US20030120336A1 - Stent with dual support structure - Google Patents
Stent with dual support structure Download PDFInfo
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- US20030120336A1 US20030120336A1 US10/353,353 US35335303A US2003120336A1 US 20030120336 A1 US20030120336 A1 US 20030120336A1 US 35335303 A US35335303 A US 35335303A US 2003120336 A1 US2003120336 A1 US 2003120336A1
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- stent
- cell
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- beams
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91508—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other the meander having a difference in amplitude along the band
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91525—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other within the whole structure different bands showing different meander characteristics, e.g. frequency or amplitude
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91533—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
- A61F2002/91541—Adjacent bands are arranged out of phase
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91558—Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected peak to peak
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
- A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/9155—Adjacent bands being connected to each other
- A61F2002/91566—Adjacent bands being connected to each other connected trough to trough
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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Definitions
- This invention pertains to stents for use in intraluminal applications. More particularly, this invention pertains to a novel structure for such stents.
- Stents are widely used for numerous applications where the stent is placed in the lumen of a patient and expanded. Such stents may be used in coronary or other vasculature, as well as other body lumens.
- stents are cylindrical members.
- the stents expand from reduced diameters to enlarged diameters.
- stents are placed on a balloon catheter with the stent in the reduced-diameter state. So placed, the stent is advanced on the catheter to a placement site. At the site, the balloon is inflated to expand the stent to the enlarged diameter. The balloon is deflated and removed, leaving the enlarged diameter stent in place. So used, such stents are used to expand occluded sites within a patient's vasculature or other lumen.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,373 to Pinchasik et al. teaches a stent with at least two rigid segments joined by a flexible connector.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,516 to Fischell teaches a stent with a cell having a butterfly shape when the stent is in a reduced-diameter state. Upon expansion of the stent, the cell assumes a hexagonal shape.
- the stent In stent design, it is desirable for the stent to be flexible along its longitudinal axis to permit passage of the stent through arcuate segments of a patient's vasculature or other body lumen. Preferably, the stent will have at most minimal longitudinal shrinkage when expanded and will resist compressive forces once expanded.
- an intraluminal stent comprises a reticulated tube having an un-deployed diameter and expandable to an enlarged diameter.
- the tube includes a structural beam extending between first and second ends.
- the structural beam changes from a first geometry to a second geometry when the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter.
- the structural beam includes first and second longitudinal elements each extending at least partially between the first and second ends and with a spacing between the first and second elements. Each of said first and second elements changes from the first geometry to the second geometry when the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter for the spacing to remain substantially unchanged as the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a stent according to the present invention shown in a rest diameter state and showing a plurality of stent cells each having a major axis perpendicular to an axis of the stent;
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the stent of FIG. 1 as it would appear if it were longitudinally split and laid out flat;
- FIG. 3 is the view of FIG. 2 following expansion of the stent to an enlarged diameter
- FIG. 4 is a view taken along line 4 - 4 in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a view taken along line 5 - 5 in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 illustrating a cell structure with material of the stent surrounding adjacent cells shown in phantom lines;
- FIG. 7 is the view of FIG. 2 showing an alternative embodiment of the present invention with a cell having five peaks per longitudinal segment;
- FIG. 8 is the view of FIG. 2 showing an alternative embodiment of the present invention with a major axis of the cell being parallel to an axis of the stent;
- FIG. 9 is the view of FIG. 5 following expansion of the stent to an enlarged diameter
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of a first prior art stent as it would appear if it were longitudinally split and laid out flat;
- FIG. 11 is the view of FIG. 10 with the stent modified for support beams to include parallel, spaced elements in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 12 is a plan view of a second prior art stent as it would appear if it were longitudinally split and laid out flat;
- FIG. 13 is the view of FIG. 12 with the stent modified for support beams to include parallel, spaced elements in accordance with the present invention.
- the present invention is directed to a novel support beam for an expandable stent.
- the support beam is applicable to a wide variety of stent designs.
- the support beam will be used as a longitudinal segment in a stent as described in the aforementioned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/049,486 filed Mar. 27, 1998, entitled “STENT” and naming Paul J. Thompson as sole inventor. Therefore, such a stent will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 .
- the use of the novel beam will be described in use with other stent designs (i.e., those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,373 to Pinchasik et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,516 to Fischell) to illustrate the broad range of applicability of the novel support beam to a wide range of other stent designs.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a stent 10 having a rest length L r and an un-deployed or reduced diameter D r .
