includes thecomparator 121 a shown in FIG. 16. When themanipulation lever 85 is turned a little towards thehandle portion 84, if the output value of theangle detection device 133 exceeds a small reference value, power to be supplied to thetransducer drive unit 93 is controlled by turning on or off theswitch 123. - The
secondary battery 104 supplies operating power to thecontrol circuit 137 and to thetransducer drive unit 93 via theswitch 123. - The other components are identical to those of the sixth embodiment.
- The present embodiment exerts the same operations as the sixth embodiment. Specifically, when the
manipulation lever 85 is manipulated, theaxis 132 is rotated by an angle substantially proportional to the magnitude of manipulating force. When the angle of rotation exceeds a reference value, thecontrol circuit 137 turns on theswitch 123 so that power will be supplied to thetransducer drive unit 93. Thecontrol circuit 137 outputs a gain control signal, of which level is proportional to the angle of rotation, to theGCA 102, and thus controls the amplitude of a driving signal, which is used to drive theultrasonic transducer 92, proportionally to the angle of rotation. - Consequently, an amount of treatment energy output from the
treatment section 97 is set to a value nearly proportional to the magnitude of manipulating force with which themanipulation lever 85 is manipulated. - According to the present embodiment, the
manipulation lever 85 is manipulated with a finger of a hand holding the operatingunit 83 of the ultrasonic treatment instrument 81. An output from thedistal treatment section 97 of theinsertion unit 82 can be readily varied nearly proportionally to the manipulating force. Consequently, an operator can readily set the amount of treatment output energy to his/her desired value, and can quickly perform treatment for cure. - Moreover, the amount of treatment output energy can be varied using a hand holding the operating unit. This is helpful in performing a delicate surgical procedure for precise treatment.
- Moreover, according to the present embodiment, an angle of rotation or a magnitude of manipulating force with which the
manipulation lever 85 is manipulated can be discerned from the reading of thescale plate 134. The amount of treatment energy output from thetreatment section 97 can be checked based on the angle of rotation or the magnitude of manipulating force. In short, according to the present embodiment, the variable amount of treatment output energy can be checked from the reading of thescale plate 134 pointed out by thejut 135. - Even in the sixth embodiment, a scale may be formed in a longitudinal direction of the
guide groove 113 so that the position within theguide groove 113 at which thepin 112 piercing the proximal end of themanipulation lever 85 is located can be discerned. - Moreover, the present invention is not limited to the means for discerning the amount of treatment output energy using the
scale plate 134. Alternatively, an indicator formed with an LED or the like maybe used to electrically indicate the amount of treatment output energy. Otherwise, the value of an output (voltage, current, or power) actually applied to theultrasonic transducer 92 may be electrically indicated. - (Eighth Embodiment)
- Next, the eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 19 and FIG. 20. A high-frequency treatment instrument in accordance with the present embodiment is different from that of the sixth embodiment in terms of an output adjustment mechanism.
- A high-
frequency treatment instrument 81C shown in FIG. 19 has anoutput adjustment mechanism 141. Themanipulation lever 85 has the proximal end thereof journaled so that the manipulation lever can pivot freely with an axis ofrotation 142 as a center. Ahemisphere projection 143 is formed near the proximal end of themanipulation lever 85, and astrain detection device 144 is embedded in the projection. Anelastic rubber insert 145 having elasticity is located at a position in thehandle portion 84 at which it is opposed to theprojection 143. Theprojection 143 is formed with an elastic member whose hardness is higher than that of theinsert 145. Force applied to theprojection 143 is conveyed to thestrain detection device 144. - When
lever 85 is manipulated, theprojection 143 abuts againstinsert 145 and presses it. An output proportional to the pressing force is then provided by thestrain detection device 144 to acontrol circuit 146. When theprojection 143 hits insert 145, it is deformed byprojection 143. This permits thelever 85 to pivot with the axis ofrotation 142 as a center. - When a signal from the
strain detection device 144 exceeds a reference level, thecontrol circuit 146 turns on theswitch 123. Also, thecontrol circuit 146 controls a high-frequency treatmentinstrument drive unit 147 according to an output signal proportional to the signal input from thestrain detection device 144. - The high-frequency treatment
instrument drive unit 147 consists of, for example, anoscillator 147 a and aGCA 147 b for amplifying an oscillating output of theoscillator 147 a. Thecontrol circuit 146 varies a gain, which is produced by theGCA 147 b, proportionally to the signal input from thestrain detection device 144, and thus varies an amount of high-frequency treatment energy provided by distal treatment section viaelectrodes GCA 147 b. - FIG. 20 shows the details of the
strain detection device 144. Thestrain detection device 144 consists of, for example, threestrain gages strain detection device 144 outputs a signal, which represents a magnitude of strain proportional to the magnitude of pressing force with which themanipulation lever 85 is pressed, to thecontrol circuit 146. - The other components are identical to those of the sixth embodiment.
- According to the present embodiment, high-frequency power generated by the high-frequency treatment
instrument drive unit 147 is propagated to the distal treatment section over theelectrodes - Even in the present embodiment, an amount of treatment output energy with which high-frequency treatment is carried out can be varied. The treatment output energy is generated by the high-frequency treatment
instrument drive unit 147 according to the manipulating force with which themanipulation lever 85 is turned, and then propagated to the treatment section over theelectrodes - The present embodiment has substantially the same advantages as the sixth embodiment or its variant.
- According to a variant of the present embodiment,
strain detection device 144 may be embedded in theelastic rubber insert 145. In this variant, an output signal of thestrain detection device 144 can readily be provided to thecontrol circuit 146 without need for a signal line laid down in themanipulation lever 85 that is movable. This results in a simpler configuration. - (Ninth Embodiment)
- Next, the ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 21 and FIG. 22.
