US20030055502A1 - Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing - Google Patents

Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20030055502A1
US20030055502A1 US10/160,667 US16066702A US2003055502A1 US 20030055502 A1 US20030055502 A1 US 20030055502A1 US 16066702 A US16066702 A US 16066702A US 2003055502 A1 US2003055502 A1 US 2003055502A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cartilage
articular
articular surface
replacement material
repair system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/160,667
Inventor
Philipp Lang
Barry Linder
Daniel Steines
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conformis Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=27501594&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20030055502(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/160,667 priority Critical patent/US20030055502A1/en
Assigned to IMAGING THERAPEUTICS, INC. reassignment IMAGING THERAPEUTICS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STEINES, DANIEL, LINDER, BARRY, LANG, PHILIPP
Priority to US10/305,652 priority patent/US7468075B2/en
Publication of US20030055502A1 publication Critical patent/US20030055502A1/en
Priority to US10/724,010 priority patent/US7618451B2/en
Priority to US10/752,438 priority patent/US8545569B2/en
Assigned to IMAGING THERAPEUTICS, INC. reassignment IMAGING THERAPEUTICS, INC. CORRECTION TO EXECUTION DATE ON REEL/FRAME 013510/0128 Assignors: LINDER, BARRY, STEINES, DANIEL, LANG, PHILIPP
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IMAGING THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Priority to US10/997,407 priority patent/US8882847B2/en
Priority to US11/002,573 priority patent/US7534263B2/en
Priority to US11/326,705 priority patent/US7717956B2/en
Priority to US11/537,318 priority patent/US20070100462A1/en
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. CHANGE OF ADDRESS OF ASSIGNEE Assignors: CONFORMIS, INC.
Priority to US11/602,713 priority patent/US20070083266A1/en
Priority to US11/562,724 priority patent/US20070156171A1/en
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE STATE IN THE CHANGE OF ADDRESS OF THE ASSIGNEE PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 018482 FRAME 0476. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE CORRECT ADDRESS OF THE ASSIGNEE IS IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA (NOT IN THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS). Assignors: CONFORMIS, INC.
Priority to US11/671,745 priority patent/US8066708B2/en
Priority to US11/688,340 priority patent/US20070233269A1/en
Assigned to MERRILL LYNCH CAPITAL, A DIVISION OF MERRILL LYNCH BUSINESS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. reassignment MERRILL LYNCH CAPITAL, A DIVISION OF MERRILL LYNCH BUSINESS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: CONFIRMIS, INC.
Priority to US12/031,239 priority patent/US8617242B2/en
Priority to US12/048,764 priority patent/US8083745B2/en
Priority to US12/135,603 priority patent/US7981158B2/en
Priority to US12/135,612 priority patent/US8105330B2/en
Priority to US12/135,719 priority patent/US8062302B2/en
Priority to US12/139,324 priority patent/US8951260B2/en
Priority to US12/317,416 priority patent/US8343218B2/en
Priority to US12/317,472 priority patent/US8337507B2/en
Priority to US12/361,213 priority patent/US8122582B2/en
Priority to US12/398,753 priority patent/US8439926B2/en
Priority to US12/398,871 priority patent/US20090222103A1/en
Priority to US12/464,763 priority patent/US9308091B2/en
Assigned to VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC. reassignment VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: CONFORMIS, INC.
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GE BUSINESS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. (FORMERLY KNOWN AS MERRILL LYNCH BUSINESS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.)
Priority to US12/606,830 priority patent/US8377129B2/en
Priority to US12/606,844 priority patent/US8460304B2/en
Priority to US12/693,125 priority patent/US8556971B2/en
Priority to US12/712,072 priority patent/US8234097B2/en
Priority to US12/660,529 priority patent/US8480754B2/en
Priority to US12/799,641 priority patent/US9603711B2/en
Priority to US12/776,984 priority patent/US8337501B2/en
Priority to US12/776,701 priority patent/US8366771B2/en
Priority to US12/776,840 priority patent/US8551099B2/en
Priority to US12/777,852 priority patent/US9023050B2/en
Priority to US12/777,878 priority patent/US8690945B2/en
Priority to US12/777,859 priority patent/US8768028B2/en
Priority to US12/777,756 priority patent/US8585708B2/en
Priority to US12/777,809 priority patent/US9055953B2/en
Priority to US12/778,518 priority patent/US8945230B2/en
Priority to US12/778,506 priority patent/US20100329530A1/en
Assigned to VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC., VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC. reassignment VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: CONFORMIS, INC.
Priority to US13/044,413 priority patent/US8556983B2/en
Priority to US13/163,121 priority patent/US9295482B2/en
Priority to US13/294,579 priority patent/US8926706B2/en
Priority to US13/294,623 priority patent/US9775680B2/en
Priority to US13/294,573 priority patent/US8974539B2/en
Priority to US13/294,564 priority patent/US8906107B2/en
Priority to US13/294,617 priority patent/US9877790B2/en
Priority to US13/302,833 priority patent/US8657827B2/en
Priority to US13/305,634 priority patent/US9084617B2/en
Priority to US13/305,636 priority patent/US20120071883A1/en
Priority to US13/305,622 priority patent/US9107679B2/en
Priority to US13/306,501 priority patent/US20120066892A1/en
Priority to US13/306,509 priority patent/US20120072185A1/en
Priority to US13/336,543 priority patent/US9186161B2/en
Priority to US13/397,457 priority patent/US9020788B2/en
Priority to US13/399,378 priority patent/US20120197408A1/en
Priority to US13/405,826 priority patent/US9358018B2/en
Priority to US13/405,843 priority patent/US9066728B2/en
Priority to US13/405,797 priority patent/US9216025B2/en
Priority to US13/421,554 priority patent/US20120245699A1/en
Priority to US13/553,057 priority patent/US8641716B2/en
Priority to US13/554,453 priority patent/US8617172B2/en
Priority to US13/561,696 priority patent/US9495483B2/en
Priority to US13/565,840 priority patent/US20130211531A1/en
Priority to US13/625,742 priority patent/US8562618B2/en
Priority to US13/625,714 priority patent/US8562611B2/en
Priority to US13/625,686 priority patent/US8556906B2/en
Priority to US13/625,694 priority patent/US8551169B2/en
Priority to US13/625,702 priority patent/US8551102B2/en
Priority to US13/625,748 priority patent/US8529630B2/en
Priority to US13/625,728 priority patent/US8551103B2/en
Priority to US13/625,710 priority patent/US8561278B2/en
Priority to US13/625,720 priority patent/US8568479B2/en
Priority to US13/625,732 priority patent/US8556907B2/en
Priority to US13/625,738 priority patent/US8568480B2/en
Priority to US13/718,735 priority patent/US20130110471A1/en
Priority to US13/718,717 priority patent/US20130103363A1/en
Priority to US13/718,699 priority patent/US9107680B2/en
Priority to US13/754,133 priority patent/US9095353B2/en
Priority to US13/887,712 priority patent/US20130245803A1/en
Priority to US13/892,547 priority patent/US9579110B2/en
Priority to US13/913,990 priority patent/US8998915B2/en
Priority to US14/017,176 priority patent/US20140005792A1/en
Priority to US14/021,595 priority patent/US20140031826A1/en
Priority to US14/040,890 priority patent/US9333085B2/en
Priority to US14/051,087 priority patent/US9387079B2/en
Priority to US14/051,003 priority patent/US9439767B2/en
Priority to US14/051,690 priority patent/US20140142710A1/en
Priority to US14/072,754 priority patent/US9125673B2/en
Priority to US14/072,771 priority patent/US9072531B2/en
Priority to US14/072,751 priority patent/US9125672B2/en
Priority to US14/072,766 priority patent/US8951259B2/en
Priority to US14/134,064 priority patent/US9700971B2/en
Priority to US14/246,335 priority patent/US9186254B2/en
Priority to US14/308,070 priority patent/US20140303629A1/en
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Assignors: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC.
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Assignors: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC. & VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC.
Priority to US14/537,175 priority patent/US20150157461A1/en
Priority to US15/082,774 priority patent/US20160206331A1/en
Priority to US15/149,933 priority patent/US9913723B2/en
Priority to US15/173,994 priority patent/US20170007408A1/en
Priority to US15/263,166 priority patent/US20170119531A1/en
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE INCORRECT SERIAL NUMBER 13/013466 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 033460 FRAME: 0396. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST. Assignors: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC., VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC.
Priority to US15/351,021 priority patent/US20170056183A1/en
Priority to US15/443,251 priority patent/US20170164957A1/en
Priority to US15/589,222 priority patent/US20170367828A1/en
Priority to US15/611,393 priority patent/US20170360567A1/en
Priority to US15/852,730 priority patent/US20180360609A1/en
Priority to US15/953,651 priority patent/US20180228614A1/en
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC., VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC.
Assigned to CONFORMIS, INC. reassignment CONFORMIS, INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC.
Priority to US17/136,726 priority patent/US20210137686A1/en
Priority to US17/391,775 priority patent/US20210361437A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30756Cartilage endoprostheses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1662Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/3094Designing or manufacturing processes
    • A61F2/30942Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/38Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/389Tibial components
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • A61B17/8805Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4504Bones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4514Cartilage
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4528Joints
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/38Joints for elbows or knees
    • A61F2/3859Femoral components
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/30062(bio)absorbable, biodegradable, bioerodable, (bio)resorbable, resorptive
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30667Features concerning an interaction with the environment or a particular use of the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/30677Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products, e.g. antibiotics, into the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30772Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
    • A61F2002/30784Plurality of holes
    • A61F2002/30787Plurality of holes inclined obliquely with respect to each other
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/3094Designing or manufacturing processes
    • A61F2/30942Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
    • A61F2002/30948Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques using computerized tomography, i.e. CT scans
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/3094Designing or manufacturing processes
    • A61F2/30942Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
    • A61F2002/30957Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques using a positive or a negative model, e.g. moulds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/3094Designing or manufacturing processes
    • A61F2002/3097Designing or manufacturing processes using laser
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2002/4631Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor the prosthesis being specially adapted for being cemented
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0004Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00017Iron- or Fe-based alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00023Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00029Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00047Aluminium or Al-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00065Manganese or Mn-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00071Nickel or Ni-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00077Copper or Cu-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00083Zinc or Zn-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00107Palladium or Pd-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00113Silver or Ag-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00119Tin or Sn-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00131Tantalum or Ta-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00149Platinum or Pt-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00035Other metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00155Gold or Au-based alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • A61F2310/00293Ceramics or ceramic-like structures containing a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. apatite
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00365Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof
    • A61F2310/00383Gelatin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00395Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of metals or of alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00592Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00Products made by additive manufacturing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to orthopedic methods, systems and prosthetic devices and more particularly relates to methods, systems and devices for articular resurfacing.
  • Hyaline cartilage is found at the articular surfaces of bones, e.g., in the joints, and is responsible for providing the smooth gliding motion characteristic of moveable joints.
  • Articular cartilage is firmly attached to the underlying bones and measures typically less than 5 mm in thickness in human joints, with considerable variation depending on joint and site within the joint.
  • articular cartilage is aneural, avascular, and alymphatic. In adult humans, this cartilage derives its nutrition by a double diffusion system through the synovial membrane and through the dense matrix of the cartilage to reach the chondrocyte, the cells that are found in the connective tissue of cartilage.
  • a prosthetic material for example, silicone, e.g. for cosmetic repairs, or metal alloys.
  • a prosthetic material for example, silicone, e.g. for cosmetic repairs, or metal alloys.
  • Implantation of prosthetic devices is usually associated with loss of underlying tissue and bone without recovery of the full function allowed by the original cartilage. Serious long-term complications associated with the presence of a permanent foreign body can include infection, osteolysis and also loosening of the implant.
  • joint arthroplasties are highly invasive and require surgical resection of the entire or the majority of the articular surface of one or more bones. With these procedures, the marrow space is reamed in order to fit the stem of the prosthesis. The reaming results in a loss of the patient's bone stock.
  • the present invention provides novel devices and methods for replacing a portion (e.g., diseased area and/or area slightly larger than the diseased area) of a joint (e.g., cartilage and/or bone) with a non-pliable, non-liquid (e.g., hard) implant material, where the implant achieves a near anatomic fit with the surrounding structures and tissues.
  • a portion e.g., diseased area and/or area slightly larger than the diseased area
  • a joint e.g., cartilage and/or bone
  • a non-pliable, non-liquid implant material e.g., hard
  • the invention also provides that the bone-associated element achieves a near anatomic alignment with the subchondral bone.
  • the invention also provides for the preparation of an implantation site a single cut.
  • the invention includes a method for providing articular replacement material, the method comprising the step of producing articular replacement (e.g., cartilage replacement material) of selected dimensions (e.g., size, thickness and/or curvature).
  • articular replacement e.g., cartilage replacement material
  • selected dimensions e.g., size, thickness and/or curvature
  • the invention includes a method of making cartilage repair material, the method comprising the steps of (a) measuring the dimensions (e.g., thickness, curvature and/or size) of the intended implantation site or the dimensions of the area surrounding the intended implantation site; and (b) providing cartilage replacement material that conforms to the measurements obtained in step (a).
  • step (b) comprises measuring the thickness of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site.
  • step (a) comprises measuring the size of the intended implantation site and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site.
  • step (a) comprises measuring the thickness of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site, measuring the size of the intended implantation site, and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site.
  • the articular replacement material e.g., the cartilage replacement material
  • the dimensions of the replacement material may be selected following intraoperative measurements, for example measurements made using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, x-ray imaging obtained with x-ray dye and fluoroscopic imaging.
  • a mechanical probe (with or without imaging capabilities) may also be used to selected dimensions, for example an ultrasound probe, a laser, an optical probe and a deformable material.
  • the replacement material may be selected (for example, from a pre-existing library of repair systems), grown from cells and/or hardened from various materials. Thus, the material can be produced pre- or postoperatively.
  • the repair material may also be shaped (e.g., manually, automatically or by machine), for example using mechanical abrasion, laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation and/or enzymatic digestion.
  • the articular replacement material may comprise synthetic materials (e.g., metals, polymers, alloys or combinations thereof) or biological materials such as stem cells, fetal cells or chondrocyte cells.
  • the invention includes a method of repairing a cartilage in a subject, the method of comprising the step of implantating cartilage repair material prepared according to any of the methods described herein.
  • the invention provides a method of determining the curvature of an articular surface, the method comprising the step of (a) intraoperatively measuring the curvature of the articular surface using a mechanical probe.
  • the articular surface may comprise cartilage and/or subchondral bone.
  • the mechanical probe (with or without imaging capabilities) may include, for example an ultrasound probe, a laser, an optical probe and/or a deformable material.
  • the invention provides a method of producing an articular replacement material comprising the step of providing an articular replacement material that conforms to the measurements obtained by any of the methods of described herein.
  • the invention includes a partial articular prosthesis comprising a first component comprising a cartilage replacement material; and a second component comprising one or more metals, wherein said second component has a curvature similar to subchondral bone, wherein said prosthesis comprises less than about 80% of the articular surface.
  • the first and/or second component comprises a non-pliable material (e.g., a metal, a polymer, a metal allow, a solid biological material).
  • Other materials that may be included in the first and/or second components include polymers, biological materials, metals, metal alloys or combinations thereof.
  • one or both components may be smooth or porous (or porous coated).
  • the first component exhibits biomechanical properties (e.g., elasticity, resistance to axial loading or shear forces) similar to articular cartilage.
  • the first and/or second component can be bioresorbable and, in addition, the first or second components may be adapted to receive injections.
  • a partial articular prosthesis comprising an external surface located in the load bearing area of an articular surface, wherein the dimensions of said external surface achieve a near anatomic fit with the adjacent cartilage is provided.
  • the prosthesis of may further comprise one or more metals or metal alloys.
  • an articular repair system comprising (a) cartilage replacement material, wherein said cartilage replacement material has a curvature similar to surrounding or adjacent cartilage; and (b) at least one non-biologic material, wherein said articular surface repair system comprises a portion of the articular surface equal to or smaller than the weight-bearing surface.
  • the cartilage replacement material is non-pliable (e.g., hard hydroxyapatite, etc.).
  • the system exhibits biomechanical (e.g., elasticity, resistance to axial loading or shear forces) and/or biochemical properties similar to articular cartilage.
  • the first and/or second component can be bioresorbable and, in addition, the first or second components may be adapted to receive injections.
  • an articular surface repair system comprising a first component comprising a cartilage replacement material, wherein said first component has dimensions similar to that of adjacent or surrounding cartilage; and a second component, wherein said second component has a curvature similar to subchondral bone, wherein said articular surface repair system comprises less than about 80% of the articular surface (e.g., a single femoral condyle, tibia, etc.) is provided.
  • the first component is non-pliable (e.g., hard hydroxyapatite, etc.).
  • the system exhibits biomechanical (e.g., elasticity, resistance to axial loading or shear forces) and/or biochemical properties similar to articular cartilage.
  • the first and/or second component can be bioresorbable and, in addition, the first or second components may be adapted to receive injections.
  • the first component has a curvature and thickness similar to that of adjacent or surrounding cartilage. The thickness and/or curvature may vary across the implant material.
  • a partial articular prosthesis comprising (a) a metal or metal alloy; and (b) an external surface located in the load bearing area of an articular surface, wherein the external surface designed to achieve a near anatomic fit with the adjacent cartilage is provided.
  • any of the repair systems or prostheses described herein may comprise a polymeric material, for example attached to said metal or metal alloy.
  • any of the systems or prostheses described herein can be adapted to receive injections, for example, through an opening in the external surface of said cartilage replacement material (e.g., an opening in the external surface terminates in a plurality of openings on the bone surface).
  • Bone cement, therapeutics, and/or other bioactive substances may be injected through the opening(s).
  • bone cement is injected under pressure in order to achieve permeation of portions of the marrow space with bone cement.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart depicting various methods of the present invention including, measuring the size of an area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss, measuring the thickness of the adjacent cartilage, and measuring the curvature of the articular surface and/or subchondral bone. Based on this information, a best fitting implant can be selected from a library of implants or a patient specific custom implant can be generated. The implantation site is subsequently prepared and the implantation is performed.
  • FIG. 2 is a color reproduction of a three-dimensional thickness map of the articular cartilage of the distal femur.
  • Three-dimensional thickness maps can be generated, for example, from ultrasound, CT or MRI data. Dark holes within the substances of the cartilage indicate areas of full thickness cartilage loss.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a Placido disc of concentrically arranged circles of light.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a projected Placido disc on a surface of fixed curvature.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a 2D color-coded topographical map of an irregularly curved surface.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a 3D color-coded topographical map of an irregularly curved surface.
  • FIG. 7 shows a reflection resulting from a projection of concentric circles of light (Placido Disk) on each femoral condyle, demonstrating the effect of variation in surface contour on the reflected circles.
  • FIGS. 8 A-H are schematics of various stages of knee resurfacing.
  • FIG. 8A shows an example of normal thickness cartilage in the anterior, central and posterior portion of a femoral condyle 800 and a cartilage defect 805 in the posterior portion of the femoral condyle.
  • FIG. 8B shows an imaging technique or a mechanical, optical, laser or ultrasound device measuring the thickness and detecting a sudden change in thickness indicating the margins of a cartilage defect 810 .
  • FIG. 8C shows a weight-bearing surface 815 mapped onto the articular cartilage. Cartilage defect 805 is located within the weight-bearing surface 815 .
  • FIG. 8A shows an example of normal thickness cartilage in the anterior, central and posterior portion of a femoral condyle 800 and a cartilage defect 805 in the posterior portion of the femoral condyle.
  • FIG. 8B shows an imaging technique or a mechanical, optical, laser or ultrasound device measuring the thickness and
  • FIG. 8D shows an intended implantation site (stippled line) 820 and cartilage defect 805 .
  • the implantation site 820 is slightly larger than the area of diseased cartilage 805 .
  • FIG. 8E depicts placement of a single component articular surface repair system 825 .
  • the external surface of the articular surface repair system 826 has a curvature similar to that of the surrounding cartilage 800 resulting in good postoperative alignment between the surrounding normal cartilage 800 and the articular surface repair system 825 .
  • FIG. 8F shows an exemplary multi-component articular surface repair system 830 .
  • the distal surface of the deep component 832 has a curvature similar to that of the adjacent subchondral bone 835 .
  • FIG. 8G shows an exemplary single component articular surface repair system 840 with a peripheral margin 845 substantially non-perpendicular to the surrounding or adjacent normal cartilage 800 .
  • FIG. 8H shows an exemplary multi-component articular surface repair system 850 with a peripheral margin 845 substantially non-perpendicular to the surrounding or adjacent normal cartilage 800 .
  • FIG. 9, A through E are schematics depicting exemplary knee imaging and resurfacing.
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic depicting a magnified view of an area of diseased cartilage 905 demonstrating decreased cartilage thickness when compared to the surrounding normal cartilage 900 . The margins 910 of the defect have been determined.
  • FIG. 9B is a schematic depicting measurement of cartilage thickness 915 adjacent to the defect 905 .
  • FIG. 9C is a schematic depicting placement of a multi-component mini-prosthesis 915 for articular resurfacing.
  • the thickness 920 of the superficial component 923 closely approximates that of the adjacent normal cartilage 900 and varies in different regions of the prosthesis.
  • FIG. 9D is a schematic depicting placement of a single component mini-prosthesis 940 utilizing fixturing stems 945 .
  • FIG. 9E depicts placement of a single component mini-prosthesis 940 utilizing fixturing stems 945 and an opening 950 for injection of bone cement 955 .
  • the mini-prosthesis has an opening at the external surface 950 for injecting bone cement 955 or other liquids.
  • the bone cement 955 can freely extravasate into the adjacent bone and marrow space from several openings at the undersurface of the mini-prosthesis 960 thereby anchoring the mini-prosthesis.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic depicting normal thickness cartilage in the anterior and central and posterior portion of a femoral condyle 1000 and a large area of diseased cartilage 1005 in the posterior portion of the femoral condyle.
  • FIG. 10B depicts placement of a single component articular surface repair system 1010 .
  • the implantation site has been prepared with a single cut.
  • the articular surface repair system is not perpendicular to the adjacent normal cartilage 1000 .
  • FIG. 10C depicts a multi-component articular surface repair system 1020 .
  • the implantation site has been prepared with a single cut.
  • the deep component 1030 has a curvature similar to that of the adjacent subchondral bone 1035 .
  • the superficial component 1040 has a curvature similar to that of the adjacent cartilage 1000 .
  • FIGS. 11A and B show exemplary single and multiple component devices.
  • FIG. 11A shows an exemplary a single component articular surface repair system 1100 with varying curvature and radii.