- the stent 10 is of the design shown in the aforementioned U.S. patent application.
- the slot of the novel beam construction, as will be described, is not shown in FIG. 1.
- locations A, B, C, D and E are shown severed from their normally integrally formed locations A 1 , B 1 , C 1 , D 1 and E 1 .
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged portion of the view of FIG. 2 to better illustrate a cell structure as will be described.
- the stent 10 is a reticulated, hollow tube.
- the stent 10 may be expanded from the rest diameter D r (and corresponding rest circumference C r ) to an expanded or enlarged diameter.
- FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 (i.e., illustrating the expanded stent 10 as it would appear if longitudinally split and laid flat). Since FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional representation, the enlarged diameter is not shown. However, the enlarged circumference C e is shown as well as a length L e following expansion. The expanded diameter is equal to C e / ⁇ .
- length L e is preferably not more than minimally smaller (e.g., less than 10% smaller) than length L r . Ideally, L e equals L r .
- the material of the stent 10 defines a plurality of cells 12 .
- the cells 12 are bounded areas which are open (i.e., extend through the wall thickness of the stent 10 ).
- the stent 10 may be formed through any suitable means including laser or chemical milling. In such processes, a hollow cylindrical tube is milled to remove material and form the open cells 12 .
- the cells 12 have a longitudinal or major axis X M -X M and a transverse or minor axis X m -X m .
- the major axis X M -X M is perpendicular to the longitudinal cylindrical axis X-X of the stent 10 .
- the major axis X M ′-X M ′ is parallel to the longitudinal cylindrical axis X′-X′ of the stent 10 ′.
- the cell 12 is symmetrical about axes X M -X M and X m -X m .
- the cell 12 is defined by portions of the tube material including first and second longitudinal segments or support beams 14 .
- the beams 14 each have a longitudinal axis X a -X a (shown in FIG. 6).
- the beams' longitudinal axes X a -X a are parallel to and positioned on opposite sides of the cell major axis X M -X M .
- each of longitudinal beams 14 has an undulating pattern to define a plurality of peaks 17 , 21 , 25 and valleys 19 , 23 .
- the peaks 17 , 21 , 25 are spaced outwardly from the longitudinal axes X a -X a and the valleys 19 , 23 are spaced inwardly from the longitudinal axes X a -X a .
- “inward” and “outward” mean toward and away from, respectively, the cell's major axis X M -X M .
- Each of the peaks 17 , 21 , 25 and valleys 19 , 23 is a generally semi-circular arcuate segment.
- the peaks 17 , 21 , 25 and valleys 19 , 23 are joined by parallel and spaced-apart straight segments 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 and 26 which extend perpendicular to the major axis X M -X M .
- Linearly aligned straight end portions 16 , 26 of opposing segments 14 are joined at first and second longitudinal connection locations 27 spaced apart on the major axis X M -X M .
- First and second transverse connection locations 28 are spaced apart on the minor axis X m -X m .
- the first and second transverse connection locations 28 are positioned at the apices of the center peaks 21 of the longitudinal beams 14 .
- Slots 30 are formed through the complete thickness of each of the beams 14 .
- the slots 30 extend between first and second ends 31 , 32 .
- the first ends. 31 are adjacent the longitudinal connection locations 27 .
- the second ends 32 are adjacent the transverse connection locations 28 .
- the slots 30 divide the beams 14 into first and second parallel elements 14 1 , 14 2 .
- the beams 14 have uniform cross-sectional dimensions throughout their length as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the width W and thickness T of the straight line segments 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 and 26 are about 0.0065 inch (about 0.16 mm) and about 0.0057 inch (about 0.14 mm), respectively.
- the width W includes the widths (each of equal width) of the two elements 14 1 , 14 2 plus the width W S of the slot 30 .
- the width W S is in the range of 0.001 to 0.0025 inch.
- the width W S is less than 0.005 inch.
- the width W′ (FIG. 5) at the apices of the peaks 17 , 21 , 25 and valleys 19 , 23 is narrower than width W (in the example given, narrow width W′ is about 0.0055 inch or about 0.13 mm).
- the width of the peaks 17 , 21 , 25 and valleys 19 , 23 gradually increases from width W′ at the apices to width W at the straight segments 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 and 26 .
- the width W c (shown in FIG. 2) is preferably equal to or less than the common width W.