- As shown in FIG. 21, an
ultrasonic treatment instrument 81D consists mainly of aninsertion unit 152 and anoperating unit 153. Theoperating unit 153 has ahandle portion 154 and amanipulation lever 155. On and Off switches 156 are formed on the top of theoperation unit 153. Anoutput adjustment switch 151 made of a conducting rubber is located at an upper position on thehandle portion 154. - The
output adjustment switch 151 has basically the same structure as the elastic-conductingdevice 126 shown in FIG. 17. When the elastic-conductingdevice 126 is pressed, its electrical resistance varies depends on pressure applied by the thumb of the user. A control circuit 168 (see FIG. 22) detects the resistance in the form of a voltage drop, and varies the amplitude of a transducer driving signal output from thetransducer drive unit 93. - According to the present embodiment, a
distal treatment section 157 of theinsertion unit 152 consists of astationary jaw 158 a and amovable jaw 158 b. Themovable jaw 158 b is coupled to a pulley 161 (see FIG. 22) by way of an operating wire 159 (see FIG. 22) passed through theinsertion unit 152. Thepulley 161 is located near the proximal end of themanipulation lever 155. When themanipulation lever 155 is turned, themovable jaw 158 b pivots with a pin piercing the proximal end thereof as a center. Themovable jaw 158 b thus opens or closes relative to thestationary jaw 158 a. - FIG. 22 shows the details of the
manipulation lever 155 and handleportion 154. Agear 160 and thepulley 161 are located near the proximal end of themanipulation lever 154 so that they can rotate freely with respect to an axis ofrotation 162. Thegear 160 is connected to amotor 164 via agear 163 engaged with thegear 160. Themotor 164 is attached to the axis of rotation of thegear 163. Thegear 163 rotates along with rotation of themotor 164. - Moreover, the back end of the
operation wire 159 is linked to thepulley 161 freely rotational together with thegear 160. When thepulley 161 is rotated, themovable jaw 158 b opens or closes relative to thestationary jaw 158 a. - A
pressure sensor fixture 165 is formed to surround the proximal part of themanipulation lever 154. Thepressure sensor fixture 165 is shaped substantially like letter U, and journaled in, as shown in FIG. 22, an axis ofrotation 166 at the upper end of the pressure sensor fixture.Pressure sensors pressure sensor fixture 165. Thepressure sensors manipulation lever 155. - The
secondary battery 104 supplies power to acontrol circuit 168 and thetransducer drive unit 93 via the On and Off switches 156. - Outputs of the
pressure sensors control circuit 168 and used to control rotation of themotor 164. - To be more specific, when the
pressure sensors control circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 drives and rotates themotor 164 as long as pressure-sensitive outputs are provided. When pressure is not sensed any longer, thecontrol circuit 168 stops driving and rotating themotor 164. - In short, once the
manipulation lever 155 is manipulated, themanipulation lever 155 is electrically driven using themotor 164. Thus, themanipulation lever 155 can be moved with small force. Eventually, themovable jaw 158 b can be opened or closed relative to thestationary jaw 158 a. - The
control circuit 168 inputs a signal stemming from a manipulation performed on theoutput adjustment switch 151, and thus controls the transducer drive unit 93 (gain to be produced by the GCA 102) according to the manipulating force applied to theoutput adjustment switch 151. Assume that power is supplied to thecontrol circuit 168 or the like using theswitch 156. When themanipulation lever 155 is moved slightly in a direction permitting the movable jaw to close (counterclockwise in FIG. 22), the side edge of themanipulation lever 155 presses thepressure sensor 167 a. Thepressure sensor 167 a senses the pressure and supplies an output to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 then drives themotor 164 to help turn themanipulation lever 155 in the close direction via thegears operation wire 159 is thrust forward, whereby the distalmovable jaw 158 b is driven to close. - If the
manipulation lever 155 is moved in the open direction permitting the movable jaw to open (clockwise in FIG. 22), the side edge of themanipulation lever 155 presses thepressure sensor 167 b. The pressure sensor 167 senses the pressure and supplies an output to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 in turn drives themotor 164 to thus help turn themanipulation lever 155 in the open direction via thegears operation wire 159 is wound about thepulley 161 and thus pulled backward, whereby the distalmovable jaw 158 b is driven to open. - When the
output adjustment switch 151 is manipulated, a signal whose level is proportional to a magnitude of pressing force with which theoutput adjustment switch 151 is pressed is input to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 controls the transducer drive unit 93 (a gain to be produced by the GCA 102) according to the magnitude of pressing force. - In the present embodiment, the
manipulation lever 155 can be manipulated in the open or close direction with small force. Moreover, themovable jaw 158 b of thedistal treatment section 157 of theinsertion unit 152 can be opened or closed with small force. - To stop driving the
motor 164, themanipulation lever 155 is moved to an intermediate position at which it contacts neither thepressure sensor 158 a nor thepressure sensor 158 b. - Moreover, the
output adjustment switch 151 may be used to vary an amount of ultrasonic treatment energy output from thetreatment section 157. Thus, the present embodiment has the same advantages as the sixth embodiment. - (Tenth Embodiment)
- Next, the tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 23. The tenth embodiment is identical to the ninth embodiment except that the
movable jaw 158 b is normally open and can be closed with a small manipulating force. - Ultrasonic treatment instrument81E shown in FIG. 23 is comprised of a
pressure sensor fixture 165′ shaped like letter J, andmagnet 171 is attached to themotor 164 having thegear 163. The shaft of the motor 164 (on the side of the motor opposite to the side thereof on which thegear 163 is located) is fitted in a guide groove 172 so that the shaft can be freely moved in horizontal directions. - An
electromagnet 173 is placed on themagnet 171. Theelectromagnet 173 is connected to thecontrol circuit 168. When current is supplied to theelectromagnet 173 under the control of thecontrol circuit 168, magnetic force repulsing themagnet 171 is generated. Consequently, themotor 164 andgear 163 can be moved towards thegear 160 along the guide groove 172. - As long as no current is supplied to the
electromagnet 173, themagnet 171 is, as shown in FIG. 23, attracted to theelectromagnet 173. In this state, thegear 163 is separated from thegear 160. - The other components are identical to those of the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 22.