  • the articular surface repair system is chosen to include convex and concave portions. Such devices can be preferable in a lateral femoral condyle or small joints such as the elbow joint.
  • FIG. 11B depicts a multi-component articular surface repair system with a deep component 1110 that mirrors the shape of the subchondral bone and a superficial component 1105 closely matching the shape and curvature of the surrounding normal cartilage 1115 .
  • the deep component 1110 and the superficial component 1105 demonstrate varying curvatures and radii with convex and concave portions.
  • the current invention provides for methods and devices for integration of cartilage replacement or regenerating materials.
  • the practice of the present invention employs, unless otherwise indicated, conventional methods of x-ray imaging and processing, x-ray tomosynthesis, ultrasound including A-scan, B-scan and C-scan, computed tomography (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical coherence tomography, single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) within the skill of the art.
  • CT scan computed tomography
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • SPECT single photon emission tomography
  • PET positron emission tomography
  • arthritis refers to a group of conditions characterized by progressive deterioration of joints.
  • the term encompasses a group of different diseases including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies and posttraumatic joint deformity.
  • articular refers to any joint.
  • articular cartilage refers to cartilage in a joint such as a knee, ankle, hip, etc.
  • articular surface refers to a surface of an articulating bone that is covered by cartilage.
  • a knee joint several different articular surfaces are present, e.g. in the patella, the medial femoral condyle, the lateral femoral condyle, the medial tibial plateau and the lateral tibial plateau.
  • weight-bearing surface refers to the contact area between two opposing articular surfaces during activities of normal daily living.
  • cartilage or “cartilage tissue” as used herein is generally recognized in the art, and refers to a specialized type of dense connective tissue comprising cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) (see, for example, Cormack, 1987, Ham's Histology, 9th Ed., J. B. Lippincott Co., pp. 266-272).
  • ECM extracellular matrix
  • the biochemical composition of cartilage differs according to type Several types of cartilage are recognized in the art, including, for example, hyaline cartilage such as that found within the joints, fibrous cartilage such as that found within the meniscus and costal regions, and elastic cartilage.
  • Hyaline cartilage for example, comprises chondrocytes surrounded by a dense ECM consisting of collagen, proteoglycans and water. Fibrocartilage can form in areas of hyaline cartilage, for example after an injury or, more typically, after certain types of surgery. The production of any type of cartilage is intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
  • the invention may also be practiced so as repair cartilage tissue in any mammal in need thereof, including horses, dogs, cats, sheep, pigs, among others.
  • the treatment of such animals is intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
  • articular repair system and “articular surface repair system” include any system (including, for example, compositions, devices and techniques) to repair, to replace or to regenerate a portion of a joint or an entire joint.
  • the term encompasses systems that repair articular cartilage, articular bone or both bone and cartilage.
  • Articular surface repair systems may also include a meniscal repair system (e.g., meniscal repair system can be composed of a biologic or non-biologic material), for example a meniscal repair system having biomechanical and/or biochemical properties similar to that of healthy menisci. See, for example, U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2002/00228841A1.
  • the meniscal repair system can be surgically or arthroscopically attached to the joint capsule or one or more ligaments.
  • repair systems include autologous chondrocyte transplantation, osteochondral allografting, osteochondral autografting, tibial corticotomy, femoral and/or tibial osteotomy.
  • Repair systems also include treatment with cartilage or bone tissue grown ex vivo, stem cells, cartilage material grown with use of stem cells, fetal cells or immature or mature cartilage cells, an artificial non-human material, an agent that stimulates repair of diseased cartilage tissue, an agent that stimulates growth of cells, an agent that protects diseased cartilage tissue and that protects adjacent normal cartilage tissue.
  • Articular repair systems include also treatment with a cartilage tissue transplant, a cartilage tissue graft, a cartilage tissue implant, a cartilage tissue scaffold, or any other cartilage tissue replacement or regenerating material.
  • Articular repair systems include also surgical tools that facilitate the surgical procedure required for articular repair, for example tools that prepare the area of diseased cartilage tissue and/or subchondral bone for receiving, for example, a cartilage tissue replacement or regenerating material.
  • the term “non-pliable” refers to material that cannot be significantly bent but may retain elasticity.
  • replacement material or “regenerating material” include a broad range of natural and/or synthetic materials used in the methods described herein, for example, cartilage or bone tissue grown ex vivo, stem cells, cartilage material grown from stem cells, stem cells, fetal cell, immature or mature cartilage cells, an agent that stimulates growth of cells, an artificial non-human material, a cartilage tissue transplant, a cartilage tissue graft, a cartilage tissue implant, a cartilage tissue scaffold, or a cartilage tissue regenerating material.
  • the term includes biological materials isolated from various sources (e.g., cells) as well as modified (e.g., genetically modified) materials and/or combinations of isolated and modified materials.
  • imaging test includes, but is not limited to, x-ray based techniques (such as conventional film based x-ray films, digital x-ray images, single and dual x-ray absorptiometry, radiographic absorptiometry); digital x-ray tomosynthesis, x-ray imaging including digital x-ray tomosynthesis with use of x-ray contrast agents, for example after intra-articular injection, ultrasound including broadband ultrasound attenuation measurement and speed of sound measurements, A-scan, B-scan and C-scan; computed tomography; nuclear scintigraphy; SPECT; positron emission tomography, optical coherence tomography and MRI.
  • x-ray based techniques such as conventional film based x-ray films, digital x-ray images, single and dual x-ray absorptiometry, radiographic absorptiometry
  • digital x-ray tomosynthesis x-ray imaging including digital x-ray tomosynthesis
  • imaging tests may be used in the methods described herein, for example in order to obtain certain morphological information about one or several tissues such as bone including bone mineral density and curvature of the subchondral bone, cartilage including biochemical composition of cartilage, cartilage thickness, cartilage volume, cartilage curvature, size of an area of diseased cartilage, severity of cartilage disease or cartilage loss, marrow including marrow composition, synovium including synovial inflammation, lean and fatty tissue, and thickness, dimensions and volume of soft and hard tissues.
  • the imaging test can be performed with use of a contrast agent, such as Gd-DTPA in the case of MRI.
  • A-scan refers to an ultrasonic technique where an ultrasonic source transmits an ultrasonic wave into an object, such as patient's body, and the amplitude of the returning echoes (signals) are recorded as a function of time. Only structures that lie along the direction of propagation are interrogated. As echoes return from interfaces within the object or tissue, the transducer crystal produces a voltage that is proportional to the echo intensity.
  • the sequence of signal acquisition and processing of the A-scan data in a modem ultrasonic instrument usually occurs in six major steps:
  • Time Gain Compensation compensates for the attenuation of the ultrasonic signal with time, which arises from travel distance.
  • Time gain compensation may be user-adjustable and may be changed to meet the needs of the specific application.
  • the ideal time gain compensation curve corrects the signal for the depth of the reflective boundary.
  • Time gain compensation works by increasing the amplification factor of the signal as a function of time after the ultrasonic pulse has been emitted.
  • reflective boundaries having equal abilities to reflect ultrasonic waves will have equal ultrasonic signals, regardless of the depth of the boundary.
  • Rectification, demodulation and envelope detection of the high frequency electronic signal permits the sampling and digitization of the echo amplitude free of variations induced by the sinusoidal nature of the waveform.
  • Rejection level adjustment sets the threshold of signal amplitudes that are permitted to enter a data storage, processing or display system. Rejection of lower signal amplitudes reduces noise levels from scattered ultrasonic signals.
  • B-scan refers to an ultrasonic technique where the amplitude of the detected returning echo is recorded as a function of the transmission time, the relative location of the detector in the probe and the signal amplitude. This is often represented by the brightness of a visual element, such as a pixel, in a two-dimensional image.
  • the position of the pixel along the y-axis represents the depth, i.e. half the time for the echo to return to the transducer (for one half of the distance traveled).
  • the position along the x-axis represents the location of the returning echoes relative to the long axis of the transducer, i.e. the location of the pixel either in a superoinferior or mediolateral direction or a combination of both.
  • the display of multiple adjacent scan lines creates a composite two-dimensional image that portrays the general contour of internal organs.
  • C-scan refers to an ultrasonic technique where additional gating electronics are incorporated into a B-scan to eliminate interference from underlying or overlying structures by scanning at a constant-depth.
  • An interface reflects part of the ultrasonic beam energy. All interfaces along the scan line may contribute to the measurement.
  • the gating electronics of the C-mode rejects all returning echoes except those received during a specified time interval. Thus, only scan data obtained from a specific depth range are recorded. Induced signals outside the allowed period are not amplified and, thus, are not processed and displayed.
  • C-mode-like methods are also described herein for A-scan techniques and devices in order to reduce the probe/skin interface reflection.
  • repair is used in a broad sense to refer to one or more repairs to damaged joints (e.g., cartilage or bone) or to replacement of one or more components or regions of the joint.
  • the term encompasses both repair (e.g., one or more portions of a cartilage and/or layers of cartilage or bone) and replacement (e.g., of an entire cartilage).
  • the present invention provides methods and compositions for repairing joints, particularly for repairing articular cartilage and for facilitating the integration of a wide variety of cartilage repair materials into a subject.
  • the techniques described herein allow for the customization of cartilage repair material to suit a particular subject, for example in terms of size, cartilage thickness and/or curvature.
  • shape e.g., size, thickness and/or curvature
  • the success of repair is enhanced.
  • the repair material may be shaped prior to implantation and such shaping can be based, for example, on electronic images that provide information regarding curvature or thickness of any “normal” cartilage surrounding the defect and/or on curvature of the bone underlying the defect.
  • the current invention provides, among other things, for minimally invasive methods for partial joint replacement. The methods will require only minimal or, in some instances, no loss in bone stock. Additionally, unlike with current techniques, the methods described herein will help to restore the integrity of the articular surface by achieving an exact or near anatomic match between the implant and the surrounding or adjacent cartilage and/or subchondral bone.
  • Advantages of the present invention can include, but are not limited to, (i) customization of joint repair, thereby enhancing the efficacy and comfort level for the patient following the repair procedure; (ii) eliminating the need for a surgeon to measure the defect to be repaired intraoperatively in some embodiments; (iii) eliminating the need for a surgeon to shape the material during the implantation procedure; (iv) providing methods of evaluating curvature of the repair material based on bone or tissue images or based on intraoperative probing techniques; (v) providing methods of repairing joints with only minimal or, in some instances, no loss in bone stock; and (vi) improving postoperative joint congruity.
  • the methods described herein allow for the design and use of joint repair material that more precisely fits the defect (e.g., site of implantation) and, accordingly, provides improved repair of the joint.
  • the methods and compositions described herein may be used to treat defects resulting from disease of the cartilage (e.g., osteoarthritis), bone damage, cartilage damage, trauma, and/or degeneration due to overuse or age.
  • the invention allows, among other things, a health practitioner to evaluate and treat such defects.
  • the size, volume and shape of the area of interest may include only the region of cartilage that has the defect, but preferably will also include contiguous parts of the cartilage surrounding the cartilage defect.
  • Size, curvature and/or thickness measurements can be obtained using any suitable techniques, for example in one direction, two directions, and/or in three dimensions for example, using suitable mechanical means, laser devices, molds, materials applied to the articular surface that harden and “memorize the surface contour,” and/or one or more imaging techniques. Measurements may be obtained non-invasively and/or intraoperatively (e.g., using a probe or other surgical device).
  • Non-limiting examples of imaging techniques suitable for measuring thickness and/or curvature (e.g., of cartilage and/or bone) or size of areas of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss include the use of x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography scanning (CT, also known as computerized axial tomography or CAT), optical coherence tomography, SPECT, PET, ultrasound imaging techniques, and optical imaging techniques.
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • CT computed tomography scanning
  • CAT computerized axial tomography
  • SPECT also known as computerized axial tomography or CAT
  • SPECT computerized axial tomography
  • PET PET
  • ultrasound imaging techniques See, also, International Patent Publication WO 02/22014; U.S. Pat. No. 6,373,250 and Vandeberg et al. (2002) Radiology 222:430-436).
  • CT or MRI is used to assess tissue, bone, cartilage and any defects therein, for example cartilage lesions or areas of diseased cartilage, to obtain information on subchondral bone or cartilage degeneration and to provide morphologic or biochemical or biomechanical information about the area of damage.
  • changes such as fissuring, partial or full thickness cartilage loss, and signal changes within residual cartilage can be detected using one or more of these methods.
  • the measurements are three-dimensional images obtained as described in WO 02/22014.
  • Three-dimensional internal images, or maps, of the cartilage alone or in combination with a movement pattern of the joint can be obtained.
  • Three-dimensional internal images can include information on biochemical composition of the articular cartilage.
  • imaging techniques can be compared over time, for example to provide up to date information on the size and type of repair material needed.
  • any of the imaging devices described herein may also be used intra-operatively (see, also below), for example using a hand-held ultrasound and/or optical probe to image the articular surface intra-operatively.
  • measurements of the size of an area of diseased cartilage or an area of cartilage loss, measurements of cartilage thickness and/or curvature of cartilage or bone can be obtained intraoperatively during arthroscopy or open arthrotomy. Intraoperative measurements may or may not involve actual contact with one or more areas of the articular surfaces.
  • Devices to obtain intraoperative measurements of cartilage, and to generate a topographical map of the surface include but are not limited to, Placido disks and laser interferometers, and/or deformable materials.
  • Placido disks and laser interferometers See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,382,028; 6,057,927; 5,523,843; 5,847,804; and 5,684,562).
  • a Placido disk a concentric array that projects well-defined circles of light of varying radii, generated either with laser or white light transported via optical fiber
  • an endoscopic device or to any probe, for example a hand-held probe
  • One or more imaging cameras can be used (e.g., attached to the device) to capture the reflection of the circles.
  • Mathematical analysis is used to determine the surface curvature.
  • the curvature can then be visualized on a monitor as a color-coded, topographical map of the cartilage surface.
  • a mathematical model of the topographical map can be used to determine the ideal surface topography to replace any cartilage defects in the area analyzed. This computed, ideal surface can then also be visualized on the monitor, and is used to select the curvature of the replacement material or regenerating material.
  • a laser interferometer can also be attached to the end of an endoscopic device.
  • a small sensor may be attached to the device in order to determine the cartilage surface curvature using phase shift interferometry, producing a fringe pattern analysis phase map (wave front) visualization of the cartilage surface.
  • the curvature can then be visualized on a monitor as a color coded, topographical map of the cartilage surface.
  • a mathematical model of the topographical map can be used to determine the ideal surface topography to replace any cartilage defects in the area analyzed. This computed, ideal surface can then also visualized on the monitor, and can be used to select the curvature of the replacement cartilage.
  • Mechanical devices may also be used for intraoperative measurements, for example, deformable materials such as gels, molds, any hardening materials (e.g., materials that remain deformable until they are heated, cooled, or otherwise manipulated). See, e.g., WO 02/34310.
  • deformable materials such as gels, molds, any hardening materials (e.g., materials that remain deformable until they are heated, cooled, or otherwise manipulated).
  • a deformable gel can be applied to a femoral condyle. The side of the gel pointing towards the condyle will yield a negative impression of the surface contour of the condyle. Said negative impression can be used to determine the size of a defect, the depth of a defect and the curvature of the articular surface in and adjacent to a defect.
  • This information can be used to select a therapy, e.g. an articular surface repair system.
  • a hardening material can be applied to an articular surface, e.g. a femoral condyle or a tibial plateau. Said hardening material will remain on the articular surface until hardening has occurred. The hardening material will then be removed from the articular surface. The side of the hardening material pointing towards the articular surface will yield a negative impression of the articular surface. The negative impression can be used to determine the size of a defect, the depth of a defect and the curvature of the articular surface in and adjacent to a defect.
  • This information can be used to select a therapy, e.g. an articular surface repair system.
  • the deformable material comprises a plurality of individually moveable mechanical elements.
  • each element When pressed against the surface of interest, each element may be pushed in the opposing direction and the extent to which it is pushed (deformed) will correspond to the curvature of the surface of interest.
  • the device may include a brake mechanism so that the elements are maintained in the position that mirrors the surface of the cartilage and/or bone. The device can then be removed from the patient and analyzed for curvature.
  • each individual moveable element may include markers indicating the amount and/or degree they are deformed at a given spot.
  • a camera can be used to intra-operatively image the device and the image can be saved and analyzed for curvature information. Suitable markers include, but are not limited to, actual linear measurements (metric or imperial), different colors corresponding to different amounts of deformation and/or different shades or hues of the same color(s).
  • Other devices to measure cartilage and subchondral bone intraoperatively include, for example, ultrasound probes.
  • An ultrasound probe preferably handheld, can be applied to the cartilage and the curvature of the cartilage and/or the subchondral bone can be measured. Moreover, the size of a cartilage defect can be assessed and the thickness of the articular cartilage can be determined.
  • Such ultrasound measurements can be obtained in A-mode, B-mode, or C-mode. If A-mode measurements are obtained, an operator will typically repeat the measurements with several different probe orientations, e.g. mediolateral and anteroposterior, in order to derive a three-dimensional assessment of size, curvature and thickness.
  • probes are preferably handheld.
  • the probes or at least a portion of the probe, typically the portion that is in contact with the tissue will be sterile. Sterility can be achieved with use of sterile covers, for example similar to those disclosed in WO9908598A1.
  • Analysis on the curvature of the articular cartilage or subchondral bone using imaging tests and/or intraoperative measurements can be used to determine the size of an area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss.
  • the curvature can change abruptly in areas of cartilage loss.
  • Such abrupt or sudden changes in curvature can be used to detect the boundaries of diseased cartilage or cartilage defects.
  • a physical model of the surfaces of the articular cartilage and of the underlying bone can be created.
  • This physical model can be representative of a limited area within the joint or it can encompass the entire joint.
  • the physical model can encompass only the medial or lateral femoral condyle, both femoral condyles and the notch region, the medial tibial plateau, the lateral tibial plateau, the entire tibial plateau, the medial patella, the lateral patella, the entire patella or the entire joint.
  • the location of a diseased area of cartilage can be determined, for example using a 3D coordinate system or a 3D Euclidian distance as described in WO 02/22014.
  • the size of the defect to be repaired can be determined.
  • some, but not all, defects will include less than the entire cartilage.
  • the thickness of the normal or only mildly diseased cartilage surrounding one or more cartilage defects is measured. This thickness measurement can be obtained at a single point or, preferably, at multiple points, for example 2 point, 4-6 points, 7-10 points, more than 10 points or over the length of the entire remaining cartilage.
  • an appropriate therapy e.g., articular repair system
  • the curvature of the articular surface can be measured to design and/or shape the repair material. Further, both the thickness of the remaining cartilage and the curvature of the articular surface can be measured to design and/or shape the repair material. Alternatively, the curvature of the subchondral bone can be measured and the resultant measurement(s) can be used to either select or shape a cartilage replacement material.
  • a wide variety of materials find use in the practice of the present invention, including, but not limited to, plastics, metals, ceramics, biological materials (e.g., collagen or other extracellular matrix materials), hydroxyapatite, cells (e.g., stem cells, chondrocyte cells or the like), or combinations thereof.
  • a repair material can be formed or selected. Further, using one or more of these techniques described herein, a cartilage replacement or regenerating material having a curvature that will fit into a particular cartilage defect, will follow the contour and shape of the articular surface, and will match the thickness of the surrounding cartilage can be made.
  • the repair material may include any combination of materials, and preferably includes at least one non-pliable (hard) material.
  • joint repair systems often employ metal and/or polymeric materials including, for example, prosthesis which are anchored into the underlying bone (e.g., a femur in the case of a knee prosthesis). See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,203,576 and 6,322,588 and references cited therein.
  • a wide-variety of metals may find use in the practice of the present invention, and may be selected based on any criteria, for example, based on resiliency to impart a desired degree of rigidity.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable metals include silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, copper, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, zinc, titanium, cobalt, stainless steel, nickel, iron alloys, cobalt alloys, such as Elgiloy®, a cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy, and MP35N, a nickel-cobaltchromium-molybdenum alloy, and NitinolTM, a nickel-titanium alloy, aluminum, manganese, iron, tantalum, other metals that can slowly form polyvalent metal ions, for example to inhibit calcification of implanted substrates in contact with a patient's bodily fluids or tissues, and combinations thereof.
  • suitable metals include silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, copper, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, zinc, titanium, cobalt, stainless steel, nickel, iron alloys, cobalt alloys, such as Elgiloy®, a co
  • Suitable synthetic polymers include, without limitation, polyamides (e.g., nylon), polyesters, polystyrenes, polyacrylates, vinyl polymers (e.g., polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride), polycarbonates, polyurethanes, poly dimethyl siloxanes, cellulose acetates, polymethyl methacrylates, polyether ether ketones, ethylene vinyl acetates, polysulfones, nitrocelluloses, similar copolymers and mixtures thereof.
  • polyamides e.g., nylon
  • polyesters e.g., polystyrenes
  • polyacrylates e.g., polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride
  • polycarbonates e.g., polycarbonates, polyurethanes, poly dimethyl siloxanes, cellulose acetates, polymethyl methacrylates, polyether ether ketones, ethylene vinyl a
  • Bioresorbable synthetic polymers can also be used such as dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, derivatives of gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide], poly(hydroxy acids), poly(epsilon-caprolactone), polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(dimethyl glycolic acid), poly(hydroxy butyrate), and similar copolymers may also be used.
  • the polymers can be prepared by any of a variety of approaches including conventional polymer processing methods.
  • Preferred approaches include, for example, injection molding, which is suitable for the production of polymer components with significant structural features, and rapid prototyping approaches, such as reaction injection molding and stereo-lithography.
  • the substrate can be textured or made porous by either physical abrasion or chemical alteration to facilitate incorporation of the metal coating.
  • More than one metal and/or polymer may be used in combination with each other.
  • one or more metal-containing substrates may be coated with polymers in one or more regions or, alternatively, one or more polymer-containing substrate may be coated in one or more regions with one or more metals.
  • the system or prosthesis can be porous or porous coated.
  • the porous surface components can be made of various materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers. These surface components can, in turn, be secured by various means to a multitude of structural cores formed of various metals.
  • Suitable porous coatings include, but are not limited to, metal, ceramic, polymeric (e.g., biologically neutral elastomers such as silicone rubber, polyethylene terephthalate and/or combinations thereof) or combinations thereof. See, e.g., Hahn U.S. Pat. No. 3,605,123. Tronzo U.S. Pat. No. 3,808,606 and Tronzo U.S. Pat. No. 3,843,975; Smith U.S. Pat. No.
  • the coating may be applied by surrounding a core with powdered polymer and heating until cured to form a coating with an internal network of interconnected pores.