- the width W S of slot 30 remains constant throughout its length.
- the combined lengths of segments 16 - 20 to the apex of peak 21 represent a path length 50 from longitudinal connection location 27 to transverse connection location 28 .
- the combined lengths of the other arcuate and straight segments 22 - 26 to the apex of peak 21 represent identical length path lengths 51 of identical geometry from longitudinal connection locations 27 to transverse connection locations 28 .
- Each of the path lengths 50 , 51 is longer than a straight-line distance between the transverse and longitudinal connection locations 27 , 28 .
- the straight-line distance between the transverse and longitudinal connection locations 27 , 28 increases as the diameter of the stent 10 is expanded.
- the path lengths 50 , 51 are sized to be not less than the expanded straight-line distance.
- the stent 10 includes a plurality of identical cells 12 . Opposite edges of the segments 14 define obliquely adjacent cells (such as cells 12 1 , 12 2 in FIG. 2). Cells 12 having major axes X M -X M collinear with the major axis X M -X M of cell 12 are interconnected at the longitudinal connection locations 27 . Cells having minor axes collinear with the minor axis X m -X m of cell 12 are interconnected at the transverse connection locations 28 .
- the stent 10 in the reduced diameter of FIG. 1 is advanced to a site in a lumen.
- the stent 10 is then expanded at the site.
- the stent 10 may be expanded through any conventional means.
- the stent 10 in the reduced diameter may be placed on the balloon tip of a catheter.
- the balloon is expanded to generate radial forces on the interior of the stent 10 .
- the radial forces urge the stent 10 to radially expand without appreciable longitudinal expansion or contraction.
- Plastic deformation of the material of the stent 10 e.g., stainless steel
- the stent 10 may be formed of a super-elastic or shape memory material (such as nitinol—a well-known stent material which is an alloy of nickel and titanium).
- each of the elements 14 1 , 14 2 similarly changes in geometry so that. At all times, the elements 14 1 , 14 2 are mutually parallel and separated by spacing 30 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates the straightening of the path lengths 50 , 51 .
- the stent 10 has been only partially expanded to an expanded diameter less than a maximum expanded diameter.
- the path lengths 50 , 51 are fully straight. Further expansion of the stent 10 beyond the maximum expanded size would result in narrowing of the minor axis X m -X m (i.e., a narrowing of a separation between the transverse connection locations and a resulting narrowing of the length L r of the stent) or would require stretching and thinning of the stent material.
- the geometry of the beams 14 changes during expansion, the geometry of the first and second elements 14 1 , 14 2 similarly changes so that the elements 14 1 , 14 2 remain in mutually parallel relation both before and after expansion.
- the term “mutually parallel” means the spacing 30 between the elements 14 1 , 14 2 is substantially constant throughout the length of the elements 14 1 , 14 2 .
- the elements 14 1 , 14 2 and beam 14 may be curved or straight throughout their lengths.
- the cells 12 assume a diamond shape shown in FIG. 3. Since the expansion forces are radial, the length of the major axis X M -X M (i.e., the distance between the longitudinal connection locations 27 ) increases. The length of the minor axis X m -X m (and hence the length of the stent 10 ) remains unchanged.
- the stent 10 is highly flexible. To advance to a site, the axis X-X of the stent 10 must bend to navigate through a curved lumen. Further, for placement at a curved site in a lumen, the stent 10 must be sufficiently flexible to retain a curved shape following expansion and to bend as the lumen bends over time. The stent 10 , as described above, achieves these objections.
- the stent 10 When bending on its axis X-X, the stent 10 tends to axially compress on the inside of the bend and axially expand on the outside of the bend.
- the present design permits such axial expansion and contraction.
- the novel cell geometry 12 results in an accordion-like structure which is highly flexible before and after radial expansion. Further, the diamond shape of the cells 12 after radial expansion resists constricting forces otherwise tending to collapse the stent 10 .
- the dual support structure of the elements separated by the slots increases flexibility without reducing resistance to compression forces. Further, during expansion and during flexing of the stent on its axis, the use of parallel, spaced elements 14 1 , 14 2 results in lower stress levels than would be experienced by a solid beam.
- the stent 10 may be lined with either an inner or outer sleeve (such as polyester fabric or ePTFE) for tissue growth.
- the stent may be coated with radiopaque coatings such as platinum, gold, tungsten or tantalum.