- When the
manipulation lever 155 is moved a little in the close direction, the side edge of themanipulation lever 155 presses onpressure sensor 167 a. An output of thepressure sensor 167 a is input to thecontrol circuit 168. Electricity is conducted to theelectromagnet 173. The resultant repulsion force causes themagnet 171 andmotor 164 to move along the guide groove 172 towards thegear 160. Consequently, thegears gears motor 164, whereby themanipulation lever 155 is turned in the close direction. - When the side edge of the
manipulation lever 155 does not press thepressure sensor 167 a, thepressure sensor 167 a does not produce an output signal. Accordingly, thecontrol circuit 168 that receives an output of thepressure sensor 167 a stops supplying current to theelectromagnet 173. Themagnet 171 is therefore attracted to theelectromagnet 173. Thegears motor 164 stops rotating. - Moreover, when the
output adjustment switch 151 is manipulated, a signal whose level is proportional to the magnitude of the manipulating force with which theoutput adjustment switch 151 is pressed is input to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 in turn controls the transducer drive unit 93 (a gain to be produced by the GCA 102) according to the magnitude of pressing force. - According to the present embodiment, almost the same advantage as that of the ninth embodiment is provided when the manipulation lever is moved in the close direction.
- (Eleventh Embodiment)
- Next, the eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 24. This embodiment has, in addition to the same components as the ninth embodiment, a limiter means for detecting a manipulation zone in which the
manipulation lever 155 can be manipulated. When the limiter means detects that themanipulation lever 155 has been manipulated beyond the manipulation zone, themotor 164 is stopped driving the manipulation lever. - In other words, the ultrasonic treatment instrument81F shown in FIG. 24 is different from the
ultrasonic treatment instrument 81D shown in FIG. 22 in that limit switches 169 a and 169 b for detecting the limits of the manipulation zone are located outside thepressure sensors - Output signals of the
limit switches control circuit 168. In response to the signal outputs from thelimit switches control circuit 168 gives control to stop rotation of themotor 164. - Specifically, a space between the
limit switches manipulation lever 155 is movable. As long as themanipulation lever 155 is manipulated within the movable zone, thecontrol circuit 168 gives the same control as that mentioned in conjunction with FIG. 22. Whenlever 155 is moved beyond the movable zone, thecontrol circuit 168 stops rotation of themotor 164. - The other components are identical to those of the
ultrasonic treatment instrument 81D shown in FIG. 22. - If the
manipulation lever 155 is moved slightly in the close direction, the side edge of themanipulation lever 155 presses onpressure sensor 167 a. An output of thepressure sensor 167 a is then input to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 in turn drives themotor 164 to help turn the manipulation lever in the close direction via thegears - When the manipulation lever is moved in the open direction opposite to the close direction, the side edge of the
manipulation lever 155 presses thepressure sensor 167 b. An output of thepressure sensor 167 b is input to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 in turn drives themotor 164 to help turn themanipulation lever 155 in the close direction via thegears - The limit switches169 a and 169 b are located outside the
pressure sensor fixture 165. When themanipulation lever 155 is moved in the close direction, the fork portion of thepressure sensor fixture 155 presses thelimit switch 169 a. Thelimit switch 169 a senses the pressure and sends a signal to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 in turn stops rotation of themotor 164. - When the
manipulation lever 155 is moved in the open direction, the fork portion of thepressure sensor fixture 165 presses thelimit switch 169 b. Thelimit switch 169 b then senses the pressure and sends a signal to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 in turn stops rotation of themotor 164. - Moreover, when the
output adjustment switch 151 is manipulated, a signal whose level is proportional to the magnitude of the force with which theoutput adjustment switch 151 is pressed, is provided to thecontrol circuit 168. Thecontrol circuit 168 in turn controls the transducer drive unit 93 (a gain to be produced by the GCA 102) according to the magnitude of the force. - According to the present embodiment, the same advantage as that of the ninth embodiment is provided when the
manipulation lever 155 is moved within the movable zone. When themanipulation lever 155 is manipulated beyond the movable zone, it can be moved electrically. Thus, the manipulation lever can be prevented from being manipulated to an unnecessary extent. - Next, a description will be made of embodiments of a surgical instrument of improved maneuverability in which manipulation of an operating lever or the like turns a power switch on or off.