  • the tortuosity of the pores e.g., a measure of length to diameter of the paths through the pores
  • the porous coating may be applied in the form of a powder and the article as a whole subjected to an elevated temperature that bonds the powder to the substrate. Selection of suitable polymers and/or powder coatings may be determined in view of the teachings and references cited herein, for example based on the melt index of each.
  • Repair materials may also include one or more biological material either alone or in combination with non-biological materials.
  • any base material can be designed or shaped and suitable cartilage replacement or regenerating material(s) such as fetal cartilage cells can be applied to be the base. The cells can be then be grown in conjunction with the base until the thickness (and/or curvature) of the cartilage surrounding the cartilage defect has been reached.
  • Conditions for growing cells e.g., chondrocytes
  • suitable substrates include plastic, tissue scaffold, a bone replacement material (e.g., a hydroxyapatite, a bioresorbable material), or any other material suitable for growing a cartilage replacement or regenerating material on it.
  • Biopolymers can be naturally occurring or produced in vitro by fermentation and the like. Suitable biological polymers include, without limitation, collagen, elastin, silk, keratin, gelatin, polyamino acids, cat gut sutures, polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose and starch) and mixtures thereof. Biological polymers may be bioresorbable.
  • Biological materials used in the methods described herein can be autografts (from the same subject); allografts (from another individual of the same species) and/or xenografts (from another species). See, also, International Patent Publications WO 02/22014 and WO 97/27885.
  • autologous materials are preferred, as they may carry a reduced risk of immunological complications to the host, including re-absorption of the materials, inflammation and/or scarring of the tissues surrounding the implant site.
  • a probe is used to harvest tissue from a donor site and to prepare a recipient site.
  • the donor site can be located in a xenograft, an allograft or an autograft.
  • the probe is used to achieve a good anatomic match between the donor tissue sample and the recipient site.
  • the probe is specifically designed to achieve a seamless or near seamless match between the donor tissue sample and the recipient site.
  • the probe can, for example, be cylindrical.
  • the distal end of the probe is typically sharp in order to facilitate tissue penetration. Additionally, the distal end of the probe is typically hollow in order to accept the tissue.
  • the probe can have an edge at a defined distance from its distal end, e.g.
  • the edge can be external or can be inside the hollow portion of the probe.
  • an orthopedic surgeon can take the probe and advance it with physical pressure into the cartilage, the subchondral bone and the underlying marrow in the case of a joint such as a knee joint. The surgeon can advance the probe until the external or internal edge reaches the cartilage surface. At that point, the edge will prevent further tissue penetration thereby achieving a constant and reproducible tissue penetration.
  • the distal end of the probe can include a blade or saw-like structure or tissue cutting mechanism.
  • the distal end of the probe can include an iris-like mechanism consisting of several small blades.
  • the at least one or more blades can be moved using a manual, motorized or electrical mechanism thereby cutting through the tissue and separating the tissue sample from the underlying tissue. Typically, this will be repeated in the donor and the recipient. In the case of an iris-shaped blade mechanism, the individual blades can be moved so as to close the iris thereby separating the tissue sample from the donor site.
  • a laser device or a radiofrequency device can be integrated inside the distal end of the probe.
  • the laser device or the radiofrequency device can be used to cut through the tissue and to separate the tissue sample from the underlying tissue.
  • the same probe can be used in the donor and in the recipient.
  • similarly shaped probes of slightly different physical dimensions can be used.
  • the probe used in the recipient can be slightly smaller than that used in the donor thereby achieving a tight fit between the tissue sample or tissue transplant and the recipient site.
  • the probe used in the recipient can also be slightly shorter than that used in the donor thereby correcting for any tissue lost during the separation or cutting of the tissue sample from the underlying tissue in the donor material.
  • Any biological repair material may be sterilized to inactivate biological contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, yeasts, molds, mycoplasmas and parasites. Sterilization may be performed using any suitable technique, for example radiation, such as gamma radiation.
  • Any of the biological material described herein may be harvested with use of a robotic device.
  • the robotic device can use information from an electronic image for tissue harvesting.
  • the cartilage replacement material has a particular biochemical composition.
  • the biochemical composition of the cartilage surrounding a defect can be assessed by taking tissue samples and chemical analysis or by imaging techniques.
  • WO 02 / 22014 describes the use of gadolinium for imaging of articular cartilage to monitor glycosaminoglycan content within the cartilage.
  • the cartilage replacement or regenerating material can then be made or cultured in a manner, to achieve a biochemical composition similar to that of the cartilage surrounding the implantation site.
  • the culture conditions used to achieve the desired biochemical compositions can include, for example, varying concentrations biochemical composition of said cartilage replacement or regenerating material can, for example, be influenced by controlling concentrations and exposure times of certain nutrients and growth factors.
  • the articular surface repair system may include one or more components.
  • one-component systems include a plastic, a metal, a metal alloy or a biologic material.
  • the surface of the repair system facing the underlying bone is smooth. In other embodiments, the surface of the repair system facing the underlying bone is porous or porous-coated.
  • Non-limiting examples of multiple-component systems include combinations of metal, plastic, metal alloys and one or more biological materials.
  • One or more components of the articular surface repair system can be composed of a biologic material (e.g. a tissue scaffold with cells such as cartilage cells or stem cells alone or seeded within a substrate such as a bioresorable material or a tissue scaffold, allograft, autograft or combinations thereof) and/or a non-biological material (e.g., polyethylene or a chromium alloy such as chromium cobalt).
  • a biologic material e.g. a tissue scaffold with cells such as cartilage cells or stem cells alone or seeded within a substrate such as a bioresorable material or a tissue scaffold, allograft, autograft or combinations thereof
  • a non-biological material e.g., polyethylene or a chromium alloy such as chromium cobalt
  • the repair system can include one or more areas of a single material or a combination of materials, for example, the articular surface repair system can have a superficial and a deep component.
  • the superficial component is typically designed to have size, thickness and curvature similar to that of the cartilage tissue lost while the deep component is typically designed to have a curvature similar to the subchondral bone.
  • the superficial component can have biomechanical properties similar to articular cartilage, including but not limited to similar elasticity and resistance to axial loading or shear forces.
  • the superficial and the deep component can consist of two different metals or metal alloys.
  • One or more components of the system can be composed of a biologic material including, but not limited to bone, or a non-biologic material including, but not limited to hydroxyapatite, tantalum, a chromium alloy, chromium cobalt or other metal alloys.
  • One or more regions of the articular surface repair system can be bioresorbable, for example to allow the interface between the articular surface repair system and the patient's normal cartilage, over time, to be filled in with hyaline or fibrocartilage.
  • one or more regions e.g., the outer margin of the superficial portion of the articular surface repair system and/or the deep portion
  • the degree of porosity can change throughout the porous region, linearly or non-linearly, for where the degree of porosity will typically decrease towards the center of the articular surface repair system.
  • the pores can be designed for in-growth of cartilage cells, cartilage matrix, and connective tissue thereby achieving a smooth interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding cartilage.
  • the repair system e.g., the deep component in multiple component systems
  • a cement-like material such as methylmethacrylate, injectable hydroxy- or calcium-apatite materials and the like.
  • one or more portions of the articular surface repair system can be pliable or liquid or deformable at the time of implantation and can harden later. Hardening can occur within 1 second to 2 hours (or any time period therebetween), preferably with in 1 second to 30 minutes (or any time period therebetween), more preferably between 1 second and 10 minutes (or any time period therebetween).
  • One or more components of the articular surface repair system can be adapted to receive injections.
  • the external surface of the articular surface repair system can have one or more openings therein.
  • the openings can be sized so as to receive screws, tubing, needles or other devices which can be inserted and advanced to the desired depth, for example through the articular surface repair system into the marrow space.
  • injectables such as methylmethacrylate and injectable hydroxy- or calcium-apatite materials can then be introduced through the opening (or tubing inserted therethrough) into the marrow space thereby bonding the articular surface repair system with the marrow space.
  • screws or pins can be inserted into the openings and advanced to the underlying subchondral bone and the bone marrow or epiphysis to achieve fixation of the articular surface repair system to the bone.
  • Portions or all components of the screw or pin can be bioresorbable, for example, the distal portion of a screw that protrudes into the marrow space can be bioresorbable.
  • the screw can provide the primary fixation of the articular surface repair system.
  • ingrowth of bone into a porous coated area along the undersurface of the articular cartilage repair system can take over as the primary stabilizer of the articular surface repair system against the bone.
  • the articular surface repair system can be anchored to the patient's bone with use of a pin or screw or other attachment mechanism.
  • the attachment mechanism can be bioresorbable.
  • the screw or pin or attachment mechanism can be inserted and advanced towards the articular surface repair system from a non-cartilage covered portion of the bone or from a non-weight-bearing surface of the joint.
  • the interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage can be at an angle, for example oriented at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the underlying subchondral bone. Suitable angles can be determined in view of the teachings herein, and in certain cases, non-90 degree angles may have advantages with regard to load distribution along the interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage.
  • the interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage may be covered with a pharmaceutical or bioactive agent, for example a material that stimulates the biological integration of the repair system into the normal cartilage.
  • a pharmaceutical or bioactive agent for example a material that stimulates the biological integration of the repair system into the normal cartilage.
  • the surface area of the interface can be irregular, for example, to increase exposure of the interface to pharmaceutical or bioactive agents.
  • a container or well can be formed to the selected specifications, for example to match the material needed for a particular subject or to create a stock of repair materials in a variety of sizes.
  • the size and shape of the contained may be designed using the thickness and curvature information obtained from the joint and from the cartilage defect. More specifically, the inside of the container can be shaped to follow any selected measurements, for example as obtained from the cartilage defect(s) of a particular subject.
  • the container can be filled with a cartilage replacement or regenerating material, for example, collagen-containing materials, plastics, bioresorbable materials and/or any suitable tissue scaffold.
  • the cartilage regenerating or replacement material can also consist of a suspension of stem cells or fetal or immature or mature cartilage cells that subsequently develop to more mature cartilage inside the container. Further, development and/or differentiation can be enhanced with use of certain tissue nutrients and growth factors.
  • the material is allowed to harden and/or grow inside the container until the material has the desired traits, for example, thickness, elasticity, hardness, biochemical composition, etc. Molds can be generated using any suitable technique, for example computer devices and automation, e.g. computer assisted design (CAD) and, for example, computer assisted modeling (CAM). Because the resulting material generally follows the contour of the inside of the container it will better fit the defect itself and facilitate integration.
  • CAD computer assisted design
  • CAM computer assisted modeling
  • shaping of the repair material will be required before or after formation (e.g., growth to desired thickness), for example where the thickness of the required cartilage material is not uniform (e.g., where different sections of the cartilage replacement or regenerating material require different thicknesses).
  • the replacement material can be shaped by any suitable technique including, but not limited to, mechanical abrasion, laser abrasion or ablation, radiofrequency treatment, cryoablation, variations in exposure time and concentration of nutrients, enzymes or growth factors and any other means suitable for influencing or changing cartilage thickness. See, e.g., WO 00/15153; If enzymatic digestion is used, certain sections of the cartilage replacement or regenerating material can be exposed to higher doses of the enzyme or can be exposed longer as a means of achieving different thicknesses and curvatures of the cartilage replacement or regenerating material in different sections of said material.
  • the material can be shaped manually and/or automatically, for example using a device into which a pre-selected thickness and/or curvature has been inputted and programming the device to achieve the desired shape.
  • the site of implantation e.g., bone surface, any cartilage material remaining, etc.
  • the site of implantation can also be shaped by any suitable technique in order to enhanced integration of the repair material.
  • repair systems of various sizes, curvatures and thicknesses can be obtained. These repair systems can be catalogued and stored to create a library of systems from which an appropriate system can then be selected. In other words, a defect is assessed in a particular subject and a pre-existing repair system having the closest shape and size is selected from the library for further manipulation (e.g., shaping) and implantation.
  • the methods and compositions described herein can be used to replace only a portion of the articular surface, for example, an area of diseased cartilage or lost cartilage on the articular surface.
  • the articular surface repair system may be designed to replace only the area of diseased or lost cartilage or it can extend beyond the area of diseased or lost cartilage, e.g., 3 or 5 mm into normal adjacent cartilage.
  • the prosthesis replaces less than about 70% to 80% (or any value therebetween) of the articular surface (e.g., any given articular surface such as a single femoral condyle, etc.), preferably, less than about 50% to 70% (or any value therebetween), more preferably, less than about 30% to 50% (or any value therebetween), more preferably less than about 20% to 30% (or any value therebetween), even more preferably less than about 20% of the articular surface.
  • the articular surface e.g., any given articular surface such as a single femoral condyle, etc.
  • the prosthesis may include multiple components, for example a component that is implanted into the bone (e.g., a metallic device) attached to a component that is shaped to cover the defect of the cartilage overlaying the bone. Additional components, for example intermediate plates, meniscus repairs systems and the like may also be included. It is contemplated that each component replaces less than all of the corresponding articular surface. However, each component need not replace the same portion of the articular surface. In other words, the prosthesis may have a bone-implanted component that replaces less than 30% of the bone and a cartilage component that replaces 60% of the cartilage. The prosthesis may include any combination, so long as each component replaces less than the entire articular surface.
  • the articular surface repair system may be formed or selected so that it will achieve a near anatomic fit or match with the surrounding or adjacent cartilage.
  • the articular surface repair system is formed and/or selected so that its outer margin located at the external surface will be aligned with the surrounding or adjacent cartilage.
  • the articular surface repair system can be designed to replace only the weight-bearing portion of an articular surface, for example in a femoral condyle.
  • the weight-bearing surface refers to the contact area between two opposing articular surfaces during activities of normal daily living. At least one or more weight-bearing portions can be replaced in this manner, e.g., on a femoral condyle and on a tibia.
  • an area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss can be identified in a weight-bearing area and only a portion of said weight-bearing area, specifically the portion containing said diseased cartilage or area of cartilage loss, can be replaced with an articular surface repair system.
  • the defect to be repaired is located only on one articular surface, typically the most diseased surface.
  • the articular surface repair system can only be applied to the medial femoral condyle.
  • the articular surface repair system is designed to achieve an exact or a near anatomic fit with the adjacent normal cartilage.
  • more than one articular surface can be repaired.
  • the area(s) of repair will be typically limited to areas of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss or areas slightly greater than the area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss within the weight-bearing surface(s).
  • the implant and/or the implant site can be sculpted to achieve a near anatomic alignment between the implant and the implant site.
  • an electronic image is used to measure the thickness, curvature, or shape of the articular cartilage or the subchondral bone, and/or the size of a defect, and an articular surface repair system is selected using this information.
  • the articular surface repair system can be inserted arthroscopically.
  • the articular surface repair system can have a single radius. More typically, however, the articular surface repair system 1100 can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g.
  • the articular surface repair system can be shaped to achieve a near anatomic alignment between the implant and the implant site. This design allows not even for different degrees of convexity or concavity, but also for concave portions within a predominantly convex shape or vice versa 1100 .
  • the superficial component can be designed so that its thickness and curvature will closely match that of the surrounding cartilage 1115 .
  • the superficial component can have more than one thickness in different portions of the articular repair system.
  • the superficial component can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g. anteroposterior or mediolateral or superoinferior or oblique planes, or within multiple planes.
  • the deep component can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g. anteroposterior or mediolateral or superoinferior or oblique planes, or within multiple planes.
  • the curvature of the deep component will be designed to follow that of the subchondral bone.
  • the articular surface repair system has a fixturing stem, for example, as described in the Background of U.S. Pat. No. 6,224,632.
  • the fixturing stem can have different shapes including conical, rectangular, fin among others.
  • the mating bone cavity is typically similarly shaped as the corresponding stem.
  • the articular surface repair system can be attached to the underlying bone or bone marrow using bone cement.
  • Bone cement is typically made from an acrylic polymeric material.
  • the bone cement is comprised of two components: a dry power component and a liquid component, which are subsequently mixed together.
  • the dry component generally includes an acrylic polymer, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • the dry component can also contain a polymerization initiator such as benzoylperoxide, which initiates the free-radical polymerization process that occurs when the bone cement is formed.
  • the liquid component on the other hand, generally contains a liquid monomer such as methyl methacrylate (MMA).
  • the liquid component can also contain an accelerator such as an amine (e.g., N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine).
  • a stabilizer such as hydroquinone, can also be added to the liquid component to prevent premature polymerization of the liquid monomer.
  • the liquid component is mixed with the dry component, the dry component begins to dissolve or swell in the liquid monomer.
  • the amine accelerator reacts with the initiator to form free radicals that begin to link monomer units to form polymer chains.
  • the polymerization process proceeds changing the viscosity of the mixture from a syrup-like consistency (low viscosity) into a dough-like consistency (high viscosity).
  • further polymerization and curing occur, causing the cement to harden and affix a prosthesis to a bone.
  • bone cement 955 or another liquid attachment material such as injectable calciumhydroxyapatite can be injected into the marrow cavity through one or more openings 950 in the prosthesis.
  • These openings in the prosthesis can extend from the articular surface to the undersurface of the prosthesis 960 . After injection, the openings can be closed with a polymer, silicon, metal, metal alloy or bioresorbable plug.
  • one or more components of the articular surface repair can be porous or porous coated.
  • a variety of different porous metal coatings have been proposed for enhancing fixation of a metallic prosthesis by bone tissue ingrowth.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,638 discloses a surgical prosthetic device, which may be used as a bone prosthesis, comprising a composite structure consisting of a solid metallic material substrate and a porous coating of the same solid metallic material adhered to and extending over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate.
  • the porous coating consists of a plurality of small discrete particles of metallic material bonded together at their points of contact with each other to define a plurality of connected interstitial pores in the coating.
  • the size and spacing of the particles which can be distributed in a plurality of monolayers, can be such that the average interstitial pore size is not more than about 200 microns. Additionally, the pore size distribution can be substantially uniform from the substrate-coating interface to the surface of the coating.
  • the articular surface repair system can contain one or more polymeric materials that can be loaded with and release therapeutic agents including drugs or other pharmacological treatments that can be used for drug delivery.
  • the polymeric materials can, for example, be placed inside areas of porous coating.
  • the polymeric materials can be used to release therapeutic drugs, e.g. bone or cartilage growth stimulating drugs.
  • portions of the articular surface repair system can be bioresorbable.
  • the superficial layer of an articular surface repair system or portions of its superficial layer can be bioresorbable. As the superficial layer gets increasingly resorbed, local release of a cartilage growth-stimulating drug can facilitate ingrowth of cartilage cells and matrix formation.
  • the articular surface repair system can be pre-manufactured with a range of sizes, curvatures and thicknesses.
  • the articular surface repair system can be custom-made for an individual patient.
  • the cartilage replacement or regenerating material can then be implanted into the area of the defect. Implantation can be performed with the cartilage replacement or regenerating material still attached to the base material or removed from the base material. Any suitable methods and devices may be used for implantation, for example, devices as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,375,658; 6,358,253; 6,328,765; and International Publication WO 01/19254.
  • the implantation site can be prepared with a single cut across the articular surface (FIG. 10).
  • single 1010 and multi-component 1020 prostheses can be utilized.
  • implantation can be facilitated by using a device applied to the outer surface of the articular cartilage in order to match the alignment of the donor tissue and the recipient site.
  • the device can be round, circular, oval, ellipsoid, curved or irregular in shape.
  • the shape is typically selected or adjusted to match or enclose an area of diseased cartilage or an area slightly larger than the area of diseased cartilage.
  • the inner aspect of the circle, oval, ellipse, curved or irregular shape can be open or hollow.
  • a rounded or curved joint surface such as a femoral condyle, a femoral head or a humeral head can protrude through the opening or the hollow portion.
  • the device can include a slit through which a blade can be introduced.
  • the device can include a blade holding mechanism or the blade can be integrated in the device.
  • a variety of materials can be employed, for example plastic (e.g., disposable, re-usable and/or sterilizable) devices.
  • translucent materials may be used, for example in order to achieve an improved match between the donor tissue and the recipient site.
  • the device can be used to remove an area of diseased cartilage and underlying bone or an area slightly larger than the diseased cartilage and underlying bone.
  • the device can be used on a “donor”, e.g. a cadaveric specimen to obtain implantable repair material.
  • the device is typically positioned in the same general anatomic area in which the tissue was removed in the recipient.
  • the shape of the device is then used to identify a donor site providing a seamless or near seamless match between the donor tissue sample and the recipient site. This is achieved by identifying the position of the device in which the articular surface in the donor, e.g. a cadaveric specimen has a seamless or near seamless contact with the inner surface when applied to the cartilage.
  • the device can be molded, machined or formed based on the size of the area of diseased cartilage and based on the curvature of the cartilage or the underlying subchondral bone or a combination of both.
  • the device can then be applied to the donor, (e.g., a cadaveric specimen) and the donor tissue can be obtained with use of a blade or saw or other tissue cutting device.
  • the device can then be applied to the recipient in the area of the diseased cartilage and the diseased cartilage and underlying bone can be removed with use of a blade or saw or other tissue cutting device whereby the size and shape of the removed tissue containing the diseased cartilage will closely resemble the size and shape of the donor tissue.
  • the donor tissue can then be attached to the recipient site.
  • said attachment can be achieved with use of screws or pins (e.g., metallic, non-metallic or bioresorable) or other fixation means including but not limited to a tissue adhesive. Attachment can be through the cartilage surface or alternatively, through the marrow space.
  • screws or pins e.g., metallic, non-metallic or bioresorable
  • fixation means including but not limited to a tissue adhesive. Attachment can be through the cartilage surface or alternatively, through the marrow space.
  • the implant site can be prepared with use of a robotic device.
  • the robotic device can use information from an electronic image for preparing the recipient site.