- the stent may be formed of any one of a wide variety of previous known materials including, without limitation, MP35N, tantalum, platinum, gold, Elgiloy and Phynox.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a stent 10 ′′ with a cell 12 ′′ having five peaks 117 ′′, 17 ′′, 21 ′′, 25 ′′ and 125 ′′ per longitudinal segment 14 ′′.
- the longitudinal segment will have an odd number of peaks so that the transverse connection points are at an apex of a center peak. In FIG. 7, no slot is shown in the beams 14 ′′ for ease of illustration.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate an alternative embodiment where the major axis X M ′-X M ′ of the cells 12 ′ are parallel with the cylindrical axis X′-X′ of the stent 10 ′.
- the expanded stent 10 ′ is shown at a near fully expanded state where the path lengths 50 ′, 51 ′ are substantially linear.
- no slots are shown in the beams 14 ′ for ease of illustration.
- FIG. 10 is a stent 10 a as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,373 to Pinchasik et al.
- FIG. 12 is a stent 10 b as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,516 to Fischell.
- Stent 10 a is shown flat as if longitudinally split at locations Aa-Aa 1 through Pa-Pa 1 .
- Stent 10 b is shown flat as if longitudinally split at locations Ab-Ab 1 through Eb-Eb 1 .
- Both of the designs of FIGS. 10 and 12 include solid structural beams 14 a , 14 b .
- Beams 14 a are curved when the stent 10 a is in a reduced diameter state.
- the beams 14 a cooperate to define cells 12 a.
- the curved beams 14 a straighten when the stent 10 a expands.
- the beams 14 b are straight and cooperate to define a butterfly-shaped cell 12 b .
- the beams 14 b remain straight but pivot for the cell 12 b to assume a hexagon shape upon expansion.
- the dual support structure aspect of the present invention is applicable to prior art stents such as those shown in FIGS. 10 and 12.
- FIGS. 11 and 13 show the prior art stents of FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively, modified according to the dual support structure aspect of the present invention.
- beams 14 a ′, 14 b ′ are provided with slots 30 a , 30 b to divide the beams into parallel, spaced first and second elements 14 a 1 ′, 14 a 2 ′ and 14 b 1 ′, 14 b 2 ′ having the benefits previously described.
Abstract
A intraluminal stent comprises a reticulated tube having an un-deployed diameter and expandable to an enlarged diameter. The tube includes a structural beam extending between first and second ends. The structural beam changes from a first geometry to a second geometry when the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter. The structural beam includes first and second longitudinal elements each extending at least partially between the first and second ends and with a spacing between the first and second elements. Each of said first and second elements changes from the first geometry to the second geometry when the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter for the spacing to remain substantially unchanged as the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter.
Description
- The present application is a continuation-in-part of copending and commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/049,486 filed Mar. 27, 1998, entitled “STENT” and naming Paul J. Thompson as sole inventor.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention pertains to stents for use in intraluminal applications. More particularly, this invention pertains to a novel structure for such stents.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- Stents are widely used for numerous applications where the stent is placed in the lumen of a patient and expanded. Such stents may be used in coronary or other vasculature, as well as other body lumens.
- Commonly, stents are cylindrical members. The stents expand from reduced diameters to enlarged diameters. Frequently, such stents are placed on a balloon catheter with the stent in the reduced-diameter state. So placed, the stent is advanced on the catheter to a placement site. At the site, the balloon is inflated to expand the stent to the enlarged diameter. The balloon is deflated and removed, leaving the enlarged diameter stent in place. So used, such stents are used to expand occluded sites within a patient's vasculature or other lumen.
- Examples of prior art stents are numerous. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,373 to Pinchasik et al. teaches a stent with at least two rigid segments joined by a flexible connector. U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,516 to Fischell teaches a stent with a cell having a butterfly shape when the stent is in a reduced-diameter state. Upon expansion of the stent, the cell assumes a hexagonal shape.