- (Twelfth Embodiment)
- As shown in FIG. 25, an ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 201 is comprised of aninsertion unit 220, asheath 230, and ahandpiece 250. Theinsertion unit 220 has atreatment section 210. Thesheath 230 is elongated and cylindrical, and serves as a protecting member for protecting theinsertion unit 220. Thehandpiece 250 includes a hand-heldoperating unit 240. The proximal end of thesheath 230 is coupled to theoperating unit 240 so that the proximal end can be uncoupled freely. Anultrasonic transducer 251 for generating ultrasonic waves, adrive circuit 252 for driving theultrasonic transducer 251, and asecondary battery 253 are incorporated in thehandpiece 250. Thebattery 253 can be renewed and serves as a power source for supplying driving power to thedrive circuit 252. The ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument 201 is a battery-powered treatment instrument having the built-inbattery 253 as a driving power source. - As shown in FIG. 26, ultrasonic waves generated by the
ultrasonic transducer 251 in theoperation unit 240 are propagated to adistal jaw 211, which is shaped like a bar, over apropagation rod 211 a. - The
distal treatment section 210 of theinsertion unit 220 consists of thedistal jaw 211 and amovable part 212 adjoining thedistal jaw 211. Themovable part 212 cooperates with thedistal jaw 211 in clamping or freeing a living tissue. The back end of themovable part 212 is supported with adistal coupler 213 so that themovable part 212 can be opened or closed. - As shown in FIG. 25, the distal end of the
sheath 230 opens as anopening 230 having a substantially oval section. Thetreatment section 210 of theinsertion unit 220 projects from theopening 230. Arotary knob 231 is fixed as an integral part to the proximal end of the sheath 230 (end of the operating unit 240). Therotary knob 231 is used to turn themovable part 212 of thetreatment section 210 with respect to the center axis of thedistal jaw 211. Thesheath 230 can be detached from thehandpiece 250. - The
operating unit 240 has an integralstationary handle 255, and a movable manipulation handle 256 movable toward or away from thestationary handle 255. AU-shaped coupling arm 257 is formed at the upper end of themovable manipulation handle 256. The substantially center position in a vertical direction on thecoupling arm 257 is fixed to theoperating unit 240 using ahandle fulcrum pin 257 a so that thecoupling arm 257 can pivot freely. - A
lock member 258 piercing the upper end of thecoupling arm 257 is inserted towards a center-axis direction through awindow 259 bored in the side of theoperation unit 240. Thelock member 258 has alock claw 258 a projected therefrom. Thelock claw 258 a locks adrive shaft 221, which will be described later, included in theinsertion unit 220 within theoperation unit 240 so that thedrive shaft 221 can be unlocked freely (see FIG. 26). - As shown in FIG. 26, the
propagation rod 211 a and thedrive shaft 221 are passed through the portion of theinsertion unit 220 shielded with thesheath 230. Thepropagation rod 211 a has a distal part thereof jutted out as thedistal jaw 211 of thetreatment section 210. Thedrive shaft 221 conveys a clamping or freeing motion, which is made using themovable manipulation handle 256, to themovable part 212 of thetreatment section 210. - The proximal part of the
propagation rod 211 a is unified with theultrasonic transducer 251 within theoperation unit 240. Ultrasonic waves generated by theultrasonic transducer 251 are propagated to thedistal jaw 211 over the propagation rod. Thus, thedistal jaw 211 is used to ultrasonically treat a lesion in a body cavity. - The
drive shaft 221 is an operating member for conveying a clamping or releasing instruction sent from the movable manipulation handle 256 to themovable part 212. Themovable part 212 is journaled in the distal end of thedrive shaft 221 using apin 213 a thrust into thedistal coupler 213. The back end of thedrive shaft 221 is passed through theoperating unit 240 and coupled to themovable manipulation handle 256. - When the movable manipulation handle256 is moved towards the
stationary handle 255, thedrive shaft 221 withdraws and themovable part 212 moves towards thedistal jaw 211. At this time, as the movable manipulation handle 256 is moved in order to close themovable part 212, themovable part 212 is turned to close and meet the distal part of thedistal jaw 211. Themovable part 212 anddistal jaw 211 cooperate with each other in clamping a living tissue such as a blood vessel in a human body. In this state, when theultrasonic transducer 251 is driven, the living tissue clamped by thedistal jaw 211 andmovable part 212 can be treated ultrasonically. - According to the present embodiment, a switch is formed on a side edge of the
stationary handle 255. When the movable manipulation handle 256 is opened or closed relative to thestationary handle 255, the switch is turned on or off. Power is supplied from thebattery 253 to thedrive circuit 252 for driving theultrasonic transducer 251 to propagate of ultrasonic waves from theultrasonic transducer 251 to thedistal jaw 211. - A driving
switch 261 electrically connected to thedrive circuit 252 and turned on or off by opening or closing the movable manipulation handle 256 is formed on the side edge of thestationary handle 255. Alternatively, a drivingswitch 261 to be turned on or off by opening or closing the movable manipulation handle 256 may be formed on the side edge of themovable manipulation handle 256. - The
drive circuit 252 is electrically connected to thebattery 253 andultrasonic transducer 251. Thedrive circuit 252 consists mainly of an oscillator circuit (not shown) for receiving power from thebattery 253 and generating a high-frequency signal, and an amplification circuit (not shown) for amplifying in power the high-frequency signal sent from the oscillator circuit and outputting a driving signal. Thedrive circuit 252 supplies the driving signal output from the amplification circuit to theultrasonic transducer 251 to drive theultrasonic transducer 251. - The
distal jaw 211 andmovable part 212 of thetreatment section 210 are caused to clamp a living tissue by opening or closing themovable manipulation handle 256. The movable manipulation handle 256 turns on the drivingswitch 261 nearly at the same time. Power is then supplied from thebattery 253 to thedrive circuit 252, whereby theultrasonic transducer 251 is driven. Ultrasonic waves generated by theultrasonic transducer 251 are then propagated to thedistal jaw 211, which is the distal part of thepropagation rod 211 a, over thepropagation rod 211. Consequently, the living tissue is coagulated or incised. - When the movable manipulation handle256 of the
operation unit 240 is opened or closed, the driving switch 216 is turned on or off responsively. Treatment can therefore be performed only when needed. Besides, the maneuverability of the treatment instrument improves. - As shown in FIG. 27, in addition to the driving switch216, a
second switch 262 may be formed on theoperation unit 240. After thesecond switch 262 is manually turned on, the movable manipulation handle 256 may be moved to turn on the drivingswitch 261. Thus, when a living tissue must merely be clamped with thedistal jaw 211 andmovable part 212, even if the movable manipulation handle 256 is opened or closed to turn on the drivingswitch 261, neither ultrasonic coagulation nor incision will be carried out. - The present invention will not be limited to this mode. Alternatively, a switch may be formed on an operating unit of an electric cautery or the like for exerting the operation of incision or coagulation for a living tissue using high-frequency heat energy. The operating unit may be manipulated in order to turn on or off the switch.