Abstract

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for producing articular repair materials and for repairing an articular surface. In particular, methods for providing articular replacement material, the method comprising the step of producing articular replacement material of selected size, curvature and/or thickness are provided. Also provided are articular surface repair systems designed to replace a selected area cartilage, for example, a system comprising at least one solid, non-pliable component and an external surface having near anatomic alignment to the surrounding structures.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims the benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 60/293,488 entitled “M[0001] ETHODS TO IMPROVE CARTILAGE REPAIR SYSTEMS”, filed May 25, 2001, U.S. Ser. No. 60/363,527, entitled “NOVEL DEVICES FOR CARTILAGE REPAIR, filed Mar. 12, 2002 and U.S. Ser. No. 60/380,695 and Unassigned, entitled “METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CARTILAGE REPAIR,” (Attorney Docket Number 6750-0005p2) and “METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR JOINT REPAIR,” (Attorney Docket Number 67500005p3), filed May 14, 2002, all of which applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The present invention relates to orthopedic methods, systems and prosthetic devices and more particularly relates to methods, systems and devices for articular resurfacing. [0002]
  • BACKGROUND
  • There are various types of cartilage, e.g., hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage is found at the articular surfaces of bones, e.g., in the joints, and is responsible for providing the smooth gliding motion characteristic of moveable joints. Articular cartilage is firmly attached to the underlying bones and measures typically less than 5 mm in thickness in human joints, with considerable variation depending on joint and site within the joint. In addition, articular cartilage is aneural, avascular, and alymphatic. In adult humans, this cartilage derives its nutrition by a double diffusion system through the synovial membrane and through the dense matrix of the cartilage to reach the chondrocyte, the cells that are found in the connective tissue of cartilage. [0003]
  • Adult cartilage has a limited ability of repair; thus, damage to cartilage produced by disease, such as rheumatoid and/or osteoarthritis, or trauma can lead to serious physical deformity and debilitation. Furthermore, as human articular cartilage ages, its tensile properties change. The superficial zone of the knee articular cartilage exhibits an increase in tensile strength up to the third decade of life, after which it decreases markedly with age as detectable damage to type II collagen occurs at the articular surface. The deep zone cartilage also exhibits a progressive decrease in tensile strength with increasing age, although collagen content does not appear to decrease. These observations indicate that there are changes in mechanical and, hence, structural organization of cartilage with aging that, if sufficiently developed, can predispose cartilage to traumatic damage. [0004]
  • Usually, severe damage or loss of cartilage is treated by replacement of the joint with a prosthetic material, for example, silicone, e.g. for cosmetic repairs, or metal alloys. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,383,228, issued May 7, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,576, issued Mar. 20, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,126,690, issued Oct. 3, 2000. Implantation of prosthetic devices is usually associated with loss of underlying tissue and bone without recovery of the full function allowed by the original cartilage. Serious long-term complications associated with the presence of a permanent foreign body can include infection, osteolysis and also loosening of the implant. [0005]
  • Further, joint arthroplasties are highly invasive and require surgical resection of the entire or the majority of the articular surface of one or more bones. With these procedures, the marrow space is reamed in order to fit the stem of the prosthesis. The reaming results in a loss of the patient's bone stock. [0006]
  • Osteolysis will frequently lead to loosening of the prosthesis. The prosthesis will subsequently have to be replaced. Since the patient's bone stock is limited, the number of possible replacement surgeries is also limited for joint arthroplasty. In short, over the course of 15 to 20 years, and in some cases shorter time periods, the patients may run out of therapeutic options resulting in a very painful, non-functional joint. [0007]
  • The use of matrices, tissue scaffolds or other carriers implanted with cells (e.g., chrondrocytes, chondrocyte progenitors, stromal cells, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) has also been described as a potential treatment for cartilage repair. See, also, International Publications WO; 99/51719; WO 01/91672 and WO 01/17463;U.S. Pat. No. 5,283,980 B1, issued Sep. 4, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 5,842,477, issued Dec. 1, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,769,899, issued Jun. 23, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 4,609,551, issued Sep. 2, 1986; U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,138, issued Aug. 20, 199; U.S. Pat. No. 5,197,985, issued Mar. 30, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,914, issued Jul. 13, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 6,328,765, issued Dec. 11, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,281,195, issued Aug. 28, 2001; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,846,835, issued Jul. 11, 1989. However, clinical outcomes with biologic replacement materials such as allograft and autograft systems and tissue scaffolds have been uncertain since most of these materials cannot achieve a morphologic arrangement or structure similar to or identical to that of normal, disease-free human tissue. Moreover, the mechanical durability of these biologic replacement materials is not certain. [0008]
  • Despite the large number of studies in the area of cartilage repair, the integration of the cartilage replacement material with the surrounding cartilage of the patient has proven difficult. In particular, integration can be extremely difficult due to differences in thickness and curvature between the surrounding cartilage and/or the underlying subchondral bone and the cartilage replacement material. [0009]
  • Thus, there remains a need for methods and compositions for joint repair, including methods and compositions that facilitate the integration between the cartilage replacement system and the surrounding cartilage. [0010]
  • SUMMARY
  • The present invention provides novel devices and methods for replacing a portion (e.g., diseased area and/or area slightly larger than the diseased area) of a joint (e.g., cartilage and/or bone) with a non-pliable, non-liquid (e.g., hard) implant material, where the implant achieves a near anatomic fit with the surrounding structures and tissues. In cases where the devices and/or methods include an element associated with the underlying articular bone, the invention also provides that the bone-associated element achieves a near anatomic alignment with the subchondral bone. The invention also provides for the preparation of an implantation site a single cut. [0011]
  • In one aspect, the invention includes a method for providing articular replacement material, the method comprising the step of producing articular replacement (e.g., cartilage replacement material) of selected dimensions (e.g., size, thickness and/or curvature). [0012]
  • In another aspect, the invention includes a method of making cartilage repair material, the method comprising the steps of (a) measuring the dimensions (e.g., thickness, curvature and/or size) of the intended implantation site or the dimensions of the area surrounding the intended implantation site; and (b) providing cartilage replacement material that conforms to the measurements obtained in step (a). In certain aspects, step (b) comprises measuring the thickness of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site. In other embodiments, step (a) comprises measuring the size of the intended implantation site and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site. In other embodiments, step (a) comprises measuring the thickness of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site, measuring the size of the intended implantation site, and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site. [0013]
  • In any of the methods described herein, or more components of the articular replacement material (e.g., the cartilage replacement material) is non-pliable, non-liquid, solid or hard. The dimensions of the replacement material may be selected following intraoperative measurements, for example measurements made using imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, x-ray imaging obtained with x-ray dye and fluoroscopic imaging. A mechanical probe (with or without imaging capabilities) may also be used to selected dimensions, for example an ultrasound probe, a laser, an optical probe and a deformable material. [0014]
  • In any of the methods described herein, the replacement material may be selected (for example, from a pre-existing library of repair systems), grown from cells and/or hardened from various materials. Thus, the material can be produced pre- or postoperatively. Furthermore, in any of the methods described herein the repair material may also be shaped (e.g., manually, automatically or by machine), for example using mechanical abrasion, laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation and/or enzymatic digestion. [0015]
  • In any of the methods described herein, the articular replacement material may comprise synthetic materials (e.g., metals, polymers, alloys or combinations thereof) or biological materials such as stem cells, fetal cells or chondrocyte cells. [0016]
  • In another aspect, the invention includes a method of repairing a cartilage in a subject, the method of comprising the step of implantating cartilage repair material prepared according to any of the methods described herein. [0017]
  • In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of determining the curvature of an articular surface, the method comprising the step of (a) intraoperatively measuring the curvature of the articular surface using a mechanical probe. The articular surface may comprise cartilage and/or subchondral bone. The mechanical probe (with or without imaging capabilities) may include, for example an ultrasound probe, a laser, an optical probe and/or a deformable material. [0018]
  • In a still further aspect, the invention provides a method of producing an articular replacement material comprising the step of providing an articular replacement material that conforms to the measurements obtained by any of the methods of described herein. [0019]
  • In a still further aspect, the invention includes a partial articular prosthesis comprising a first component comprising a cartilage replacement material; and a second component comprising one or more metals, wherein said second component has a curvature similar to subchondral bone, wherein said prosthesis comprises less than about 80% of the articular surface. In certain embodiments, the first and/or second component comprises a non-pliable material (e.g., a metal, a polymer, a metal allow, a solid biological material). Other materials that may be included in the first and/or second components include polymers, biological materials, metals, metal alloys or combinations thereof. Furthermore, one or both components may be smooth or porous (or porous coated). In certain embodiments, the first component exhibits biomechanical properties (e.g., elasticity, resistance to axial loading or shear forces) similar to articular cartilage. The first and/or second component can be bioresorbable and, in addition, the first or second components may be adapted to receive injections. [0020]
  • In another aspect, a partial articular prosthesis comprising an external surface located in the load bearing area of an articular surface, wherein the dimensions of said external surface achieve a near anatomic fit with the adjacent cartilage is provided. The prosthesis of may further comprise one or more metals or metal alloys. [0021]
  • In yet another aspect, an articular repair system comprising (a) cartilage replacement material, wherein said cartilage replacement material has a curvature similar to surrounding or adjacent cartilage; and (b) at least one non-biologic material, wherein said articular surface repair system comprises a portion of the articular surface equal to or smaller than the weight-bearing surface is provided. In certain embodiments, the cartilage replacement material is non-pliable (e.g., hard hydroxyapatite, etc.). In certain embodiments, the system exhibits biomechanical (e.g., elasticity, resistance to axial loading or shear forces) and/or biochemical properties similar to articular cartilage. The first and/or second component can be bioresorbable and, in addition, the first or second components may be adapted to receive injections. [0022]
  • In a still further aspect of the invention, an articular surface repair system comprising a first component comprising a cartilage replacement material, wherein said first component has dimensions similar to that of adjacent or surrounding cartilage; and a second component, wherein said second component has a curvature similar to subchondral bone, wherein said articular surface repair system comprises less than about 80% of the articular surface (e.g., a single femoral condyle, tibia, etc.) is provided. In certain embodiments, the first component is non-pliable (e.g., hard hydroxyapatite, etc.). In certain embodiments, the system exhibits biomechanical (e.g., elasticity, resistance to axial loading or shear forces) and/or biochemical properties similar to articular cartilage. The first and/or second component can be bioresorbable and, in addition, the first or second components may be adapted to receive injections. In certain embodiments, the first component has a curvature and thickness similar to that of adjacent or surrounding cartilage. The thickness and/or curvature may vary across the implant material. [0023]
  • In a still further embodiment, a partial articular prosthesis comprising (a) a metal or metal alloy; and (b) an external surface located in the load bearing area of an articular surface, wherein the external surface designed to achieve a near anatomic fit with the adjacent cartilage is provided. [0024]
  • Any of the repair systems or prostheses described herein (e.g., the external surface) may comprise a polymeric material, for example attached to said metal or metal alloy. Further, any of the systems or prostheses described herein can be adapted to receive injections, for example, through an opening in the external surface of said cartilage replacement material (e.g., an opening in the external surface terminates in a plurality of openings on the bone surface). Bone cement, therapeutics, and/or other bioactive substances may be injected through the opening(s). In certain embodiments, bone cement is injected under pressure in order to achieve permeation of portions of the marrow space with bone cement. [0025]
  • These and other embodiments of the subject invention will readily occur to those of skill in the art in light of the disclosure herein.[0026]
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • The file of this patent contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Patent and Trademark Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. [0027]
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart depicting various methods of the present invention including, measuring the size of an area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss, measuring the thickness of the adjacent cartilage, and measuring the curvature of the articular surface and/or subchondral bone. Based on this information, a best fitting implant can be selected from a library of implants or a patient specific custom implant can be generated. The implantation site is subsequently prepared and the implantation is performed. [0028]
  • FIG. 2 is a color reproduction of a three-dimensional thickness map of the articular cartilage of the distal femur. Three-dimensional thickness maps can be generated, for example, from ultrasound, CT or MRI data. Dark holes within the substances of the cartilage indicate areas of full thickness cartilage loss. [0029]
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a Placido disc of concentrically arranged circles of light. [0030]
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a projected Placido disc on a surface of fixed curvature. [0031]
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of a 2D color-coded topographical map of an irregularly curved surface. [0032]
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a 3D color-coded topographical map of an irregularly curved surface. [0033]
  • FIG. 7 shows a reflection resulting from a projection of concentric circles of light (Placido Disk) on each femoral condyle, demonstrating the effect of variation in surface contour on the reflected circles. [0034]
  • FIGS. [0035] 8A-H are schematics of various stages of knee resurfacing. FIG. 8A shows an example of normal thickness cartilage in the anterior, central and posterior portion of a femoral condyle 800 and a cartilage defect 805 in the posterior portion of the femoral condyle. FIG. 8B shows an imaging technique or a mechanical, optical, laser or ultrasound device measuring the thickness and detecting a sudden change in thickness indicating the margins of a cartilage defect 810. FIG. 8C shows a weight-bearing surface 815 mapped onto the articular cartilage. Cartilage defect 805 is located within the weight-bearing surface 815. FIG. 8D shows an intended implantation site (stippled line) 820 and cartilage defect 805. The implantation site 820 is slightly larger than the area of diseased cartilage 805. FIG. 8E depicts placement of a single component articular surface repair system 825. The external surface of the articular surface repair system 826 has a curvature similar to that of the surrounding cartilage 800 resulting in good postoperative alignment between the surrounding normal cartilage 800 and the articular surface repair system 825. FIG. 8F shows an exemplary multi-component articular surface repair system 830. The distal surface of the deep component 832 has a curvature similar to that of the adjacent subchondral bone 835. The external surface of the superficial component 837 has a thickness and curvature similar to that of the surrounding normal cartilage 800. FIG. 8G shows an exemplary single component articular surface repair system 840 with a peripheral margin 845 substantially non-perpendicular to the surrounding or adjacent normal cartilage 800. FIG. 8H shows an exemplary multi-component articular surface repair system 850 with a peripheral margin 845 substantially non-perpendicular to the surrounding or adjacent normal cartilage 800.
  • FIG. 9, A through E, are schematics depicting exemplary knee imaging and resurfacing. FIG. 9A is a schematic depicting a magnified view of an area of [0036] diseased cartilage 905 demonstrating decreased cartilage thickness when compared to the surrounding normal cartilage 900. The margins 910 of the defect have been determined. FIG. 9B is a schematic depicting measurement of cartilage thickness 915 adjacent to the defect 905. FIG. 9C is a schematic depicting placement of a multi-component mini-prosthesis 915 for articular resurfacing. The thickness 920 of the superficial component 923 closely approximates that of the adjacent normal cartilage 900 and varies in different regions of the prosthesis. The curvature of the distal portion of the deep component 925 is similar to that of the adjacent subchondral bone 930. FIG. 9D is a schematic depicting placement of a single component mini-prosthesis 940 utilizing fixturing stems 945. FIG. 9E depicts placement of a single component mini-prosthesis 940 utilizing fixturing stems 945 and an opening 950 for injection of bone cement 955. The mini-prosthesis has an opening at the external surface 950 for injecting bone cement 955 or other liquids. The bone cement 955 can freely extravasate into the adjacent bone and marrow space from several openings at the undersurface of the mini-prosthesis 960 thereby anchoring the mini-prosthesis.
  • FIGS. 10A to C, are schematics depicting other exemplary knee resurfacing devices and methods. FIG. 10A is a schematic depicting normal thickness cartilage in the anterior and central and posterior portion of a [0037] femoral condyle 1000 and a large area of diseased cartilage 1005 in the posterior portion of the femoral condyle. FIG. 10B depicts placement of a single component articular surface repair system 1010. The implantation site has been prepared with a single cut. The articular surface repair system is not perpendicular to the adjacent normal cartilage 1000. FIG. 10C depicts a multi-component articular surface repair system 1020. The implantation site has been prepared with a single cut. The deep component 1030 has a curvature similar to that of the adjacent subchondral bone 1035. The superficial component 1040 has a curvature similar to that of the adjacent cartilage 1000.
  • FIGS. 11A and B show exemplary single and multiple component devices. FIG. 11A shows an exemplary a single component articular [0038] surface repair system 1100 with varying curvature and radii. In this case, the articular surface repair system is chosen to include convex and concave portions. Such devices can be preferable in a lateral femoral condyle or small joints such as the elbow joint. FIG. 11B depicts a multi-component articular surface repair system with a deep component 1110 that mirrors the shape of the subchondral bone and a superficial component 1105 closely matching the shape and curvature of the surrounding normal cartilage 1115. The deep component 1110 and the superficial component 1105 demonstrate varying curvatures and radii with convex and concave portions.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The current invention provides for methods and devices for integration of cartilage replacement or regenerating materials. [0039]
  • Before describing the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular formulations or process parameters as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments of the invention only, and is not intended to be limiting. [0040]
  • The practice of the present invention employs, unless otherwise indicated, conventional methods of x-ray imaging and processing, x-ray tomosynthesis, ultrasound including A-scan, B-scan and C-scan, computed tomography (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical coherence tomography, single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) within the skill of the art. Such techniques are explained fully in the literature. See, e.g., X-Ray Structure Determination: A Practical Guide, 2nd Edition, editors Stout and Jensen, 1989, John Wiley & Sons, publisher; Body CT: A Practical Approach, editor Slone, 1999, McGraw-Hill publisher; X-ray Diagnosis: A Physician's Approach, editor Lam, 1998 Springer-Verlag, publisher; and Dental Radiology: Understanding the X-Ray Image, editor Laetitia Brocklebank 1997, Oxford University Press publisher. [0041]
  • All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein, whether above or below, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. [0042]
  • It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an implantation site” includes a one or more such sites. [0043]
  • Definitions [0044]
  • Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice for testing of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. [0045]
  • The term “arthritis” refers to a group of conditions characterized by progressive deterioration of joints. Thus, the term encompasses a group of different diseases including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies and posttraumatic joint deformity. [0046]
  • The term “articular” refers to any joint. Thus, “articular cartilage” refers to cartilage in a joint such as a knee, ankle, hip, etc. The term “articular surface” refers to a surface of an articulating bone that is covered by cartilage. For example, in a knee joint several different articular surfaces are present, e.g. in the patella, the medial femoral condyle, the lateral femoral condyle, the medial tibial plateau and the lateral tibial plateau. [0047]
  • The term “weight-bearing surface” refers to the contact area between two opposing articular surfaces during activities of normal daily living. [0048]
  • The term “cartilage” or “cartilage tissue” as used herein is generally recognized in the art, and refers to a specialized type of dense connective tissue comprising cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) (see, for example, Cormack, 1987, Ham's Histology, 9th Ed., J. B. Lippincott Co., pp. 266-272). The biochemical composition of cartilage differs according to type Several types of cartilage are recognized in the art, including, for example, hyaline cartilage such as that found within the joints, fibrous cartilage such as that found within the meniscus and costal regions, and elastic cartilage. Hyaline cartilage, for example, comprises chondrocytes surrounded by a dense ECM consisting of collagen, proteoglycans and water. Fibrocartilage can form in areas of hyaline cartilage, for example after an injury or, more typically, after certain types of surgery. The production of any type of cartilage is intended to fall within the scope of the invention. [0049]
  • Furthermore, although described primarily in relation to methods for use in humans, the invention may also be practiced so as repair cartilage tissue in any mammal in need thereof, including horses, dogs, cats, sheep, pigs, among others. The treatment of such animals is intended to fall within the scope of the invention. [0050]
  • The terms “articular repair system” and “articular surface repair system” include any system (including, for example, compositions, devices and techniques) to repair, to replace or to regenerate a portion of a joint or an entire joint. The term encompasses systems that repair articular cartilage, articular bone or both bone and cartilage. Articular surface repair systems may also include a meniscal repair system (e.g., meniscal repair system can be composed of a biologic or non-biologic material), for example a meniscal repair system having biomechanical and/or biochemical properties similar to that of healthy menisci. See, for example, U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2002/00228841A1. The meniscal repair system can be surgically or arthroscopically attached to the joint capsule or one or more ligaments. Non-limiting examples of repair systems include autologous chondrocyte transplantation, osteochondral allografting, osteochondral autografting, tibial corticotomy, femoral and/or tibial osteotomy. Repair systems also include treatment with cartilage or bone tissue grown ex vivo, stem cells, cartilage material grown with use of stem cells, fetal cells or immature or mature cartilage cells, an artificial non-human material, an agent that stimulates repair of diseased cartilage tissue, an agent that stimulates growth of cells, an agent that protects diseased cartilage tissue and that protects adjacent normal cartilage tissue. Articular repair systems include also treatment with a cartilage tissue transplant, a cartilage tissue graft, a cartilage tissue implant, a cartilage tissue scaffold, or any other cartilage tissue replacement or regenerating material. Articular repair systems include also surgical tools that facilitate the surgical procedure required for articular repair, for example tools that prepare the area of diseased cartilage tissue and/or subchondral bone for receiving, for example, a cartilage tissue replacement or regenerating material. The term “non-pliable” refers to material that cannot be significantly bent but may retain elasticity. [0051]