- In stent design, it is desirable for the stent to be flexible along its longitudinal axis to permit passage of the stent through arcuate segments of a patient's vasculature or other body lumen. Preferably, the stent will have at most minimal longitudinal shrinkage when expanded and will resist compressive forces once expanded.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an intraluminal stent is disclosed. The stent comprises a reticulated tube having an un-deployed diameter and expandable to an enlarged diameter. The tube includes a structural beam extending between first and second ends. The structural beam changes from a first geometry to a second geometry when the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter. The structural beam includes first and second longitudinal elements each extending at least partially between the first and second ends and with a spacing between the first and second elements. Each of said first and second elements changes from the first geometry to the second geometry when the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter for the spacing to remain substantially unchanged as the tube changes from the un-deployed diameter to the enlarged diameter.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a stent according to the present invention shown in a rest diameter state and showing a plurality of stent cells each having a major axis perpendicular to an axis of the stent;
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the stent of FIG. 1 as it would appear if it were longitudinally split and laid out flat;
- FIG. 3 is the view of FIG. 2 following expansion of the stent to an enlarged diameter;
- FIG. 4 is a view taken along line4-4 in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a view taken along line5-5 in FIG. 2;
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 illustrating a cell structure with material of the stent surrounding adjacent cells shown in phantom lines;
- FIG. 7 is the view of FIG. 2 showing an alternative embodiment of the present invention with a cell having five peaks per longitudinal segment;
- FIG. 8 is the view of FIG. 2 showing an alternative embodiment of the present invention with a major axis of the cell being parallel to an axis of the stent;
- FIG. 9 is the view of FIG. 5 following expansion of the stent to an enlarged diameter;
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of a first prior art stent as it would appear if it were longitudinally split and laid out flat;
- FIG. 11 is the view of FIG. 10 with the stent modified for support beams to include parallel, spaced elements in accordance with the present invention;
- FIG. 12 is a plan view of a second prior art stent as it would appear if it were longitudinally split and laid out flat; and
- FIG. 13 is the view of FIG. 12 with the stent modified for support beams to include parallel, spaced elements in accordance with the present invention.
- Referring now to the several drawing figures in which identical elements are numbered identically, a description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be provided. Where several embodiments are shown, common elements are similarly numbered and not separately described with the addition of apostrophes to distinguish the embodiments.
- As will be more fully described, the present invention is directed to a novel support beam for an expandable stent. The support beam is applicable to a wide variety of stent designs. In a preferred embodiment, the support beam will be used as a longitudinal segment in a stent as described in the aforementioned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/049,486 filed Mar. 27, 1998, entitled “STENT” and naming Paul J. Thompson as sole inventor. Therefore, such a stent will now be described with reference to FIGS.1 to 9. Subsequently, the use of the novel beam will be described in use with other stent designs (i.e., those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,373 to Pinchasik et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,516 to Fischell) to illustrate the broad range of applicability of the novel support beam to a wide range of other stent designs.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a
stent 10 having a rest length Lr and an un-deployed or reduced diameter Dr. Thestent 10 is of the design shown in the aforementioned U.S. patent application. The slot of the novel beam construction, as will be described, is not shown in FIG. 1. - For ease of illustration, the
stent 10 is shown flat in FIG. 2 which illustrates a rest circumference Cr (Cr=πDr). In FIG. 2, locations A, B, C, D and E are shown severed from their normally integrally formed locations A1, B1, C1, D1 and E1. This permits thestent 10 to be shown as if it were severed at normally integrally formed locations A-A1, B-B1, C-C1, D-D1 and E-E1 and laid flat. FIG. 6 is an enlarged portion of the view of FIG. 2 to better illustrate a cell structure as will be described. - The
stent 10 is a reticulated, hollow tube. Thestent 10 may be expanded from the rest diameter Dr (and corresponding rest circumference Cr) to an expanded or enlarged diameter. FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 (i.e., illustrating the expandedstent 10 as it would appear if longitudinally split and laid flat). Since FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional representation, the enlarged diameter is not shown. However, the enlarged circumference Ce is shown as well as a length Le following expansion. The expanded diameter is equal to Ce/π. - As will be discussed length Le is preferably not more than minimally smaller (e.g., less than 10% smaller) than length Lr. Ideally, Le equals Lr.