- Moreover, according to the present embodiment, the treatment instrument is of a battery-powered type that uses a battery as a driving power source to perform various kinds of treatment on a living tissue. The present invention is not limited to this type of treatment instrument. The present invention can also be applied to a treatment instrument in which driving power or a driving signal or the like used to drive the
ultrasonic transducer 251 may be supplied from an external main unit in order to carry out various kinds of treatment. In this case, after a switch formed on, for example, the external main unit is turned on, the movable manipulation handle 256 may be opened or closed to thus turn on or off the drivingswitch 261. - (Thirteenth Embodiment)
- Next, the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 28.
- According to the twelfth embodiment, one
battery 253 is used as a driving power source for supplying driving power to an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument. Power supply from thebattery 253 to thedrive circuit 252 for driving theultrasonic transducer 251 is controlled in order to supply ultrasonic waves from theultrasonic transducer 251 to thedistal jaw 211. In contrast, according to the thirteenth embodiment, at least two replaceable batteries are used as the driving power source to supply power to thedrive circuit 252. The other components are identical to those shown in FIG. 26. The description of the components will therefore be omitted. The same reference numerals will be assigned to the identical components. - As shown in FIG. 28, two
batteries lids drive circuit 252, and capable of being replaced with new ones are incorporated in theoperation unit 240 of an ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument. Thebattery 271 is placed with a positive electrode thereof located on the left side and a negative electrode thereof located on the right side. Thebattery 272 is placed with a negative electrode thereof located on the left side and a positive electrode thereof located on the right side. Thebatteries - Consequently, even when one of the two
batteries battery 271 is removed, driving power can be supplied from thebattery 272 to thedrive circuit 252. - According to the present embodiment, two batteries that can be removed and renewed are used as a driving power source to supply power to the
drive circuit 252. Three or more batteries that can be removed and renewed may be used to supply power to thedrive circuit 252. - (Fourteenth Embodiment)
- Next, the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 29.
- According to the twelfth and thirteenth embodiments, the ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 201 is used to ultrasonically coagulate or incise a living tissue. According to the present embodiment, a bipolar coagulator is used to coagulate a living tissue with high-frequency energy. - As shown in FIG. 29, a bipolar coagulator290 is comprised of a
treatment section 291, a hand-heldportion 292, and ahandpiece 295. Thetreatment section 291 is used to treat a living tissue. The hand-heldportion 292 is located at the proximal end of thetreatment section 291 and is a hand-held operating unit by which to manipulate thetreatment section 291. A high-frequency output circuit 293 for providing high-frequency energy, and abattery 294 serving as a driving power source for driving the high-frequency output circuit 293 and capable of being renewed are incorporated in thehandpiece 295. The bipolar coagulator 290 is a battery-powered treatment instrument having the built-inbattery 294 as the driving power source. - A driving
switch 296 to be turned on or off by holding the hand-heldportion 292 is formed on one side surface of one of two sections of the hand-heldportion 292. The hand-heldportion 292 is held for clamping a living tissue with thetreatment section 291. When the drivingswitch 296 is thus turned on, power is supplied from thebattery 294 to the high-frequency output circuit 293. This causes high-frequency energy, which is used for coagulation, to develop at thetreatment section 291. The clamped living tissue is then coagulated with the high-frequency energy. - When the hand-held
portion 292 is held, the drivingswitch 296 is turned on or off responsively. Coagulation is therefore carried out only when needed. Besides, the maneuverability of the treatment instrument improves. - Similarly to the ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 201 described in conjunction with FIG. 27, in addition to the drivingswitch 296, a second switch (not shown) may be formed on thehandpiece 295. After the second switch is manually turned on, the hand-heldportion 292 may be held to thus turn on the driving switch. In this case, when a living tissue must merely be clamped with thetreatment section 291, even if the hand-heldportion 292 is held to thus turn on the drivingswitch 296, coagulation will not be carried out. - Similarly to the ultrasonic coagulation/incision instrument described in conjunction with FIG. 28, at least two batteries capable of being removed may be used as a driving power source to supply power to the high-
frequency output circuit 293. - According to the present embodiment, the treatment instrument is of a battery-powered type for performing various kinds of treatment on a living tissue using a battery as a driving power source. The present invention is not limited to this type of treatment instrument. The present invention can also be applied to a treatment instrument in which driving power used to drive the high-
frequency output circuit 293 is supplied from an external main unit in order to carry out various kinds of treatment. In this case, for example, after a switch on the external main unit is turned on, the hand-heldportion 292 may be held to thus turn on or off the drivingswitch 296. - Next, a description will be made of a surgical instrument in which an amount of output treatment energy used for treatment is controlled based on a magnitude of holding force with which a hand-held portion is held.