  • The terms “replacement material” or “regenerating material” include a broad range of natural and/or synthetic materials used in the methods described herein, for example, cartilage or bone tissue grown ex vivo, stem cells, cartilage material grown from stem cells, stem cells, fetal cell, immature or mature cartilage cells, an agent that stimulates growth of cells, an artificial non-human material, a cartilage tissue transplant, a cartilage tissue graft, a cartilage tissue implant, a cartilage tissue scaffold, or a cartilage tissue regenerating material. The term includes biological materials isolated from various sources (e.g., cells) as well as modified (e.g., genetically modified) materials and/or combinations of isolated and modified materials. [0052]
  • The term “imaging test” includes, but is not limited to, x-ray based techniques (such as conventional film based x-ray films, digital x-ray images, single and dual x-ray absorptiometry, radiographic absorptiometry); digital x-ray tomosynthesis, x-ray imaging including digital x-ray tomosynthesis with use of x-ray contrast agents, for example after intra-articular injection, ultrasound including broadband ultrasound attenuation measurement and speed of sound measurements, A-scan, B-scan and C-scan; computed tomography; nuclear scintigraphy; SPECT; positron emission tomography, optical coherence tomography and MRI. One or more of these imaging tests may be used in the methods described herein, for example in order to obtain certain morphological information about one or several tissues such as bone including bone mineral density and curvature of the subchondral bone, cartilage including biochemical composition of cartilage, cartilage thickness, cartilage volume, cartilage curvature, size of an area of diseased cartilage, severity of cartilage disease or cartilage loss, marrow including marrow composition, synovium including synovial inflammation, lean and fatty tissue, and thickness, dimensions and volume of soft and hard tissues. The imaging test can be performed with use of a contrast agent, such as Gd-DTPA in the case of MRI. The term “A-scan” refers to an ultrasonic technique where an ultrasonic source transmits an ultrasonic wave into an object, such as patient's body, and the amplitude of the returning echoes (signals) are recorded as a function of time. Only structures that lie along the direction of propagation are interrogated. As echoes return from interfaces within the object or tissue, the transducer crystal produces a voltage that is proportional to the echo intensity. The sequence of signal acquisition and processing of the A-scan data in a modem ultrasonic instrument usually occurs in six major steps: [0053]
  • (1) Detection of the echo (signal) occurs via mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric crystal and is converted to an electric signal having a small voltage. [0054]
  • (2) Preamplification of the electronic signal from the crystal, into a more useful range of voltages is usually necessary to ensure appropriate signal processing. [0055]
  • (3) Time Gain Compensation compensates for the attenuation of the ultrasonic signal with time, which arises from travel distance. Time gain compensation may be user-adjustable and may be changed to meet the needs of the specific application. Usually, the ideal time gain compensation curve corrects the signal for the depth of the reflective boundary. Time gain compensation works by increasing the amplification factor of the signal as a function of time after the ultrasonic pulse has been emitted. Thus, reflective boundaries having equal abilities to reflect ultrasonic waves will have equal ultrasonic signals, regardless of the depth of the boundary. [0056]
  • (4) Compression of the time compensated signal can be accomplished using logarithmic amplification to reduce the large dynamic range (range of smallest to largest signals) of the echo amplitudes. Small signals are made larger and large signals are made smaller. This step provides a convenient scale for display of the amplitude variations on the limited gray scale range of a monitor. [0057]
  • (5) Rectification, demodulation and envelope detection of the high frequency electronic signal permits the sampling and digitization of the echo amplitude free of variations induced by the sinusoidal nature of the waveform. [0058]
  • (6) Rejection level adjustment sets the threshold of signal amplitudes that are permitted to enter a data storage, processing or display system. Rejection of lower signal amplitudes reduces noise levels from scattered ultrasonic signals. [0059]
  • The term “B-scan” refers to an ultrasonic technique where the amplitude of the detected returning echo is recorded as a function of the transmission time, the relative location of the detector in the probe and the signal amplitude. This is often represented by the brightness of a visual element, such as a pixel, in a two-dimensional image. The position of the pixel along the y-axis represents the depth, i.e. half the time for the echo to return to the transducer (for one half of the distance traveled). The position along the x-axis represents the location of the returning echoes relative to the long axis of the transducer, i.e. the location of the pixel either in a superoinferior or mediolateral direction or a combination of both. The display of multiple adjacent scan lines creates a composite two-dimensional image that portrays the general contour of internal organs. [0060]
  • The term “C-scan” refers to an ultrasonic technique where additional gating electronics are incorporated into a B-scan to eliminate interference from underlying or overlying structures by scanning at a constant-depth. An interface reflects part of the ultrasonic beam energy. All interfaces along the scan line may contribute to the measurement. The gating electronics of the C-mode rejects all returning echoes except those received during a specified time interval. Thus, only scan data obtained from a specific depth range are recorded. Induced signals outside the allowed period are not amplified and, thus, are not processed and displayed. C-mode-like methods are also described herein for A-scan techniques and devices in order to reduce the probe/skin interface reflection. The term “repair” is used in a broad sense to refer to one or more repairs to damaged joints (e.g., cartilage or bone) or to replacement of one or more components or regions of the joint. Thus, the term encompasses both repair (e.g., one or more portions of a cartilage and/or layers of cartilage or bone) and replacement (e.g., of an entire cartilage). [0061]
  • General Overview [0062]
  • The present invention provides methods and compositions for repairing joints, particularly for repairing articular cartilage and for facilitating the integration of a wide variety of cartilage repair materials into a subject. Among other things, the techniques described herein allow for the customization of cartilage repair material to suit a particular subject, for example in terms of size, cartilage thickness and/or curvature. When the shape (e.g., size, thickness and/or curvature) of the articular cartilage surface is an exact or near anatomic fit with the non-damaged cartilage or with the subjects original cartilage, the success of repair is enhanced. The repair material may be shaped prior to implantation and such shaping can be based, for example, on electronic images that provide information regarding curvature or thickness of any “normal” cartilage surrounding the defect and/or on curvature of the bone underlying the defect. Thus, the current invention provides, among other things, for minimally invasive methods for partial joint replacement. The methods will require only minimal or, in some instances, no loss in bone stock. Additionally, unlike with current techniques, the methods described herein will help to restore the integrity of the articular surface by achieving an exact or near anatomic match between the implant and the surrounding or adjacent cartilage and/or subchondral bone. [0063]
  • Advantages of the present invention can include, but are not limited to, (i) customization of joint repair, thereby enhancing the efficacy and comfort level for the patient following the repair procedure; (ii) eliminating the need for a surgeon to measure the defect to be repaired intraoperatively in some embodiments; (iii) eliminating the need for a surgeon to shape the material during the implantation procedure; (iv) providing methods of evaluating curvature of the repair material based on bone or tissue images or based on intraoperative probing techniques; (v) providing methods of repairing joints with only minimal or, in some instances, no loss in bone stock; and (vi) improving postoperative joint congruity. [0064]
  • Thus, the methods described herein allow for the design and use of joint repair material that more precisely fits the defect (e.g., site of implantation) and, accordingly, provides improved repair of the joint. [0065]
  • 1.0. Assessment of Defects [0066]
  • The methods and compositions described herein may be used to treat defects resulting from disease of the cartilage (e.g., osteoarthritis), bone damage, cartilage damage, trauma, and/or degeneration due to overuse or age. The invention allows, among other things, a health practitioner to evaluate and treat such defects. The size, volume and shape of the area of interest may include only the region of cartilage that has the defect, but preferably will also include contiguous parts of the cartilage surrounding the cartilage defect. [0067]
  • Size, curvature and/or thickness measurements can be obtained using any suitable techniques, for example in one direction, two directions, and/or in three dimensions for example, using suitable mechanical means, laser devices, molds, materials applied to the articular surface that harden and “memorize the surface contour,” and/or one or more imaging techniques. Measurements may be obtained non-invasively and/or intraoperatively (e.g., using a probe or other surgical device). [0068]
  • 1.1. Imaging Techniques [0069]
  • Non-limiting examples of imaging techniques suitable for measuring thickness and/or curvature (e.g., of cartilage and/or bone) or size of areas of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss include the use of x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography scanning (CT, also known as computerized axial tomography or CAT), optical coherence tomography, SPECT, PET, ultrasound imaging techniques, and optical imaging techniques. (See, also, International Patent Publication WO 02/22014; U.S. Pat. No. 6,373,250 and Vandeberg et al. (2002) Radiology 222:430-436). [0070]
  • In certain embodiments, CT or MRI is used to assess tissue, bone, cartilage and any defects therein, for example cartilage lesions or areas of diseased cartilage, to obtain information on subchondral bone or cartilage degeneration and to provide morphologic or biochemical or biomechanical information about the area of damage. Specifically, changes such as fissuring, partial or full thickness cartilage loss, and signal changes within residual cartilage can be detected using one or more of these methods. For discussions of the basic NMR principles and techniques, see MRI Basic Principles and Applications, Second Edition, Mark A. Brown and Richard C. Semelka, Wiley-Liss, Inc. (1999). For a discussion of MRI including conventional T1 and T2-weighted spin-echo imaging, gradient recalled echo (GRE) imaging, magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) imaging, fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging, contrast enhanced imaging, rapid acquisition relaxation enhancement, (RARE) imaging, gradient echo acquisition in the steady state, (GRASS), and driven equilibrium Fourier transform (DEFT) imaging, to obtain information on cartilage, see WO 02/22014. Thus, in preferred embodiments, the measurements are three-dimensional images obtained as described in WO 02/22014. Three-dimensional internal images, or maps, of the cartilage alone or in combination with a movement pattern of the joint can be obtained. Three-dimensional internal images can include information on biochemical composition of the articular cartilage. In addition, imaging techniques can be compared over time, for example to provide up to date information on the size and type of repair material needed. [0071]
  • Any of the imaging devices described herein may also be used intra-operatively (see, also below), for example using a hand-held ultrasound and/or optical probe to image the articular surface intra-operatively. [0072]
  • 1.2. Intra-operative Measurements [0073]
  • Alternatively, or in addition to, non-invasive imaging techniques, measurements of the size of an area of diseased cartilage or an area of cartilage loss, measurements of cartilage thickness and/or curvature of cartilage or bone can be obtained intraoperatively during arthroscopy or open arthrotomy. Intraoperative measurements may or may not involve actual contact with one or more areas of the articular surfaces. [0074]
  • Devices to obtain intraoperative measurements of cartilage, and to generate a topographical map of the surface include but are not limited to, Placido disks and laser interferometers, and/or deformable materials. (See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,382,028; 6,057,927; 5,523,843; 5,847,804; and 5,684,562). For example, a Placido disk (a concentric array that projects well-defined circles of light of varying radii, generated either with laser or white light transported via optical fiber) can be attached to the end of an endoscopic device (or to any probe, for example a hand-held probe) so that the circles of light are projected onto the cartilage surface. One or more imaging cameras can be used (e.g., attached to the device) to capture the reflection of the circles. Mathematical analysis is used to determine the surface curvature. The curvature can then be visualized on a monitor as a color-coded, topographical map of the cartilage surface. Additionally, a mathematical model of the topographical map can be used to determine the ideal surface topography to replace any cartilage defects in the area analyzed. This computed, ideal surface can then also be visualized on the monitor, and is used to select the curvature of the replacement material or regenerating material. [0075]
  • Similarly a laser interferometer can also be attached to the end of an endoscopic device. In addition, a small sensor may be attached to the device in order to determine the cartilage surface curvature using phase shift interferometry, producing a fringe pattern analysis phase map (wave front) visualization of the cartilage surface. The curvature can then be visualized on a monitor as a color coded, topographical map of the cartilage surface. Additionally, a mathematical model of the topographical map can be used to determine the ideal surface topography to replace any cartilage defects in the area analyzed. This computed, ideal surface can then also visualized on the monitor, and can be used to select the curvature of the replacement cartilage. [0076]
  • One skilled in the art will readily recognize other techniques for optical measurements of the cartilage surface curvature. [0077]
  • Mechanical devices (e.g., probes) may also be used for intraoperative measurements, for example, deformable materials such as gels, molds, any hardening materials (e.g., materials that remain deformable until they are heated, cooled, or otherwise manipulated). See, e.g., WO 02/34310. For example, a deformable gel can be applied to a femoral condyle. The side of the gel pointing towards the condyle will yield a negative impression of the surface contour of the condyle. Said negative impression can be used to determine the size of a defect, the depth of a defect and the curvature of the articular surface in and adjacent to a defect. This information can be used to select a therapy, e.g. an articular surface repair system. In another example, a hardening material can be applied to an articular surface, e.g. a femoral condyle or a tibial plateau. Said hardening material will remain on the articular surface until hardening has occurred. The hardening material will then be removed from the articular surface. The side of the hardening material pointing towards the articular surface will yield a negative impression of the articular surface. The negative impression can be used to determine the size of a defect, the depth of a defect and the curvature of the articular surface in and adjacent to a defect. This information can be used to select a therapy, e.g. an articular surface repair system. [0078]
  • In certain embodiments, the deformable material comprises a plurality of individually moveable mechanical elements. When pressed against the surface of interest, each element may be pushed in the opposing direction and the extent to which it is pushed (deformed) will correspond to the curvature of the surface of interest. The device may include a brake mechanism so that the elements are maintained in the position that mirrors the surface of the cartilage and/or bone. The device can then be removed from the patient and analyzed for curvature. Alternatively, each individual moveable element may include markers indicating the amount and/or degree they are deformed at a given spot. A camera can be used to intra-operatively image the device and the image can be saved and analyzed for curvature information. Suitable markers include, but are not limited to, actual linear measurements (metric or imperial), different colors corresponding to different amounts of deformation and/or different shades or hues of the same color(s). [0079]
  • Other devices to measure cartilage and subchondral bone intraoperatively include, for example, ultrasound probes. An ultrasound probe, preferably handheld, can be applied to the cartilage and the curvature of the cartilage and/or the subchondral bone can be measured. Moreover, the size of a cartilage defect can be assessed and the thickness of the articular cartilage can be determined. Such ultrasound measurements can be obtained in A-mode, B-mode, or C-mode. If A-mode measurements are obtained, an operator will typically repeat the measurements with several different probe orientations, e.g. mediolateral and anteroposterior, in order to derive a three-dimensional assessment of size, curvature and thickness. [0080]
  • One skilled in the art will easily recognize that different probe designs are possible using said optical, laser interferometry, mechanical and ultrasound probes. The probes are preferably handheld. In certain embodiments, the probes or at least a portion of the probe, typically the portion that is in contact with the tissue, will be sterile. Sterility can be achieved with use of sterile covers, for example similar to those disclosed in WO9908598A1. [0081]
  • Analysis on the curvature of the articular cartilage or subchondral bone using imaging tests and/or intraoperative measurements can be used to determine the size of an area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss. For example, the curvature can change abruptly in areas of cartilage loss. Such abrupt or sudden changes in curvature can be used to detect the boundaries of diseased cartilage or cartilage defects. [0082]
  • 1.3. Models [0083]
  • Using information on thickness and curvature of the cartilage, a physical model of the surfaces of the articular cartilage and of the underlying bone can be created. This physical model can be representative of a limited area within the joint or it can encompass the entire joint. For example, in the knee joint, the physical model can encompass only the medial or lateral femoral condyle, both femoral condyles and the notch region, the medial tibial plateau, the lateral tibial plateau, the entire tibial plateau, the medial patella, the lateral patella, the entire patella or the entire joint. The location of a diseased area of cartilage can be determined, for example using a 3D coordinate system or a 3D Euclidian distance as described in WO 02/22014. [0084]
  • In this way, the size of the defect to be repaired can be determined. As will be apparent, some, but not all, defects will include less than the entire cartilage. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the normal or only mildly diseased cartilage surrounding one or more cartilage defects is measured. This thickness measurement can be obtained at a single point or, preferably, at multiple points, for example 2 point, 4-6 points, 7-10 points, more than 10 points or over the length of the entire remaining cartilage. Furthermore, once the size of the defect is determined, an appropriate therapy (e.g., articular repair system) can be selected such that as much as possible of the healthy, surrounding tissue is preserved. [0085]
  • In other embodiments, the curvature of the articular surface can be measured to design and/or shape the repair material. Further, both the thickness of the remaining cartilage and the curvature of the articular surface can be measured to design and/or shape the repair material. Alternatively, the curvature of the subchondral bone can be measured and the resultant measurement(s) can be used to either select or shape a cartilage replacement material. [0086]
  • 2.0. Repair Materials [0087]
  • A wide variety of materials find use in the practice of the present invention, including, but not limited to, plastics, metals, ceramics, biological materials (e.g., collagen or other extracellular matrix materials), hydroxyapatite, cells (e.g., stem cells, chondrocyte cells or the like), or combinations thereof. Based on the information (e.g., measurements) obtained regarding the defect and the articular surface and/or the subchondral bone, a repair material can be formed or selected. Further, using one or more of these techniques described herein, a cartilage replacement or regenerating material having a curvature that will fit into a particular cartilage defect, will follow the contour and shape of the articular surface, and will match the thickness of the surrounding cartilage can be made. The repair material may include any combination of materials, and preferably includes at least one non-pliable (hard) material. [0088]
  • 2.1. Metal and Polymeric Repair Materials [0089]
  • Currently, joint repair systems often employ metal and/or polymeric materials including, for example, prosthesis which are anchored into the underlying bone (e.g., a femur in the case of a knee prosthesis). See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,203,576 and 6,322,588 and references cited therein. A wide-variety of metals may find use in the practice of the present invention, and may be selected based on any criteria, for example, based on resiliency to impart a desired degree of rigidity. Non-limiting examples of suitable metals include silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, copper, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, zinc, titanium, cobalt, stainless steel, nickel, iron alloys, cobalt alloys, such as Elgiloy®, a cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy, and MP35N, a nickel-cobaltchromium-molybdenum alloy, and Nitinol™, a nickel-titanium alloy, aluminum, manganese, iron, tantalum, other metals that can slowly form polyvalent metal ions, for example to inhibit calcification of implanted substrates in contact with a patient's bodily fluids or tissues, and combinations thereof. [0090]
  • Suitable synthetic polymers include, without limitation, polyamides (e.g., nylon), polyesters, polystyrenes, polyacrylates, vinyl polymers (e.g., polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride), polycarbonates, polyurethanes, poly dimethyl siloxanes, cellulose acetates, polymethyl methacrylates, polyether ether ketones, ethylene vinyl acetates, polysulfones, nitrocelluloses, similar copolymers and mixtures thereof. Bioresorbable synthetic polymers can also be used such as dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, derivatives of gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide], poly(hydroxy acids), poly(epsilon-caprolactone), polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(dimethyl glycolic acid), poly(hydroxy butyrate), and similar copolymers may also be used. [0091]
  • The polymers can be prepared by any of a variety of approaches including conventional polymer processing methods. Preferred approaches include, for example, injection molding, which is suitable for the production of polymer components with significant structural features, and rapid prototyping approaches, such as reaction injection molding and stereo-lithography. The substrate can be textured or made porous by either physical abrasion or chemical alteration to facilitate incorporation of the metal coating. [0092]
  • More than one metal and/or polymer may be used in combination with each other. For example, one or more metal-containing substrates may be coated with polymers in one or more regions or, alternatively, one or more polymer-containing substrate may be coated in one or more regions with one or more metals. [0093]
  • The system or prosthesis can be porous or porous coated. The porous surface components can be made of various materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers. These surface components can, in turn, be secured by various means to a multitude of structural cores formed of various metals. Suitable porous coatings include, but are not limited to, metal, ceramic, polymeric (e.g., biologically neutral elastomers such as silicone rubber, polyethylene terephthalate and/or combinations thereof) or combinations thereof. See, e.g., Hahn U.S. Pat. No. 3,605,123. Tronzo U.S. Pat. No. 3,808,606 and Tronzo U.S. Pat. No. 3,843,975; Smith U.S. Pat. No. 3,314,420; Scharbach U.S. Pat. No. 3,987,499; and German Offenlegungsschrift 2,306,552. There may be more than one coating layer and the layers may have the same or different porosities. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,938,198. [0094]
  • The coating may be applied by surrounding a core with powdered polymer and heating until cured to form a coating with an internal network of interconnected pores. The tortuosity of the pores (e.g., a measure of length to diameter of the paths through the pores) may be important in evaluating the probable success of such a coating in use on a prosthetic device. See, also, Morris U.S. Pat. No. 4,213,816. The porous coating may be applied in the form of a powder and the article as a whole subjected to an elevated temperature that bonds the powder to the substrate. Selection of suitable polymers and/or powder coatings may be determined in view of the teachings and references cited herein, for example based on the melt index of each. [0095]
  • 2.2. Biological Repair Materials [0096]
  • Repair materials may also include one or more biological material either alone or in combination with non-biological materials. For example, any base material can be designed or shaped and suitable cartilage replacement or regenerating material(s) such as fetal cartilage cells can be applied to be the base. The cells can be then be grown in conjunction with the base until the thickness (and/or curvature) of the cartilage surrounding the cartilage defect has been reached. Conditions for growing cells (e.g., chondrocytes) on various substrates in culture, ex vivo and in vivo are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,478,739; 5,842,477; 6,283,980 and 6,365,405. Nonlimiting examples of suitable substrates include plastic, tissue scaffold, a bone replacement material (e.g., a hydroxyapatite, a bioresorbable material), or any other material suitable for growing a cartilage replacement or regenerating material on it. [0097]
  • Biological polymers can be naturally occurring or produced in vitro by fermentation and the like. Suitable biological polymers include, without limitation, collagen, elastin, silk, keratin, gelatin, polyamino acids, cat gut sutures, polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose and starch) and mixtures thereof. Biological polymers may be bioresorbable. [0098]
  • Biological materials used in the methods described herein can be autografts (from the same subject); allografts (from another individual of the same species) and/or xenografts (from another species). See, also, International Patent Publications WO 02/22014 and WO 97/27885. In certain embodiments autologous materials are preferred, as they may carry a reduced risk of immunological complications to the host, including re-absorption of the materials, inflammation and/or scarring of the tissues surrounding the implant site. [0099]