- The material of the
stent 10 defines a plurality ofcells 12. Thecells 12 are bounded areas which are open (i.e., extend through the wall thickness of the stent 10). Thestent 10 may be formed through any suitable means including laser or chemical milling. In such processes, a hollow cylindrical tube is milled to remove material and form theopen cells 12. - The
cells 12 have a longitudinal or major axis XM-XM and a transverse or minor axis Xm-Xm. In the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3, the major axis XM-XM is perpendicular to the longitudinal cylindrical axis X-X of thestent 10. In the embodiments of FIGS. 8 and 9, the major axis XM′-XM′ is parallel to the longitudinal cylindrical axis X′-X′ of thestent 10′. Thecell 12 is symmetrical about axes XM-XM and Xm-Xm. - The
cell 12 is defined by portions of the tube material including first and second longitudinal segments or support beams 14. Thebeams 14 each have a longitudinal axis Xa-Xa (shown in FIG. 6). The beams' longitudinal axes Xa-Xa are parallel to and positioned on opposite sides of the cell major axis XM-XM. - Referring to FIG. 6, each of
longitudinal beams 14 has an undulating pattern to define a plurality ofpeaks valleys peaks valleys - Each of the
peaks valleys peaks valleys straight segments straight end portions segments 14 are joined at first and secondlongitudinal connection locations 27 spaced apart on the major axis XM-XM. First and secondtransverse connection locations 28 are spaced apart on the minor axis Xm-Xm. The first and secondtransverse connection locations 28 are positioned at the apices of the center peaks 21 of the longitudinal beams 14. -
Slots 30 are formed through the complete thickness of each of thebeams 14. Theslots 30 extend between first and second ends 31, 32. The first ends. 31 are adjacent thelongitudinal connection locations 27. The second ends 32 are adjacent thetransverse connection locations 28. Theslots 30 divide thebeams 14 into first and secondparallel elements - Except as will be described, the
beams 14 have uniform cross-sectional dimensions throughout their length as illustrated in FIG. 4. By way of non-limiting example, the width W and thickness T of thestraight line segments elements slot 30. By way of a non-limiting example, the width WS is in the range of 0.001 to 0.0025 inch. By way of another non-limiting example, the width WS is less than 0.005 inch. - For reasons that will be described, the width W′ (FIG. 5) at the apices of the
peaks valleys peaks valleys straight segments transverse connection locations slot 30 remains constant throughout its length. - The combined lengths of segments16-20 to the apex of
peak 21 represent apath length 50 fromlongitudinal connection location 27 totransverse connection location 28. Similarly the combined lengths of the other arcuate and straight segments 22-26 to the apex ofpeak 21 represent identicallength path lengths 51 of identical geometry fromlongitudinal connection locations 27 totransverse connection locations 28. Each of thepath lengths longitudinal connection locations longitudinal connection locations stent 10 is expanded. Thepath lengths - The
stent 10 includes a plurality ofidentical cells 12. Opposite edges of thesegments 14 define obliquely adjacent cells (such ascells Cells 12 having major axes XM-XM collinear with the major axis XM-XM ofcell 12 are interconnected at thelongitudinal connection locations 27. Cells having minor axes collinear with the minor axis Xm-Xm ofcell 12 are interconnected at thetransverse connection locations 28. - As mentioned, the
stent 10 in the reduced diameter of FIG. 1 is advanced to a site in a lumen. Thestent 10 is then expanded at the site. Thestent 10 may be expanded through any conventional means. For example, thestent 10 in the reduced diameter may be placed on the balloon tip of a catheter. At the site, the balloon is expanded to generate radial forces on the interior of thestent 10. The radial forces urge thestent 10 to radially expand without appreciable longitudinal expansion or contraction. Plastic deformation of the material of the stent 10 (e.g., stainless steel) results in thestent 10 retaining the expanded shape following subsequent deflation of the balloon. Alternatively, thestent 10 may be formed of a super-elastic or shape memory material (such as nitinol—a well-known stent material which is an alloy of nickel and titanium). - As the
stent 10 expands, thepath lengths path lengths elements elements - FIG. 3 illustrates the straightening of the
path lengths stent 10 has been only partially expanded to an expanded diameter less than a maximum expanded diameter. At a maximum expanded size, thepath lengths stent 10 beyond the maximum expanded size would result in narrowing of the minor axis Xm-Xm (i.e., a narrowing of a separation between the transverse connection locations and a resulting narrowing of the length Lr of the stent) or would require stretching and thinning of the stent material. - As shown in FIG. 3, during expansion of the
stent 10, thestraight segments path lengths arcuate peaks valleys peaks valleys straight segments arcuate peaks valleys straight segments - As the geometry of the
beams 14 changes during expansion, the geometry of the first andsecond elements elements elements elements elements beam 14 may be curved or straight throughout their lengths. - As the