- (Fifteenth Embodiment)
- As shown in FIG. 30, a battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 301 in accordance with the fifteenth embodiment consists mainly of aninsertion unit 302 and anoperation unit 305. Theinsertion unit 302 is inserted into a body cavity. Theoperation unit 305 is formed at the proximal end of theinsertion unit 302 and composed of astationary handle 303 and amovable handle 304. - A
cylinder 306 is placed along an axis of insertion as a proximal part of theoperation unit 305. Asecondary battery 307, adrive circuit 308, and anultrasonic transducer 309 are incorporated in thecylinder 306. Energy to be output from thedrive circuit 308 is supplied from thebattery 307. - A
treatment section 310 is formed at the distal end of theinsertion unit 302, and is comprised of aprobe 311 and amovable part 312. Adrive shaft 313 over which a manipulation performed on themovable handle 304 is conveyed to themovable part 312 extends through theinsertion unit 302. Ahandle 305 is rotatably mounted on apin 315 extending throughstationary handle 303. - The
stationary handle 303 has aforce detection unit 314 for detecting the magnitude of a force to be propagated to thedrive shaft 313. One suitableforce detection unit 314 is realized with an electrical capacitance force detector in which the capacitance is a function of the distance between electrodes thereof. Alternatively, a strain gage formed using a piezoelectric element or the like may be used. - As shown in FIG. 31, the
drive circuit 308 consists of asignal detection unit 319, adrive unit 320, acontrol circuit 321, and abuzzer 322. Thesignal detection unit 319 detects a signal representing the magnitude of the force detected by theforce detection unit 314. Thedrive unit 320 drives theultrasonic transducer 309. Thecontrol circuit 321 controls thedrive unit 320 according to the signal sent from thesignal detection unit 319. - The
control circuit 321 provides a sound signal to thebuzzer 322 according to an amount of energy to be provided to thedrive unit 320. Thebuzzer 322 produces sound whose level is proportional to the voltage level of an output of thedrive unit 320 controlled by thecontrol circuit 321. - The frequency of the signal provided to
buzzer 322 may also vary depending on the amount of output energy. FIG. 32 shows a suitable relationship between the amount of energy output from thecontrol circuit 321 to thedrive unit 320 and the frequency of sound output from thebuzzer 322. - An operator perceives a change in the frequency of sound output from the
buzzer 322 with his/her ears, and thus recognizes a change in the amount of output energy. - Next, a description will be made of operations to be exerted by the battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 301 in accordance with the present embodiment. - When the battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 301 is used to coagulate or incise a living tissue, the living tissue is clamped with theprobe 311 andmovable part 312 of thetreatment section 310 by manipulating themovable handle 304. Theforce detection unit 314 detects the magnitude of clamping force. An output signal of theforce detection unit 314 is transmitted to thedrive circuit 308. Thedrive circuit 308 allows thecontrol circuit 321 to control thedrive unit 320. Consequently, theultrasonic transducer 309 is driven with output energy whose amount depends on the output signal of theforce detection unit 314. - The relationship between a magnitude of force detected by the
force detection unit 314 and the amount of energy output from thedrive circuit 308 will be described below. - Assume that a magnitude of force (no-load force) with which the
operating unit 305 is moved with nothing clamped is FO(N), and a maximum magnitude of force exerted when theoperating unit 305 is gripped is Fmax(N) (constant). When theoperation unit 305 is gripped with the maximum magnitude of force, a maximum set amount of energy output from thedrive circuit 308 shall be Pmax(W) (constant). Assuming that a magnitude of force detected by theforce detection unit 314 when a living tissue is clamped by manipulating theoperation unit 305 is F(N), an amount of energy output from thedrive circuit 308, P(W), is expressed as follows: - P=Pmax×(F−F0)/(Fmax−FO)
- The
ultrasonic transducer 309 is driven with the amount of output energy P(W). - In the battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 301 of the present embodiment, theforce detection unit 314 detects a magnitude of force exerted for manipulating theoperation unit 305 to clamp a tissue. Thecontrol circuit 321 in thedrive circuit 308 controls thedrive unit 320. Theultrasonic transducer 309 is driven with output energy whose amount depends on an output signal of theforce detection unit 314. By manipulating theoperation unit 305, a proper amount of output energy can be applied to a tissue from theultrasonic transducer 309. This obviates the necessity of determining the amount of energy output from theultrasonic transducer 309 while manipulating theoperation unit 305. The maneuverability of the instrument can thus be improved readily and easily. -
Body portion 306 need not be cylindrical. Instead, it may generally box-shaped as shown on FIG. 33. Anindicator 331 composed of LEDs may be formed on the top of thebody 306. An amount of energy output from thedrive circuit 308 and dependent on a magnitude of force detected by theforce detection unit 314 may thus be indicated in the form of a bar. This helps an operator discern an amount of energy indicated with the indicator while performing surgery. - The
indicator 331 indicates a ratio of output power to maximum output power (for example, a maximum output is 300 W) as an amount of energy in the form of a bar. Otherwise, theindicator 331 indicates a ratio of the amplitude of ultrasonic waves to a maximum amplitude in the form of a bar. - Instead of the
indicator 331, adisplay unit 332 composed of numerical indication LEDs may be provided as shown in FIG. 34, formed on the top of thebody 306. In this case, an amount of energy output from thedrive circuit 308 according to a magnitude of force detected by theforce detection unit 314 is indicated numerically. - Even in this case, an operator can discern an amount of energy displayed on the
display unit 332 while performing surgery. Using thedisplay unit 332, output power (in the unit of the watt, for example, a maximum output is 300 W) or the amplitude of ultrasonic waves (a ratio % of the amplitude to a A maximum amplitude) is indicated in the form of a numerical value. - (Sixteenth Embodiment)
- FIG. 35 shows a battery-powered ultrasonic coagulation/
incision instrument 301 in accordance with the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention. - This embodiment differs from the fifteenth embodiment only in that instead of the
force detection unit 314, atorque sensor 341 is, as shown in FIG. 35, embedded in theaxis 315. Torque applied to theaxis 315 is measured. - The
torque sensor 341 is formed with a strain gage. An output signal of thetorque sensor 341 is transmitted as a magnitude of holding force, with which themovable handle 304 is held, to thedrive circuit 308. - The
movable handle 305 is manipulated to clamp a tissue with theprobe 311 andmovable part 312 of thetreatment section 310. Thetorque sensor 341 detects the magnitude of holding force. An output signal fromtorque sensor 341 is transmitted to thedrive circuit 308. Thedrive circuit 308 drives theultrasonic transducer 309 with output energy whose amount depends on the output signal. - Next, a surgical instrument having a means for notifying an operator of a driven state of a treatment section will be described below.