  • In one embodiment of the invention, a probe is used to harvest tissue from a donor site and to prepare a recipient site. The donor site can be located in a xenograft, an allograft or an autograft. The probe is used to achieve a good anatomic match between the donor tissue sample and the recipient site. The probe is specifically designed to achieve a seamless or near seamless match between the donor tissue sample and the recipient site. The probe can, for example, be cylindrical. The distal end of the probe is typically sharp in order to facilitate tissue penetration. Additionally, the distal end of the probe is typically hollow in order to accept the tissue. The probe can have an edge at a defined distance from its distal end, e.g. at 1 cm distance from the distal end and the edge can be used to achieve a defined depth of tissue penetration for harvesting. The edge can be external or can be inside the hollow portion of the probe. For example, an orthopedic surgeon can take the probe and advance it with physical pressure into the cartilage, the subchondral bone and the underlying marrow in the case of a joint such as a knee joint. The surgeon can advance the probe until the external or internal edge reaches the cartilage surface. At that point, the edge will prevent further tissue penetration thereby achieving a constant and reproducible tissue penetration. The distal end of the probe can include a blade or saw-like structure or tissue cutting mechanism. For example, the distal end of the probe can include an iris-like mechanism consisting of several small blades. The at least one or more blades can be moved using a manual, motorized or electrical mechanism thereby cutting through the tissue and separating the tissue sample from the underlying tissue. Typically, this will be repeated in the donor and the recipient. In the case of an iris-shaped blade mechanism, the individual blades can be moved so as to close the iris thereby separating the tissue sample from the donor site. [0100]
  • In another embodiment of the invention, a laser device or a radiofrequency device can be integrated inside the distal end of the probe. The laser device or the radiofrequency device can be used to cut through the tissue and to separate the tissue sample from the underlying tissue. [0101]
  • In one embodiment of the invention, the same probe can be used in the donor and in the recipient. In another embodiment, similarly shaped probes of slightly different physical dimensions can be used. For example, the probe used in the recipient can be slightly smaller than that used in the donor thereby achieving a tight fit between the tissue sample or tissue transplant and the recipient site. The probe used in the recipient can also be slightly shorter than that used in the donor thereby correcting for any tissue lost during the separation or cutting of the tissue sample from the underlying tissue in the donor material. [0102]
  • Any biological repair material may be sterilized to inactivate biological contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, yeasts, molds, mycoplasmas and parasites. Sterilization may be performed using any suitable technique, for example radiation, such as gamma radiation. [0103]
  • Any of the biological material described herein may be harvested with use of a robotic device. The robotic device can use information from an electronic image for tissue harvesting. [0104]
  • In certain embodiments, the cartilage replacement material has a particular biochemical composition. For instance, the biochemical composition of the cartilage surrounding a defect can be assessed by taking tissue samples and chemical analysis or by imaging techniques. For example, WO [0105] 02/22014 describes the use of gadolinium for imaging of articular cartilage to monitor glycosaminoglycan content within the cartilage. The cartilage replacement or regenerating material can then be made or cultured in a manner, to achieve a biochemical composition similar to that of the cartilage surrounding the implantation site. The culture conditions used to achieve the desired biochemical compositions can include, for example, varying concentrations biochemical composition of said cartilage replacement or regenerating material can, for example, be influenced by controlling concentrations and exposure times of certain nutrients and growth factors.
  • 2.3. Multiple-Component Repair Materials [0106]
  • The articular surface repair system may include one or more components. Nonlimiting examples of one-component systems include a plastic, a metal, a metal alloy or a biologic material. In certain embodiments, the surface of the repair system facing the underlying bone is smooth. In other embodiments, the surface of the repair system facing the underlying bone is porous or porous-coated. [0107]
  • Non-limiting examples of multiple-component systems include combinations of metal, plastic, metal alloys and one or more biological materials. One or more components of the articular surface repair system can be composed of a biologic material (e.g. a tissue scaffold with cells such as cartilage cells or stem cells alone or seeded within a substrate such as a bioresorable material or a tissue scaffold, allograft, autograft or combinations thereof) and/or a non-biological material (e.g., polyethylene or a chromium alloy such as chromium cobalt). [0108]
  • Thus, the repair system can include one or more areas of a single material or a combination of materials, for example, the articular surface repair system can have a superficial and a deep component. The superficial component is typically designed to have size, thickness and curvature similar to that of the cartilage tissue lost while the deep component is typically designed to have a curvature similar to the subchondral bone. In addition, the superficial component can have biomechanical properties similar to articular cartilage, including but not limited to similar elasticity and resistance to axial loading or shear forces. The superficial and the deep component can consist of two different metals or metal alloys. One or more components of the system (e.g., the deep portion) can be composed of a biologic material including, but not limited to bone, or a non-biologic material including, but not limited to hydroxyapatite, tantalum, a chromium alloy, chromium cobalt or other metal alloys. [0109]
  • One or more regions of the articular surface repair system (e.g., the outer margin of the superficial portion and/or the deep portion) can be bioresorbable, for example to allow the interface between the articular surface repair system and the patient's normal cartilage, over time, to be filled in with hyaline or fibrocartilage. Similarly, one or more regions (e.g., the outer margin of the superficial portion of the articular surface repair system and/or the deep portion) can be porous. The degree of porosity can change throughout the porous region, linearly or non-linearly, for where the degree of porosity will typically decrease towards the center of the articular surface repair system. The pores can be designed for in-growth of cartilage cells, cartilage matrix, and connective tissue thereby achieving a smooth interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding cartilage. [0110]
  • The repair system (e.g., the deep component in multiple component systems) can be attached to the patient's bone with use of a cement-like material such as methylmethacrylate, injectable hydroxy- or calcium-apatite materials and the like. [0111]
  • In certain embodiments, one or more portions of the articular surface repair system can be pliable or liquid or deformable at the time of implantation and can harden later. Hardening can occur within 1 second to 2 hours (or any time period therebetween), preferably with in 1 second to 30 minutes (or any time period therebetween), more preferably between 1 second and 10 minutes (or any time period therebetween). [0112]
  • One or more components of the articular surface repair system can be adapted to receive injections. For example, the external surface of the articular surface repair system can have one or more openings therein. The openings can be sized so as to receive screws, tubing, needles or other devices which can be inserted and advanced to the desired depth, for example through the articular surface repair system into the marrow space. Injectables such as methylmethacrylate and injectable hydroxy- or calcium-apatite materials can then be introduced through the opening (or tubing inserted therethrough) into the marrow space thereby bonding the articular surface repair system with the marrow space. Similarly, screws or pins can be inserted into the openings and advanced to the underlying subchondral bone and the bone marrow or epiphysis to achieve fixation of the articular surface repair system to the bone. Portions or all components of the screw or pin can be bioresorbable, for example, the distal portion of a screw that protrudes into the marrow space can be bioresorbable. During the initial period after the surgery, the screw can provide the primary fixation of the articular surface repair system. Subsequently, ingrowth of bone into a porous coated area along the undersurface of the articular cartilage repair system can take over as the primary stabilizer of the articular surface repair system against the bone. [0113]
  • The articular surface repair system can be anchored to the patient's bone with use of a pin or screw or other attachment mechanism. The attachment mechanism can be bioresorbable. The screw or pin or attachment mechanism can be inserted and advanced towards the articular surface repair system from a non-cartilage covered portion of the bone or from a non-weight-bearing surface of the joint. [0114]
  • The interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage can be at an angle, for example oriented at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the underlying subchondral bone. Suitable angles can be determined in view of the teachings herein, and in certain cases, non-90 degree angles may have advantages with regard to load distribution along the interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage. [0115]
  • The interface between the articular surface repair system and the surrounding normal cartilage may be covered with a pharmaceutical or bioactive agent, for example a material that stimulates the biological integration of the repair system into the normal cartilage. The surface area of the interface can be irregular, for example, to increase exposure of the interface to pharmaceutical or bioactive agents. [0116]
  • 2.4. Customized Containers [0117]
  • In another embodiment of the invention, a container or well can be formed to the selected specifications, for example to match the material needed for a particular subject or to create a stock of repair materials in a variety of sizes. The size and shape of the contained may be designed using the thickness and curvature information obtained from the joint and from the cartilage defect. More specifically, the inside of the container can be shaped to follow any selected measurements, for example as obtained from the cartilage defect(s) of a particular subject. The container can be filled with a cartilage replacement or regenerating material, for example, collagen-containing materials, plastics, bioresorbable materials and/or any suitable tissue scaffold. The cartilage regenerating or replacement material can also consist of a suspension of stem cells or fetal or immature or mature cartilage cells that subsequently develop to more mature cartilage inside the container. Further, development and/or differentiation can be enhanced with use of certain tissue nutrients and growth factors. [0118]
  • The material is allowed to harden and/or grow inside the container until the material has the desired traits, for example, thickness, elasticity, hardness, biochemical composition, etc. Molds can be generated using any suitable technique, for example computer devices and automation, e.g. computer assisted design (CAD) and, for example, computer assisted modeling (CAM). Because the resulting material generally follows the contour of the inside of the container it will better fit the defect itself and facilitate integration. [0119]
  • 2.5. Shaping [0120]
  • In certain instances shaping of the repair material will be required before or after formation (e.g., growth to desired thickness), for example where the thickness of the required cartilage material is not uniform (e.g., where different sections of the cartilage replacement or regenerating material require different thicknesses). [0121]
  • The replacement material can be shaped by any suitable technique including, but not limited to, mechanical abrasion, laser abrasion or ablation, radiofrequency treatment, cryoablation, variations in exposure time and concentration of nutrients, enzymes or growth factors and any other means suitable for influencing or changing cartilage thickness. See, e.g., WO 00/15153; If enzymatic digestion is used, certain sections of the cartilage replacement or regenerating material can be exposed to higher doses of the enzyme or can be exposed longer as a means of achieving different thicknesses and curvatures of the cartilage replacement or regenerating material in different sections of said material. [0122]
  • The material can be shaped manually and/or automatically, for example using a device into which a pre-selected thickness and/or curvature has been inputted and programming the device to achieve the desired shape. [0123]
  • In addition to, or instead of, shaping the cartilage repair material, the site of implantation (e.g., bone surface, any cartilage material remaining, etc.) can also be shaped by any suitable technique in order to enhanced integration of the repair material. [0124]
  • 2.6. Pre-Existing Repair Systems [0125]
  • As described herein, repair systems of various sizes, curvatures and thicknesses can be obtained. These repair systems can be catalogued and stored to create a library of systems from which an appropriate system can then be selected. In other words, a defect is assessed in a particular subject and a pre-existing repair system having the closest shape and size is selected from the library for further manipulation (e.g., shaping) and implantation. [0126]
  • 2.7. Mini-Prosthesis [0127]
  • As noted above, the methods and compositions described herein can be used to replace only a portion of the articular surface, for example, an area of diseased cartilage or lost cartilage on the articular surface. In these systems, the articular surface repair system may be designed to replace only the area of diseased or lost cartilage or it can extend beyond the area of diseased or lost cartilage, e.g., 3 or 5 mm into normal adjacent cartilage. In certain embodiments, the prosthesis replaces less than about 70% to 80% (or any value therebetween) of the articular surface (e.g., any given articular surface such as a single femoral condyle, etc.), preferably, less than about 50% to 70% (or any value therebetween), more preferably, less than about 30% to 50% (or any value therebetween), more preferably less than about 20% to 30% (or any value therebetween), even more preferably less than about 20% of the articular surface. [0128]
  • As noted above, the prosthesis may include multiple components, for example a component that is implanted into the bone (e.g., a metallic device) attached to a component that is shaped to cover the defect of the cartilage overlaying the bone. Additional components, for example intermediate plates, meniscus repairs systems and the like may also be included. It is contemplated that each component replaces less than all of the corresponding articular surface. However, each component need not replace the same portion of the articular surface. In other words, the prosthesis may have a bone-implanted component that replaces less than 30% of the bone and a cartilage component that replaces 60% of the cartilage. The prosthesis may include any combination, so long as each component replaces less than the entire articular surface. [0129]
  • The articular surface repair system may be formed or selected so that it will achieve a near anatomic fit or match with the surrounding or adjacent cartilage. Typically, the articular surface repair system is formed and/or selected so that its outer margin located at the external surface will be aligned with the surrounding or adjacent cartilage. [0130]
  • Thus, the articular surface repair system can be designed to replace only the weight-bearing portion of an articular surface, for example in a femoral condyle. The weight-bearing surface refers to the contact area between two opposing articular surfaces during activities of normal daily living. At least one or more weight-bearing portions can be replaced in this manner, e.g., on a femoral condyle and on a tibia. [0131]
  • In other embodiments, an area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss can be identified in a weight-bearing area and only a portion of said weight-bearing area, specifically the portion containing said diseased cartilage or area of cartilage loss, can be replaced with an articular surface repair system. [0132]
  • In certain aspects, the defect to be repaired is located only on one articular surface, typically the most diseased surface. For example, in a patient with severe cartilage loss in the medial femoral condyle but less severe disease in the tibia, the articular surface repair system can only be applied to the medial femoral condyle. Preferably, in any methods described herein, the articular surface repair system is designed to achieve an exact or a near anatomic fit with the adjacent normal cartilage. [0133]
  • In other embodiments, more than one articular surface can be repaired. [0134]
  • The area(s) of repair will be typically limited to areas of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss or areas slightly greater than the area of diseased cartilage or cartilage loss within the weight-bearing surface(s). [0135]
  • The implant and/or the implant site can be sculpted to achieve a near anatomic alignment between the implant and the implant site. In another embodiment of the invention, an electronic image is used to measure the thickness, curvature, or shape of the articular cartilage or the subchondral bone, and/or the size of a defect, and an articular surface repair system is selected using this information. The articular surface repair system can be inserted arthroscopically. The articular surface repair system can have a single radius. More typically, however, the articular [0136] surface repair system 1100 can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g. anteroposterior or mediolateral or superoinferior or oblique planes, or within multiple planes. In this manner, the articular surface repair system can be shaped to achieve a near anatomic alignment between the implant and the implant site. This design allows not even for different degrees of convexity or concavity, but also for concave portions within a predominantly convex shape or vice versa 1100.
  • If a multiple component repair material has been selected, for example with a [0137] superficial component 1105 consisting of a polymeric material and a deep component 1110 consisting of a metal alloy, the superficial component can be designed so that its thickness and curvature will closely match that of the surrounding cartilage 1115. Thus, the superficial component can have more than one thickness in different portions of the articular repair system. Moreover, the superficial component can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g. anteroposterior or mediolateral or superoinferior or oblique planes, or within multiple planes. Similarly, the deep component can have varying curvatures and radii within the same plane, e.g. anteroposterior or mediolateral or superoinferior or oblique planes, or within multiple planes. Typically, the curvature of the deep component will be designed to follow that of the subchondral bone.
  • In another embodiment the articular surface repair system has a fixturing stem, for example, as described in the Background of U.S. Pat. No. 6,224,632. The fixturing stem can have different shapes including conical, rectangular, fin among others. The mating bone cavity is typically similarly shaped as the corresponding stem. [0138]
  • In another embodiment, the articular surface repair system can be attached to the underlying bone or bone marrow using bone cement. Bone cement is typically made from an acrylic polymeric material. Typically, the bone cement is comprised of two components: a dry power component and a liquid component, which are subsequently mixed together. The dry component generally includes an acrylic polymer, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The dry component can also contain a polymerization initiator such as benzoylperoxide, which initiates the free-radical polymerization process that occurs when the bone cement is formed. The liquid component, on the other hand, generally contains a liquid monomer such as methyl methacrylate (MMA). The liquid component can also contain an accelerator such as an amine (e.g., N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine). A stabilizer, such as hydroquinone, can also be added to the liquid component to prevent premature polymerization of the liquid monomer. When the liquid component is mixed with the dry component, the dry component begins to dissolve or swell in the liquid monomer. The amine accelerator reacts with the initiator to form free radicals that begin to link monomer units to form polymer chains. In the next two to four minutes, the polymerization process proceeds changing the viscosity of the mixture from a syrup-like consistency (low viscosity) into a dough-like consistency (high viscosity). Ultimately, further polymerization and curing occur, causing the cement to harden and affix a prosthesis to a bone. [0139]
  • In certain aspects of the invention, [0140] bone cement 955 or another liquid attachment material such as injectable calciumhydroxyapatite can be injected into the marrow cavity through one or more openings 950 in the prosthesis. These openings in the prosthesis can extend from the articular surface to the undersurface of the prosthesis 960. After injection, the openings can be closed with a polymer, silicon, metal, metal alloy or bioresorbable plug.
  • In another embodiment, one or more components of the articular surface repair (e.g., the surface of the system that is pointing towards the underlying bone or bone marrow) can be porous or porous coated. A variety of different porous metal coatings have been proposed for enhancing fixation of a metallic prosthesis by bone tissue ingrowth. Thus, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,638 discloses a surgical prosthetic device, which may be used as a bone prosthesis, comprising a composite structure consisting of a solid metallic material substrate and a porous coating of the same solid metallic material adhered to and extending over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate. The porous coating consists of a plurality of small discrete particles of metallic material bonded together at their points of contact with each other to define a plurality of connected interstitial pores in the coating. The size and spacing of the particles, which can be distributed in a plurality of monolayers, can be such that the average interstitial pore size is not more than about 200 microns. Additionally, the pore size distribution can be substantially uniform from the substrate-coating interface to the surface of the coating. [0141]
  • In another embodiment, the articular surface repair system can contain one or more polymeric materials that can be loaded with and release therapeutic agents including drugs or other pharmacological treatments that can be used for drug delivery. The polymeric materials can, for example, be placed inside areas of porous coating. The polymeric materials can be used to release therapeutic drugs, e.g. bone or cartilage growth stimulating drugs. This embodiment can be combined with other embodiments, wherein portions of the articular surface repair system can be bioresorbable. For example, the superficial layer of an articular surface repair system or portions of its superficial layer can be bioresorbable. As the superficial layer gets increasingly resorbed, local release of a cartilage growth-stimulating drug can facilitate ingrowth of cartilage cells and matrix formation. [0142]
  • In any of the methods or compositions described herein, the articular surface repair system can be pre-manufactured with a range of sizes, curvatures and thicknesses. Alternatively, the articular surface repair system can be custom-made for an individual patient. [0143]
  • 3. Implantation [0144]
  • Following one or more manipulations (e.g., shaping, growth, development, etc), the cartilage replacement or regenerating material can then be implanted into the area of the defect. Implantation can be performed with the cartilage replacement or regenerating material still attached to the base material or removed from the base material. Any suitable methods and devices may be used for implantation, for example, devices as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,375,658; 6,358,253; 6,328,765; and International Publication WO 01/19254. [0145]
  • In selected cartilage defects, the implantation site can be prepared with a single cut across the articular surface (FIG. 10). In this case, single [0146] 1010 and multi-component 1020 prostheses can be utilized.
  • Further, implantation can be facilitated by using a device applied to the outer surface of the articular cartilage in order to match the alignment of the donor tissue and the recipient site. The device can be round, circular, oval, ellipsoid, curved or irregular in shape. The shape is typically selected or adjusted to match or enclose an area of diseased cartilage or an area slightly larger than the area of diseased cartilage. The inner aspect of the circle, oval, ellipse, curved or irregular shape can be open or hollow. Thus, a rounded or curved joint surface such as a femoral condyle, a femoral head or a humeral head can protrude through the opening or the hollow portion. The device can include a slit through which a blade can be introduced. Alternatively, the device can include a blade holding mechanism or the blade can be integrated in the device. A variety of materials can be employed, for example plastic (e.g., disposable, re-usable and/or sterilizable) devices. In addition, translucent materials may be used, for example in order to achieve an improved match between the donor tissue and the recipient site. [0147]
  • The device can be used to remove an area of diseased cartilage and underlying bone or an area slightly larger than the diseased cartilage and underlying bone. In addition, the device can be used on a “donor”, e.g. a cadaveric specimen to obtain implantable repair material. The device is typically positioned in the same general anatomic area in which the tissue was removed in the recipient. The shape of the device is then used to identify a donor site providing a seamless or near seamless match between the donor tissue sample and the recipient site. This is achieved by identifying the position of the device in which the articular surface in the donor, e.g. a cadaveric specimen has a seamless or near seamless contact with the inner surface when applied to the cartilage. [0148]
  • The device can be molded, machined or formed based on the size of the area of diseased cartilage and based on the curvature of the cartilage or the underlying subchondral bone or a combination of both. The device can then be applied to the donor, (e.g., a cadaveric specimen) and the donor tissue can be obtained with use of a blade or saw or other tissue cutting device. The device can then be applied to the recipient in the area of the diseased cartilage and the diseased cartilage and underlying bone can be removed with use of a blade or saw or other tissue cutting device whereby the size and shape of the removed tissue containing the diseased cartilage will closely resemble the size and shape of the donor tissue. The donor tissue can then be attached to the recipient site. For example, said attachment can be achieved with use of screws or pins (e.g., metallic, non-metallic or bioresorable) or other fixation means including but not limited to a tissue adhesive. Attachment can be through the cartilage surface or alternatively, through the marrow space. [0149]
  • The implant site can be prepared with use of a robotic device. The robotic device can use information from an electronic image for preparing the recipient site. [0150]