stent 10 expands, thecells 12 assume a diamond shape shown in FIG. 3. Since the expansion forces are radial, the length of the major axis XM-XM (i.e., the distance between the longitudinal connection locations 27) increases. The length of the minor axis Xm-Xm (and hence the length of the stent 10) remains unchanged. - The
stent 10 is highly flexible. To advance to a site, the axis X-X of thestent 10 must bend to navigate through a curved lumen. Further, for placement at a curved site in a lumen, thestent 10 must be sufficiently flexible to retain a curved shape following expansion and to bend as the lumen bends over time. Thestent 10, as described above, achieves these objections. - When bending on its axis X-X, the
stent 10 tends to axially compress on the inside of the bend and axially expand on the outside of the bend. The present design permits such axial expansion and contraction. Thenovel cell geometry 12 results in an accordion-like structure which is highly flexible before and after radial expansion. Further, the diamond shape of thecells 12 after radial expansion resists constricting forces otherwise tending to collapse thestent 10. - The dual support structure of the elements separated by the slots increases flexibility without reducing resistance to compression forces. Further, during expansion and during flexing of the stent on its axis, the use of parallel, spaced
elements - Numerous modifications are possible. For example the
stent 10 may be lined with either an inner or outer sleeve (such as polyester fabric or ePTFE) for tissue growth. Also, the stent may be coated with radiopaque coatings such as platinum, gold, tungsten or tantalum. In addition to materials previously discussed, the stent may be formed of any one of a wide variety of previous known materials including, without limitation, MP35N, tantalum, platinum, gold, Elgiloy and Phynox. - While three
cells 12 are shown in FIG. 2 longitudinally connected surrounding the circumference Cr of the stent, a different number could be so connected to vary the properties of thestent 10 as a designer may elect. Likewise, while each column ofcells 12 in FIG. 2 is shown as having three longitudinally connectedcells 12, the number of longitudinally connectedcells 12 could vary to adjust the properties of the stent. Also, while eachlongitudinal segment 14 is shown as having threepeaks longitudinal segment 14, the number of peaks could vary. FIG. 7 illustrates astent 10″ with acell 12″ having fivepeaks 117″, 17″, 21″, 25″ and 125″ perlongitudinal segment 14″. Preferably, the longitudinal segment will have an odd number of peaks so that the transverse connection points are at an apex of a center peak. In FIG. 7, no slot is shown in thebeams 14″ for ease of illustration. - FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate an alternative embodiment where the major axis XM′-XM′ of the
cells 12′ are parallel with the cylindrical axis X′-X′ of thestent 10′. In FIG. 9, the expandedstent 10′ is shown at a near fully expanded state where thepath lengths 50′, 51′ are substantially linear. In FIGS. 8 and 9, no slots are shown in thebeams 14′ for ease of illustration. - FIGS. 10 and 12 illustrate prior art stent designs. FIG. 10 is a
stent 10 a as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,449,373 to Pinchasik et al. and FIG. 12 is astent 10 b as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,695,516 to Fischell.Stent 10 a is shown flat as if longitudinally split at locations Aa-Aa1 through Pa-Pa1. Similarly,Stent 10 b is shown flat as if longitudinally split at locations Ab-Ab1 through Eb-Eb1. - Both of the designs of FIGS. 10 and 12 include solid
structural beams 14 a, 14 b. Beams 14 a are curved when thestent 10 a is in a reduced diameter state. The beams 14 a cooperate to definecells 12 a. The curved beams 14 a straighten when thestent 10 a expands. Thebeams 14 b are straight and cooperate to define a butterfly-shapedcell 12 b. Upon expansion, thebeams 14 b remain straight but pivot for thecell 12 b to assume a hexagon shape upon expansion. - The dual support structure aspect of the present invention is applicable to prior art stents such as those shown in FIGS. 10 and 12. FIGS. 11 and 13 show the prior art stents of FIGS. 10 and 11, respectively, modified according to the dual support structure aspect of the present invention. Specifically, beams14 a′, 14 b′ are provided with
slots - From the foregoing, the present invention has been shown in a preferred embodiment. Modifications and equivalents are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An intraluminal stent comprising:
a reticulated tube having an un-deployed diameter and expandable to an enlarged diameter, said tube having a stent axis;
said tube including a structural beam extending between first and second ends;
said structural beam changing from a first geometry to a second geometry when said tube changes from said un-deployed diameter to said enlarged diameter;
said structural beam including first and second longitudinal elements each extending at least partially between said first and second ends and with a spacing between the first and second elements;
each of said first and second elements changing from said first geometry to said second geometry when said tube changes from said un-deployed diameter to said enlarged diameter for said spacing to remain substantially unchanged as said tube changes from said un-deployed diameter to said enlarged diameter.