- (Seventeenth Embodiment)
- As shown in FIG. 36, a
surgical instrument 401 in accordance with the seventeenth embodiment is comprised of aninsertion unit 403 and a hand-heldportion 404. Theinsertion unit 403 has aknife section 402, which is a treatment section for incising a tissue, as a distal part thereof. The hand-heldportion 404 is located at the proximal end of theinsertion unit 403. Atransducer 405 for causing theknife section 402 to vibrate, adrive circuit 406 for driving thetransducer 405, and abattery unit 407 extending from the top of the hand-heldportion 404 for supplying power to thedrive circuit 406 are incorporated in the hand-heldportion 404. - The
battery unit 407 consists of abattery 411 formed with a secondary battery utilizing high polymer and serving as a power supplying means, and a light emitter (or LED) 412 serving as a drive acknowledging means. To operate the device shown in FIG. 37, the top of thelight emitter 412 is pushed down to the hand-heldportion 404. This causes thebattery 411 to supply power to thelight emitter 412 and drivecircuit 406. Thelight emitter 412 is then lit. Thedrive circuit 406 drives thetransducer 405. Vibrations generated by thetransducer 405 are then propagated to theknife section 402. - To be more specific, as shown in FIG. 38A, a
contact 422 electrically connected, for example, to a positive electrode of thedrive circuit 406, is formed on the inner bottom of acylindrical screw section 421 of the outer surface of the hand-heldportion 404. As illustrated, afirst spring 423 made of, for example, copper and conducting electricity to the periphery of the lower surface of thebattery 411, constrains thebattery 411 to move upward. Thefirst spring 423 is connected to the negative electrode of thedrive circuit 406, though it is not shown. - The light emitter such as a
miniature bulb 412, is located abovebattery 411 and is linked to the top of thebattery 411 by asecond spring 425. Atransparent cap 424 is screwed to thescrew section 421. Thesecond spring 425 is made of, for example, copper and conducts electricity to the periphery of the top of the battery. The negative electrode of thelight emitter 412 that is the side thereof conducts electricity to thesecond spring 425. - The centers of the upper and lower surfaces of the
battery 411 serve as the positive electrode of thebattery 411, and the peripheries thereof serve as the negative electrode thereof. The positive and negative electrodes are electrically isolated from each other. When the constraining forces exerted from thefirst spring 423 andsecond spring 425 are working, the center of the lower surface of thebattery 411 serving as the positive electrode is, as shown in FIG. 38, not meeting thecontact 422. Similarly, the center of the upper surface of thebattery 411 serving as the positive electrode is not meeting the lower end of thelight emitter 412 serving as the positive electrode thereof. In this state, therefore, thelight emitter 412 is not lit and thedrive unit 406 is not actuated. - When the top of the
transparent cap 424 is pushed down, the constraining forces exerted from the first andsecond springs battery 411 serving as the positive electrode meets thecontact 422. Likewise, the center of the upper surface of thebattery 411 serving as the positive electrode meets the positive electrode of thelight emitter 412. In this state, therefore, thelight emitter 412 is lit and thedrive circuit 406 is actuated. - When the
transparent cap 424 is, as shown in FIG. 39, disengaged from thescrew section 421, thebattery 411 can be renewed. - As mentioned above, according to the present embodiment, when the
surgical instrument 401 having thedrive circuit 406 driven is in operation, thelight emitter 412 that is a drive acknowledgment device lights up. An operator can acknowledge that thesurgical instrument 401 is in operation. When the operation of thesurgical instrument 401 is stopped, thelight emitter 412 is put out. The operator can therefore acknowledge that thesurgical instrument 401 has stopped operating. - (Eighteenth Embodiment)
- FIG. 40 shows a portion of a surgical instrument in accordance with an eighteenth embodiment.