2. An intraluminal stent according to claim 1 wherein said first and second elements are mutually parallel both before and after changing of said tube from said un-deployed diameter to said enlarged diameter.
3. An intraluminal stent according to claim 1 wherein said first and second elements each extend substantially an entire length of said structural beam between said first and second ends.
4. An intraluminal stent according to claim 1 wherein a plurality of disconnected slots are formed through said structural beam to define a plurality of parallel first and second elements between said first and second ends.
5. An intraluminal stent according to claim 1 wherein said beam and said first and second elements are curved.
6. An intraluminal stent according to claim 1 wherein said beam and said first and second elements are straight.
7. An intraluminal stent according to claim 1 wherein:
said beam is one of a plurality of beams with opposing surfaces defining an open cell bounded by said beams, said cell having a major axis and a minor axis;
said plurality of beams including first and second longitudinal beams each having:
a. a longitudinal axis extending parallel to and positioned on opposite sides of said cell major axis; and
b. an undulating pattern to define a plurality of peaks and valleys spaced outwardly and inwardly, respectively, from said longitudinal axes;
said first and second longitudinal beams interconnected at opposite ends thereof.
8. A stent according to claim 7 further comprising:
first and second longitudinal connection locations at interconnection points of said interconnected first and second longitudinal beams for connection of said cell to first and second longitudinally adjacent cells, respectively; and
first and second transverse connection locations on said first and second longitudinal beams, respectively, for connection of said cell to first and second transversely adjacent cells, respectively.
9. A stent according to claim 7 wherein path lengths of said longitudinal beams from said first and second transverse connection locations to said first and second longitudinal connection locations following expansion of said stent is substantially equal to or less than said lengths prior to said expansion.
10. A stent according to claim 7 wherein:
said cell is substantially identical to adjacent cells;
said major axis of said cell is linearly aligned with major axes of said first and second longitudinally adjacent cells;
said minor axis of said cell is linearly aligned with minor axes of said first and second transversely adjacent cells;
opposing surfaces of cell defining portions of said cell, said longitudinally adjacent cells and said transversely adjacent cells cooperate to define at least in part obliquely adjacent cells.
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US11/042,316 US7632300B2 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2005-01-24 | Stent with dual support structure |
US12/633,246 US8007527B2 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2009-12-08 | Stent with dual support structure |
US13/198,770 US8900289B2 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2011-08-05 | Stent with dual support structure |
US14/556,507 US20150148885A1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2014-12-01 | Stent with dual support structure |
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US13/198,770 Expired - Fee Related US8900289B2 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2011-08-05 | Stent with dual support structure |
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US13/198,770 Expired - Fee Related US8900289B2 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2011-08-05 | Stent with dual support structure |
US14/556,507 Abandoned US20150148885A1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2014-12-01 | Stent with dual support structure |
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- 1998-04-29 US US09/069,347 patent/US6132461A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-03-26 AU AU31061/99A patent/AU3106199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-03-26 JP JP2000540779A patent/JP2002509759A/en active Pending
- 1999-03-26 DE DE69936047T patent/DE69936047T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-26 AT AT99912755T patent/ATE361718T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-26 EP EP99912755A patent/EP1063944B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-26 ES ES99912755T patent/ES2288774T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-26 WO PCT/US1999/006136 patent/WO1999049810A1/en active IP Right Grant
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2000
- 2000-04-07 US US09/545,246 patent/US6533808B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-01-28 US US10/353,353 patent/US20030120336A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2005
- 2005-01-24 US US11/042,316 patent/US7632300B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-12-08 US US12/633,246 patent/US8007527B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-08-05 US US13/198,770 patent/US8900289B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-12-01 US US14/556,507 patent/US20150148885A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6533808B1 (en) | 2003-03-18 |
US20100087912A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
EP1063944B1 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
JP2002509759A (en) | 2002-04-02 |
DE69936047T2 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
ATE361718T1 (en) | 2007-06-15 |
WO1999049810A1 (en) | 1999-10-07 |
US8900289B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 |
EP1063944A1 (en) | 2001-01-03 |
US20110288633A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
US7632300B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
ES2288774T3 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
US6132461A (en) | 2000-10-17 |
US20050283227A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
US20150148885A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
US8007527B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
DE69936047D1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
AU3106199A (en) | 1999-10-18 |
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