- This embodiment is nearly identical to the seventeenth embodiment, differing only in that a hand-held
portion 404 ofsurgical instrument 401 a has aswitch 431 with a built-inbattery 411 and a light-emitting diode (LED) 432 instead of thebattery unit 407. Theswitch 431 has acontact 434. An elastic isolatingmember 433 is interposed between thecontact 434 and the center of thebattery 411 serving as the positive electrode thereof. Thecontact 434 is electrically connected to thedrive circuit 406 and the negative electrode of theLED 432, thought it is not shown. - The center of the lower surface of the
battery 411 serving as the positive electrode thereof is electrically connected to thedrive circuit 406 and the positive electrode of theLED 432. Thecontact 434 is normally not in contact with the periphery of thebattery 411 serving as the negative electrode thereof due to elastic force exerted from the elastic isolatingmember 433. Thecontact 434 is therefore normally electrically floating. - When compressing force is applied from the top435 of the
switch 431 to the elastic isolatingmember 433, thecontact 434 meets the negative electrode of thebattery 411. Consequently, power is supplied to theLED 432 and drivecircuit 406. When thedrive circuit 406 is actuated, theLED 432 is lit responsively. - (Nineteenth Embodiment)
- FIG. 41 shows a surgical instrument in accordance with a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- As shown in FIG. 41, a
surgical instrument 401 b of the present embodiment is comprised of aninsertion unit 442 and a hand-heldportion 443. Theinsertion unit 442 is inserted into a body cavity and has atreatment section 441 formed at the distal end thereof. The hand-heldportion 443 is formed at the proximal end of theinsertion unit 442. Anoscillator 444 for supplying energy to thetreatment section 441, amotor 446 for rotating aneccentric weight 445 so as to vibrate the hand-heldportion 443, and abattery 447 for supplying power to themotor 446 andoscillator 444 are incorporated in the hand-heldportion 443. - The output of
oscillator 444 is determined by the resistance of avariable resistor 449, the resistance of which depends on a displacement in a turning direction of ahandle 448 mounted on the hand-heldportion 443. Moreover, when thehandle 448 is turned towards the distal part of thesurgical instrument 401 b opposite to the hand-heldportion 443, thevariable resistor 449 becomes nonconducting. This disables power supply from thebattery 447 to themotor 446 andoscillator 444. - As mentioned above, according to the present embodiment, an output of the
treatment section 444 is determined with a displacement made by thehandle 448, The hand-heldportion 444 is vibrated using themotor 446 according to the output of thetreatment section 444. An operator can therefore recognize the output of thetreatment section 444. - Surgical apparatuses and surgical instruments in accordance with the present invention are not limited to the aforesaid embodiments. A variety of modifications can be made based on the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic treatment instrument, comprising:
an ultrasonic transducer which generates ultrasonic waves and a drive circuit therefor;
a battery to supply energy, including to the drive circuit;
a housing incorporating the ultrasonic transducer, the battery and the drive circuit;
a probe having a distal end protruding from the housing and a part that is coupled with the ultrasonic transducer so that the ultrasonic waves are propagated by the probe outside the housing;
a movable member operable by an operator; and
a sensor circuit which detects movement of the movable member, and
wherein the drive circuit is structured to drive the ultrasonic transducer responsive to an output signal of the sensor circuit.
2. An ultrasonic treatment instrument according to claim 1 ,
wherein the sensor circuit is composed of a switch which is actuated by the movement of the movable member.
3. An ultrasonic treatment instrument according to claim 2 , further comprising a second switch for supplying energy from the battery to the drive circuit.
4. An ultrasonic treatment instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor circuit is configured to detect the magnitude of a clamping force generated by the movable member, and to transmit an output signal corresponding to the clamping force to the drive circuit.
5. An ultrasonic treatment instrument according to claim 1 ,
wherein the sensor circuit is configured to detect the magnitude of a torque developed by the movable member, and to transmit an output signal corresponding to the torque to the drive circuit.
6. The ultrasonic treatment instrument of claim 5 , wherein the sensor circuit comprises a torque sensor embedded within an axis of rotation associated with the movable member.
7. The ultrasonic treatment instrument of claim 6 , in which the torque sensor comprises a strain gage.
8. The ultrasonic treatment instrument of claim 1 , in which the sensor circuit comprises an electrical capacitance force detector.
9. The ultrasonic treatment instrument of claim 1 , in which the sensor circuit comprises a piezoelectric element.
10. An ultrasonic treatment instrument, comprising:
an ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves and a drive circuit therefor;
a probe coupled to the ultrasonic transducer and having a portion which is positioned adjacent a movable part;
a movable member which is operable to move the movable part; and
a sensor circuit which detects movement of the movable member and which provides an output to the drive circuit of the ultrasonic transducer.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/728,264 US20040116952A1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2003-12-03 | Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP05927199A JP3746628B2 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 1999-03-05 | Surgical device |
JP11-059271 | 1999-03-05 | ||
JP11076336A JP2000271137A (en) | 1999-03-19 | 1999-03-19 | Medical treatment implement |
JP11-076336 | 1999-03-19 | ||
JP11-080534 | 1999-03-24 | ||
JP11080534A JP2000271142A (en) | 1999-03-24 | 1999-03-24 | Electric-driven medical implement |
JP08435099A JP3989121B2 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 1999-03-26 | Surgical tool |
JP11-084350 | 1999-03-26 | ||
JP11089393A JP2000279424A (en) | 1999-03-30 | 1999-03-30 | Operating implement |
JP11-089393 | 1999-03-30 | ||
US09/492,711 US6666875B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-01-27 | Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state |
US10/728,264 US20040116952A1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2003-12-03 | Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/492,711 Division US6666875B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-01-27 | Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20040116952A1 true US20040116952A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
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ID=29741090
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/492,711 Expired - Fee Related US6666875B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-01-27 | Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state |
US10/728,264 Abandoned US20040116952A1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2003-12-03 | Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/492,711 Expired - Fee Related US6666875B1 (en) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-01-27 | Surgical apparatus permitting recharge of battery-driven surgical instrument in noncontact state |
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US11826047B2 (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2023-11-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising jaw mounts |
US11918217B2 (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2024-03-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising a staple cartridge insertion stop |
US11717312B2 (en) | 2021-10-01 | 2023-08-08 | Covidien Lp | Surgical system including blade visualization markings |
US11877745B2 (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2024-01-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling assembly having longitudinally-repeating staple leg clusters |
US11931028B2 (en) | 2022-02-03 | 2024-03-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument with multiple program responses during a firing motion |
US11931031B2 (en) | 2022-05-27 | 2024-03-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge comprising a deck including an upper surface and a lower surface |
US11931038B2 (en) | 2022-10-03 | 2024-03-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Cartridge assemblies for surgical staplers |
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Owner name: OLYMPUS CORPORATION, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OLYMPUS OPTICAL CO., LTD.;REEL/FRAME:019093/0274 Effective date: 20031014 |
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