Claims (74)

What is claimed is:
1. A method for providing articular replacement material, the method comprising the step of producing articular replacement material of selected dimensions.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dimensions comprise thickness and curvature.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dimensions comprise size and curvature.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dimensions comprise size, thickness and curvature.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the articular replacement material replaces cartilage and wherein said material is non-pliable.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the articular replacement material are selected following intraoperative measurements.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said measurements are made using imaging techniques.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said imaging techniques are selected from the group consisting of ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, x-ray imaging obtained with x-ray dye and fluoroscopic imaging.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein said measurements are made using a mechanical probe.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said measurements are made using an ultrasound probe, a laser, an optical probe and a deformable material.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said producing step comprises growing or hardening the articular replacement material.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said producing step comprises shaping the articular replacement material to the selected dimensions.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said shaping is selected from the group consisting of mechanical abrasion, laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation and enzymatic digestion.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein said shaping is performed manually.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein said shaping is performed by machine.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said shaping is automated.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein said articular replacement material is produced postoperatively.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein said articular replacement material is selected from a library of pre-existing repair systems.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein said articular replacement material comprises synthetic materials.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the synthetic materials comprise metals, polymers or combinations thereof.
21. The method of claim 5, wherein said cartilage replacement material comprises biological materials.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said biological materials comprise cells.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said cells are stem cells, fetal cells or chondrocyte cells.
24. A method of making cartilage repair material, the method comprising the steps of
(a) measuring the dimensions of the intended implantation site or the dimensions of the area surrounding the intended implantation site; and
(b) providing cartilage replacement material that conforms to the measurements obtained in step (a).
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the step (a) comprises measuring the thickness of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein the step (a) comprises measuring the size of the intended implantation site and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site.
27. The method of claim 24, wherein the step (a) comprises measuring the thickness of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site, measuring the size of the intended implantation site, and measuring the curvature of the cartilage surrounding the intended implantation site.
28. The method of claim 24, wherein step (a) comprises obtaining and analyzing an image of the cartilage.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein said image is obtained intraoperatively.
30. The method of claim 24, wherein step (a) comprises using a mechanical probe intraoperatively to measure the dimensions.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the mechanical probe comprises a deformable material.
32. The method of claim 24, wherein step (b) comprises selecting the cartilage replacement material from a library of pre-existing repair systems.
33. The method of claim 24, wherein step (b) comprises growing the cartilage replacement material.
34. The method of claim 24, further comprising shaping the cartilage material.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein said shaping is by machine.
36. The method of claim 34, wherein said shaping is automated.
37. The method of claim 34, wherein said shaping is selected from the group consisting of mechanical abrasion, laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation and enzymatic digestion.
38. The method of claim 24, wherein step (b) comprises growing cartilage replacement material comprising biological substances ex vivo.
39. A method of repairing a cartilage in a subject, the method of comprising the step of implantating cartilage repair material prepared according to the method of claim 1, into the subject.
40. A method of determining the curvature of an articular surface, the method comprising the step of (a) intraoperatively measuring the curvature of the articular surface using a mechanical probe.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the articular surface comprises cartilage.
42. The method of claim 40, wherein the articular surface comprises subchondral bone.
43. The method of claim 40, wherein the mechanical probe is selected from the group consisting of an ultrasound probe, a laser, an optical probe and a deformable material.
44. A method of producing an articular replacement material comprising the step of providing an articular replacement material that conforms to the measurements obtained by the method of claim 40.
45. A method of repairing an articular surface in a subject, the method of comprising the step of implanting articular repair material prepared according to the method of claim 40 into the subject.
46. A partial articular prosthesis comprising
a first component comprising a cartilage replacement material; and
a second component comprising one or more metals, wherein said second component has a curvature similar to subchondral bone, wherein said prosthesis comprises less than about 80% of the articular surface.
47. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein said first or second components comprise a non-pliable material.
48. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein said first or second components further comprises a polymeric material.
49. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein said first component comprises biological materials.
50. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein said first component exhibits biomechanical properties similar to articular cartilage.
51. The prosthesis of claim 50, wherein said biomechanical properties are elasticity, resistance to axial loading or shear forces.
52. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein the first and second components comprise two or more metals.
53. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein the first or second components are bioresorbable.
54. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein the first or second components are porous or porous coated.
55. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein the first or second components are smooth.
56. The prosthesis of claim 46, wherein the first or second components are adapted to receive injections.
57. A partial articular prosthesis for use in a human with cartilage disease comprising
an external surface located in the load bearing area of an articular surface, wherein the dimensions of said external surface achieve a near anatomic fit with the adjacent cartilage.
58. The prosthesis of claim 57, further comprising one or more metals or metal alloys.
59. An articular surface repair system comprising
(a) cartilage replacement material, wherein said cartilage replacement material has a curvature similar to surrounding or adjacent cartilage; and
(b) at least one non-biologic material, wherein said articular surface repair system comprises a portion of the articular surface equal to or smaller than the weight-bearing surface.
60. The articular surface repair system of claim 59, wherein said cartilage replacement material is non-pliable.
61. The articular surface repair system of claim 59, wherein said cartilage replacement material has biomechanical properties similar to that of normal human cartilage.
62. The articular surface repair system of claim 59, wherein said cartilage replacement material has a biochemical composition similar to that of normal human cartilage.
63. An articular surface repair system comprising
a first component comprising a cartilage replacement material, wherein said first component has dimensions similar to that of adjacent or surrounding cartilage; and
a second component, wherein said second component has a curvature similar to subchondral bone, wherein said articular surface repair system comprises less than about 80% of the articular surface.
64. The repair system of claim 63, wherein said first or said second component comprises a non-pliable material.
65. The articular surface repair system of claim 63, wherein the first component has a curvature and thickness similar to that of adjacent or surrounding cartilage.
66. The articular surface repair system of claim 63, wherein said thickness of said first component is not uniform.
67. A partial articular prosthesis comprising
(a) a metal or metal alloy; and
(b) an external surface located in the load bearing area of an articular surface, wherein the external surface designed to achieve a near anatomic fit with the adjacent cartilage.
68. The partial articular prosthesis of claim 67, wherein said external surface is comprises a polymeric material attached to said metal or metal alloy.
69. An articular surface repair system comprising a cartilage replacement material, wherein said cartilage replacement material has a curvature similar to surrounding or adjacent cartilage, wherein said articular surface repair system is adapted to receive injections.
70. The articular surface repair system of claim 69, wherein said injections are made through an opening in the external surface of said cartilage replacement material.
71. The articular surface repair system of claims 69, wherein said opening in the external surface terminates in a plurality of openings on the bone surface.
72. The articular surface repair system of claim 69, wherein bone cement is injected through said opening.
73. The articular surface repair system of claim 72, wherein said bone cement is injected under pressure in order to achieve permeation of portions of the marrow space with bone cement.
74. The articular surface repair system of claim 72, wherein said bone cement is combined with a therapeutic drug.
US10/160,667 1997-01-08 2002-05-28 Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing Abandoned US20030055502A1 (en)

Priority Applications (108)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/160,667 US20030055502A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2002-05-28 Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing
US10/305,652 US7468075B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2002-11-27 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US10/724,010 US7618451B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2003-11-25 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing total and partial joint arthroplasty
US10/752,438 US8545569B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2004-01-05 Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US10/997,407 US8882847B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2004-11-24 Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
US11/002,573 US7534263B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2004-12-02 Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US11/326,705 US7717956B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2005-11-22 Joint arthroplasty devices formed in situ
US11/537,318 US20070100462A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2006-09-29 Joint Arthroplasty Devices
US11/602,713 US20070083266A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2006-11-21 Devices and methods for treating facet joints, uncovertebral joints, costovertebral joints and other joints
US11/562,724 US20070156171A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2006-11-22 Implant Grasper
US11/671,745 US8066708B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2007-02-06 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US11/688,340 US20070233269A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2007-03-20 Interpositional Joint Implant
US12/031,239 US8617242B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-02-14 Implant device and method for manufacture
US12/048,764 US8083745B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-03-14 Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US12/135,719 US8062302B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-06-09 Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US12/135,612 US8105330B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-06-09 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US12/135,603 US7981158B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-06-09 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US12/139,324 US8951260B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-06-13 Surgical cutting guide
US12/317,472 US8337507B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-12-22 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/317,416 US8343218B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-12-22 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/361,213 US8122582B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2009-01-28 Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US12/398,753 US8439926B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2009-03-05 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US12/398,871 US20090222103A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2009-03-05 Articular Implants Providing Lower Adjacent Cartilage Wear
US12/464,763 US9308091B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2009-05-12 Devices and methods for treatment of facet and other joints
US12/606,844 US8460304B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2009-10-27 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US12/606,830 US8377129B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2009-10-27 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US12/693,125 US8556971B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-01-25 Joint arthroplasty devices formed in situ
US12/712,072 US8234097B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-02-24 Automated systems for manufacturing patient-specific orthopedic implants and instrumentation
US12/660,529 US8480754B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-02-25 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US12/799,641 US9603711B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-04-28 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US12/776,840 US8551099B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-10 Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US12/776,701 US8366771B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-10 Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US12/776,984 US8337501B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-10 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US12/777,859 US8768028B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/777,852 US9023050B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US12/777,809 US9055953B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/777,878 US8690945B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US12/777,756 US8585708B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US12/778,506 US20100329530A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-12 Patient Selectable Knee Joint Arthroplasty Devices
US12/778,518 US8945230B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-12 Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
US13/044,413 US8556983B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-03-09 Patient-adapted and improved orthopedic implants, designs and related tools
US13/163,121 US9295482B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-06-17 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/294,573 US8974539B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-11 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US13/294,623 US9775680B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-11 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US13/294,617 US9877790B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-11 Tibial implant and systems with variable slope
US13/294,564 US8906107B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-11 Patient-adapted and improved orthopedic implants, designs and related tools
US13/294,579 US8926706B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-11 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US13/302,833 US8657827B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-22 Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US13/305,622 US9107679B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-28 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/305,634 US9084617B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-28 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/305,636 US20120071883A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-28 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/306,509 US20120072185A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-29 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/306,501 US20120066892A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-29 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/336,543 US9186161B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-12-23 Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US13/397,457 US9020788B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2012-02-15 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US13/399,378 US20120197408A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-02-17 Joint Arthroplasty Devices
US13/405,797 US9216025B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-02-27 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/405,843 US9066728B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-02-27 Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US13/405,826 US9358018B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-02-27 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/421,554 US20120245699A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-03-15 Joint arthroplasty devices
US13/553,057 US8641716B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-07-19 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/554,453 US8617172B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-07-20 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/561,696 US9495483B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-07-30 Automated Systems for manufacturing patient-specific orthopedic implants and instrumentation
US13/565,840 US20130211531A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-08-03 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US13/625,710 US8561278B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,728 US8551103B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,748 US8529630B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,702 US8551102B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,742 US8562618B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,714 US8562611B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,686 US8556906B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,738 US8568480B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,732 US8556907B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,720 US8568479B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/625,694 US8551169B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-09-24 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/718,699 US9107680B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-18 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/718,735 US20130110471A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair
US13/718,717 US20130103363A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair
US13/754,133 US9095353B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-01-30 Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US13/887,712 US20130245803A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-05-06 Implant device and method for manufacture
US13/892,547 US9579110B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-05-13 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US13/913,990 US8998915B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-06-10 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US14/017,176 US20140005792A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-09-03 Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing
US14/021,595 US20140031826A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-09-09 Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US14/040,890 US9333085B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-09-30 Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US14/051,087 US9387079B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-10 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US14/051,003 US9439767B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-10 Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US14/051,690 US20140142710A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-11 Joint Arthroplasty Devices Formed In Situ
US14/072,754 US9125673B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-11-05 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US14/072,771 US9072531B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-11-05 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US14/072,751 US9125672B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-11-05 Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US14/072,766 US8951259B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-11-05 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US14/134,064 US9700971B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-12-19 Implant device and method for manufacture
US14/246,335 US9186254B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-04-07 Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US14/308,070 US20140303629A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-06-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair
US14/537,175 US20150157461A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-11-10 Patient Selectable Knee Joint Arthroplasty Devices
US15/082,774 US20160206331A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-03-28 Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US15/149,933 US9913723B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-05-09 Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US15/173,994 US20170007408A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-06-06 Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US15/263,166 US20170119531A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-09-12 Patient-Adapted and Improved Orthopedic Implants, Designs and Related Tools
US15/351,021 US20170056183A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-11-14 Automated Systems for Manufacturing Patient-Specific Orthopedic Implants and Instrumentation
US15/443,251 US20170164957A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-02-27 Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US15/589,222 US20170367828A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-05-08 Interpositional Joint Implant
US15/611,393 US20170360567A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-06-01 Articular Implants Providing Lower Adjacent Cartilage Wear
US15/852,730 US20180360609A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-12-22 Patient-Adapted and Improved Articular Implants, Designs and Related Guide Tools
US15/953,651 US20180228614A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2018-04-16 Patient Adapted Joint Arthroplasty Systems, Devices, Surgical Tools and Methods of Use
US17/136,726 US20210137686A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2020-12-29 Interpositional Joint Implant
US17/391,775 US20210361437A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2021-08-02 Patient Adapted Joint Arthroplasty Systems, Devices, Surgical Tools and Methods of Use

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29348801P 2001-05-25 2001-05-25
US36352702P 2002-03-12 2002-03-12
US38069502P 2002-05-14 2002-05-14
US38069202P 2002-05-14 2002-05-14
US10/160,667 US20030055502A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2002-05-28 Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing

Related Parent Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/681,750 Continuation-In-Part US20040133276A1 (en) 1997-01-08 2003-10-07 Minimally invasive joint implant with 3-Dimensional geometry matching the articular surfaces
US10/728,731 Continuation-In-Part US7634119B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2003-12-04 Fusion of multiple imaging planes for isotropic imaging in MRI and quantitative image analysis using isotropic or near-isotropic imaging
US11/671,745 Continuation-In-Part US8066708B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2007-02-06 Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US12/712,072 Continuation-In-Part US8234097B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2010-02-24 Automated systems for manufacturing patient-specific orthopedic implants and instrumentation

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/305,652 Continuation-In-Part US7468075B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2002-11-27 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US14/017,176 Continuation US20140005792A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-09-03 Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20030055502A1 true US20030055502A1 (en) 2003-03-20

Family

ID=27501594

Family Applications (9)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/160,667 Abandoned US20030055502A1 (en) 1997-01-08 2002-05-28 Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing
US12/317,472 Expired - Lifetime US8337507B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2008-12-22 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/317,416 Expired - Lifetime US8343218B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-12-22 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/777,859 Expired - Lifetime US8768028B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/777,809 Expired - Lifetime US9055953B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US13/718,717 Abandoned US20130103363A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair
US13/718,735 Abandoned US20130110471A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair
US14/017,176 Abandoned US20140005792A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-09-03 Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing
US14/308,070 Abandoned US20140303629A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-06-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair

Family Applications After (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/317,472 Expired - Lifetime US8337507B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2008-12-22 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/317,416 Expired - Lifetime US8343218B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2008-12-22 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/777,859 Expired - Lifetime US8768028B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US12/777,809 Expired - Lifetime US9055953B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-11 Methods and compositions for articular repair
US13/718,717 Abandoned US20130103363A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair
US13/718,735 Abandoned US20130110471A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair
US14/017,176 Abandoned US20140005792A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-09-03 Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing
US14/308,070 Abandoned US20140303629A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-06-18 Methods and Compositions for Articular Repair

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (9) US20030055502A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1389980B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2005504563A (en)
CN (1) CN100502808C (en)
AT (1) ATE504264T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002310193B8 (en)
CA (1) CA2447694A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60239674D1 (en)
HK (1) HK1059882A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002096268A2 (en)

Cited By (213)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020087274A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2002-07-04 Alexander Eugene J. Assessing the condition of a joint and preventing damage
US20030216669A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2003-11-20 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US20040138754A1 (en) * 2002-10-07 2004-07-15 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Minimally invasive joint implant with 3-Dimensional geometry matching the articular surfaces
US20040167390A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2004-08-26 Alexander Eugene J. Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US20040193048A1 (en) * 2001-07-24 2004-09-30 Liat Tsoref Joint analysis using ultrasound
US20040204760A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2004-10-14 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US20050234461A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2005-10-20 Burdulis Albert G Jr Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US20050267584A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2005-12-01 Burdulis Albert G Jr Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
US20060190078A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-24 Fell Barry M Method and system for joint repair
EP1704826A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-27 Aesculap AG & Co. KG Surgical system for preparing an implant
US20070015995A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2007-01-18 Philipp Lang Joint and cartilage diagnosis, assessment and modeling
US20070083266A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-04-12 Vertegen, Inc. Devices and methods for treating facet joints, uncovertebral joints, costovertebral joints and other joints
US20070100462A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-05-03 Conformis, Inc Joint Arthroplasty Devices
WO2007065803A1 (en) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-14 Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg Method and device for preparing an implant from an implant material
US20070198022A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-08-23 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US20070203430A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2007-08-30 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the Condition of a Joint and Assessing Cartilage Loss
US20070203605A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-08-30 Mark Melton System for biomedical implant creation and procurement
US20070233269A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-10-04 Conformis, Inc. Interpositional Joint Implant
US20070250169A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-10-25 Philipp Lang Joint arthroplasty devices formed in situ
US20080161815A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2008-07-03 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient Specific Knee Alignment Guide And Associated Method
US20080195216A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2008-08-14 Conformis, Inc. Implant Device and Method for Manufacture
US20080281328A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2008-11-13 Conformis, Inc. Surgical Tools for Arthroplasty
US20090018546A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Daley Robert J Methods and apparatus for determining pin placement during hip surgery
US20090069901A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2009-03-12 Katherine Gomes Truncale Cartilage allograft plug
US20090110498A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Ilwhan Park Arthroplasty systems and devices, and related methods
US20090131941A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2009-05-21 Ilwhan Park Total joint arthroplasty system
US20090138020A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-05-28 Otismed Corporation Generating mri images usable for the creation of 3d bone models employed to make customized arthroplasty jigs
US20090149893A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Semler Eric J Cancellous Bone Implant for Cartilage Repair
US20090157083A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-18 Ilwhan Park System and method for manufacturing arthroplasty jigs
US20090163922A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2009-06-25 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient Specific Acetabular Guide And Method
US20090222014A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2009-09-03 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US20090222016A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Otismed Corporation Total hip replacement surgical guide tool
US20090226068A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 Conformis, Inc. Implants for Altering Wear Patterns of Articular Surfaces
US20090228113A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 Comformis, Inc. Edge-Matched Articular Implant
US20090254367A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2009-10-08 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and Apparatus for Manufacturing an Implant
US20090270868A1 (en) * 2008-04-29 2009-10-29 Otismed Corporation Generation of a computerized bone model representative of a pre-degenerated state and useable in the design and manufacture of arthroplasty devices
US20090274350A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-05 Otismed Corporation System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty
US20090276045A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2009-11-05 Conformis, Inc. Devices and Methods for Treatment of Facet and Other Joints
US20090306676A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2009-12-10 Conformis, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US20100042105A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-02-18 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty system and related methods
US7678049B2 (en) 2001-07-24 2010-03-16 Beam-Med Ltd. Bone age assessment using ultrasound
US20100152741A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2010-06-17 Otismed Corporation Unicompartmental customized arthroplasty cutting jigs and methods of making the same
US20100152782A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2010-06-17 Biomet Manufactring Corp. Patient Specific High Tibia Osteotomy
US20100217109A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Mechanical Axis Alignment Using MRI Imaging
US7796791B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2010-09-14 Conformis, Inc. Methods for determining meniscal size and shape and for devising treatment
US20100249758A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Methods and devices for preparing and implanting tissue scaffolds
US20100256504A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2010-10-07 Perception Raisonnement Action En Medecine Methods and apparatus for assisting cartilage diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
US20100256479A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-10-07 Otismed Corporation Preoperatively planning an arthroplasty procedure and generating a corresponding patient specific arthroplasty resection guide
US7815926B2 (en) 2005-07-11 2010-10-19 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Implant for articular cartilage repair
US20100274534A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-10-28 Conformis, Inc. Automated Systems for Manufacturing Patient-Specific Orthopedic Implants and Instrumentation
US20100286700A1 (en) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-11 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Patient specific alignment guide for a proximal femur
US7837740B2 (en) 2007-01-24 2010-11-23 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Two piece cancellous construct for cartilage repair
US20100298894A1 (en) * 2006-02-06 2010-11-25 Conformis, Inc. Patient-Specific Joint Arthroplasty Devices for Ligament Repair
US7862570B2 (en) 2003-10-03 2011-01-04 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Surgical positioners
US7881768B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2011-02-01 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US20110029091A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-02-03 Conformis, Inc. Patient-Adapted and Improved Orthopedic Implants, Designs, and Related Tools
US20110028981A1 (en) * 2009-07-29 2011-02-03 Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. Bone graft measuring apparatus and method of use
USRE42208E1 (en) 2003-04-29 2011-03-08 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Glue for cartilage repair
US20110071529A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2011-03-24 Carson Christopher P Systems using imaging data to facilitate surgical procedures
US20110071645A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-03-24 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20110144760A1 (en) * 2004-01-05 2011-06-16 Conformis, Inc. Patient-Specific and Patient-Engineered Orthopedic Implants
US20110153028A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-23 Albertorio Ricardo E Hybrid polymer/metal plug for treating chondral defects
US7967868B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2011-06-28 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-modified implant and associated method
USD642263S1 (en) 2007-10-25 2011-07-26 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty jig blank
US20110190887A1 (en) * 2010-02-04 2011-08-04 Shapiro Paul S Surgical technique using a contoured allograft cartilage as a spacer of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb or carpo-metatarsal joint of the toe
US20110218545A1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2011-09-08 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific computed tomography guides
US8070752B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2011-12-06 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific alignment guide and inter-operative adjustment
US8092465B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2012-01-10 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US8160345B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2012-04-17 Otismed Corporation System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty
US8241298B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2012-08-14 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Methods and devices for delivering and affixing tissue scaffolds
US8265949B2 (en) 2007-09-27 2012-09-11 Depuy Products, Inc. Customized patient surgical plan
US8292968B2 (en) 2004-10-12 2012-10-23 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Cancellous constructs, cartilage particles and combinations of cancellous constructs and cartilage particles
US8298237B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2012-10-30 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific alignment guide for multiple incisions
US8343159B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-01-01 Depuy Products, Inc. Orthopaedic bone saw and method of use thereof
US8357111B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-01-22 Depuy Products, Inc. Method and system for designing patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instruments
US8377066B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-02-19 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific elbow guides and associated methods
US8407067B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2013-03-26 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant
US8435551B2 (en) 2007-03-06 2013-05-07 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Cancellous construct with support ring for repair of osteochondral defects
US8460302B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2013-06-11 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty devices and related methods
US8480754B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-07-09 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US8521492B2 (en) 2008-09-19 2013-08-27 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Tuning implants for increased performance
US8532807B2 (en) 2011-06-06 2013-09-10 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Pre-operative planning and manufacturing method for orthopedic procedure
US8535387B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-09-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific tools and implants
US8545509B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2013-10-01 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty system and related methods
US8556983B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-15 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved orthopedic implants, designs and related tools
US8568487B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-10-29 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific hip joint devices
US8591516B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-11-26 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific orthopedic instruments
US8597365B2 (en) 2011-08-04 2013-12-03 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific pelvic implants for acetabular reconstruction
US8603180B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-12-10 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular alignment guides
US8608749B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-12-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments
US8608748B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-12-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific guides
US8617171B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2013-12-31 Otismed Corporation Preoperatively planning an arthroplasty procedure and generating a corresponding patient specific arthroplasty resection guide
US8623026B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2014-01-07 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools incorporating anatomical relief
US8632547B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2014-01-21 Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc Patient-specific osteotomy devices and methods
US8668700B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2014-03-11 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific convertible guides
US8715289B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2014-05-06 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific numerically controlled instrument
US8735773B2 (en) 2007-02-14 2014-05-27 Conformis, Inc. Implant device and method for manufacture
US8764760B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2014-07-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific bone-cutting guidance instruments and methods
US8777875B2 (en) 2008-07-23 2014-07-15 Otismed Corporation System and method for manufacturing arthroplasty jigs having improved mating accuracy
US8808303B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2014-08-19 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US8858561B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2014-10-14 Blomet Manufacturing, LLC Patient-specific alignment guide
US8864769B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2014-10-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Alignment guides with patient-specific anchoring elements
US8934961B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2015-01-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Trackable diagnostic scope apparatus and methods of use
US8951260B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-02-10 Conformis, Inc. Surgical cutting guide
US8956364B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2015-02-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific partial knee guides and other instruments
US9017336B2 (en) 2006-02-15 2015-04-28 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty devices and related methods
US9017417B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2015-04-28 Kensey Nash Bvf Technology Llc Subchondral bone repair system
US9020788B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2015-04-28 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US9017334B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2015-04-28 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Patient specific surgical guide locator and mount
US9060788B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2015-06-23 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach
US9066734B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2015-06-30 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific sacroiliac guides and associated methods
US9084618B2 (en) 2011-06-13 2015-07-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Drill guides for confirming alignment of patient-specific alignment guides
US9113971B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2015-08-25 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Femoral acetabular impingement guide
US9173661B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2015-11-03 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific alignment guide with cutting surface and laser indicator
US9204977B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2015-12-08 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach
US9237950B2 (en) 2012-02-02 2016-01-19 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Implant with patient-specific porous structure
US9241745B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2016-01-26 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoral version guide
US9271744B2 (en) 2010-09-29 2016-03-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific guide for partial acetabular socket replacement
US9289253B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-03-22 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific shoulder guide
US9295497B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2016-03-29 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific sacroiliac and pedicle guides
US9301812B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2016-04-05 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Methods for patient-specific shoulder arthroplasty
US9339278B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-05-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments
US9345548B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-05-24 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific pre-operative planning
US9345551B2 (en) 2007-08-17 2016-05-24 Zimmer Inc. Implant design analysis suite
US9351743B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2016-05-31 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guides
US9386994B2 (en) 2010-06-11 2016-07-12 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Patient-matched instruments
US9386993B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2016-07-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoroacetabular impingement instruments and methods
US9387083B2 (en) 2013-01-30 2016-07-12 Conformis, Inc. Acquiring and utilizing kinematic information for patient-adapted implants, tools and surgical procedures
US9393028B2 (en) 2009-08-13 2016-07-19 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Device for the resection of bones, method for producing such a device, endoprosthesis suited for this purpose and method for producing such an endoprosthesis
US9402637B2 (en) 2012-10-11 2016-08-02 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation Customized arthroplasty cutting guides and surgical methods using the same
US9408616B2 (en) 2014-05-12 2016-08-09 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Humeral cut guide
US9408686B1 (en) 2012-01-20 2016-08-09 Conformis, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for manufacturing orthopedic implants
US9451973B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2016-09-27 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific glenoid guide
US9486226B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2016-11-08 Conformis, Inc. Tibial guides, tools, and techniques for resecting the tibial plateau
US9498233B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-11-22 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc. Universal acetabular guide and associated hardware
US9517145B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-12-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Guide alignment system and method
US9554910B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2017-01-31 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guide and implants
US9561040B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2017-02-07 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid depth control
US9579107B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-02-28 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Multi-point fit for patient specific guide
US20170056182A1 (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-03-02 Institute of Orthopedic Research & Education Modification of the surface topography of cartilage grafts for joint reconstruction
US9585597B2 (en) 2012-07-24 2017-03-07 Zimmer, Inc. Patient specific instrumentation with MEMS in surgery
US9603711B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-03-28 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US9603710B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-03-28 Allosource Methods of manufacturing perforated osteochondral allograft compositions
US9615840B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2017-04-11 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for association of a guiding aid with a patient tissue
US9636181B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2017-05-02 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for designing and forming a surgical implant
US9649117B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2017-05-16 Microport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US9675400B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2017-06-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific fracture fixation instrumentation and method
US9675461B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2017-06-13 Zimmer Inc. Deformable articulating templates
US9675471B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2017-06-13 Conformis, Inc. Devices, techniques and methods for assessing joint spacing, balancing soft tissues and obtaining desired kinematics for joint implant components
US9700415B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2017-07-11 Allosource Cartilage mosaic compositions and methods
US9701940B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2017-07-11 Histogenics Corporation Cell-support matrix having narrowly defined uniformly vertically and non-randomly organized porosity and pore density and a method for preparation thereof
US9717508B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2017-08-01 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System of preoperative planning and provision of patient-specific surgical aids
US9737406B2 (en) 2013-08-21 2017-08-22 Laboratories Bodycad Inc. Anatomically adapted orthopedic implant and method of manufacturing same
US9750612B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2017-09-05 P Tech, Llc Methods and systems for providing gender specific pharmaceuticals
US9795399B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2017-10-24 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US9808262B2 (en) 2006-02-15 2017-11-07 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation Arthroplasty devices and related methods
US9820868B2 (en) 2015-03-30 2017-11-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Method and apparatus for a pin apparatus
US9826981B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-11-28 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Tangential fit of patient-specific guides
US9826994B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2017-11-28 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Adjustable glenoid pin insertion guide
US9833245B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2017-12-05 Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc Tibial tubercule osteotomy
US9839436B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2017-12-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid depth control
US9839438B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-12-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guide with a reusable guide holder
US9839434B2 (en) 2009-10-29 2017-12-12 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific mill guide
US9848922B2 (en) 2013-10-09 2017-12-26 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spine surgery
USD808524S1 (en) 2016-11-29 2018-01-23 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Femoral implant
US9877735B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2018-01-30 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for assisting with attachment of a stock implant to a patient tissue
US9907659B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2018-03-06 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant
US9913669B1 (en) 2014-10-17 2018-03-13 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spine surgery
US9918740B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2018-03-20 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Backup surgical instrument system and method
US9924950B2 (en) 2013-09-25 2018-03-27 Zimmer, Inc. Patient specific instrumentation (PSI) for orthopedic surgery and systems and methods for using X-rays to produce same
US9968376B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2018-05-15 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific orthopedic instruments
US9968408B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-05-15 Nuvasive, Inc. Spinal balance assessment
US9987148B2 (en) 2013-06-11 2018-06-05 Orthosoft Inc. Acetabular cup prosthesis positioning instrument and method
US10016241B2 (en) 2015-03-25 2018-07-10 Orthosoft Inc. Method and system for assisting implant placement in thin bones such as scapula
US10077420B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2018-09-18 Histogenics Corporation Cell and tissue culture container
US10124124B2 (en) 2013-06-11 2018-11-13 Zimmer, Inc. Computer assisted subchondral injection
US10130378B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2018-11-20 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Generating patient specific instruments for use as surgical aids
US10130478B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2018-11-20 Zimmer, Inc. Ethnic-specific orthopaedic implants and custom cutting jigs
US10217530B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2019-02-26 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific cutting block and method of manufacturing same
US10226262B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2019-03-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific humeral guide designs
US10271886B2 (en) 2012-07-23 2019-04-30 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific instrumentation for implant revision surgery
US10271858B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2019-04-30 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific bone grafting system and method
US10278711B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2019-05-07 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoral guide
US10282488B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2019-05-07 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc HTO guide with optional guided ACL/PCL tunnels
US10307174B2 (en) 2011-05-19 2019-06-04 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for providing a reference indication to a patient tissue
US10325065B2 (en) 2012-01-24 2019-06-18 Zimmer, Inc. Method and system for creating patient-specific instrumentation for chondral graft transfer
US10327786B2 (en) 2012-05-24 2019-06-25 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific instrumentation and method for articular joint repair
US10350022B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2019-07-16 Zimmer, Inc. Acetabular cup impacting using patient-specific instrumentation
US10405928B2 (en) 2015-02-02 2019-09-10 Orthosoft Ulc Acetabulum rim digitizer device and method
US10492798B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2019-12-03 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Backup kit for a patient-specific arthroplasty kit assembly
US10512496B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2019-12-24 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for assisting with arrangement of a stock instrument with respect to a patient tissue
US10543100B2 (en) 2012-03-28 2020-01-28 Zimmer, Inc. Glenoid implant surgery using patient specific instrumentation
US10568647B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-02-25 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific humeral guide designs
US10582969B2 (en) 2015-07-08 2020-03-10 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific instrumentation for implant revision surgery
US10603179B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2020-03-31 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific augments
US10624764B2 (en) 2015-11-26 2020-04-21 Orthosoft Ulc System and method for the registration of an anatomical feature
US10667829B2 (en) 2013-08-21 2020-06-02 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Bone resection guide and method
US10722310B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2020-07-28 Zimmer Biomet CMF and Thoracic, LLC Virtual surgery planning system and method
US10874408B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2020-12-29 Zimmer, Inc Patient-specific instrumentation for patellar resurfacing surgery and method
CN112932565A (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-11 吕阳 Finger is transplanted and is used alignment equipment
US11051829B2 (en) 2018-06-26 2021-07-06 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrument
US11173048B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2021-11-16 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Robotic system for shoulder arthroplasty using stemless implant components
US11179165B2 (en) 2013-10-21 2021-11-23 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Ligament guide registration
US11207132B2 (en) 2012-03-12 2021-12-28 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spinal surgery
US11229725B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2022-01-25 Allosource Cell repopulated collagen matrix for soft tissue repair and regeneration
US11241285B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2022-02-08 Mako Surgical Corp. Robotic system for shoulder arthroplasty using stemless implant components
US11376054B2 (en) 2018-04-17 2022-07-05 Stryker European Operations Limited On-demand implant customization in a surgical setting
US11419618B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2022-08-23 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guides
US11432945B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2022-09-06 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Robotic system for shoulder arthroplasty using stemless implant components
US20230000628A1 (en) * 2021-07-01 2023-01-05 Hyalex Orthopaedics, Inc. Multi-layered biomimetic osteochondral implants and methods of using thereof
US11576727B2 (en) 2016-03-02 2023-02-14 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for spinal correction surgical planning
US11576725B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2023-02-14 Orthosoft Ulc Patient-specific instrumentation for implant revision surgery
US11931049B2 (en) 2020-10-09 2024-03-19 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Apparatus and method for fabricating a customized patient-specific orthopaedic instrument

Families Citing this family (97)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110071802A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-03-24 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20090222103A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2009-09-03 Conformis, Inc. Articular Implants Providing Lower Adjacent Cartilage Wear
US7635390B1 (en) 2000-01-14 2009-12-22 Marctec, Llc Joint replacement component having a modular articulating surface
CA2365376C (en) 2000-12-21 2006-03-28 Ethicon, Inc. Use of reinforced foam implants with enhanced integrity for soft tissue repair and regeneration
US7824701B2 (en) 2002-10-18 2010-11-02 Ethicon, Inc. Biocompatible scaffold for ligament or tendon repair
US20040078090A1 (en) 2002-10-18 2004-04-22 Francois Binette Biocompatible scaffolds with tissue fragments
AU2003298919A1 (en) 2002-12-04 2004-06-23 Conformis, Inc. Fusion of multiple imaging planes for isotropic imaging in mri and quantitative image analysis using isotropic or near-isotropic imaging
US8197837B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2012-06-12 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Method of preparation of bioabsorbable porous reinforced tissue implants and implants thereof
US8226715B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2012-07-24 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Scaffold for connective tissue repair
US10583220B2 (en) * 2003-08-11 2020-03-10 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Method and apparatus for resurfacing an articular surface
US7316822B2 (en) 2003-11-26 2008-01-08 Ethicon, Inc. Conformable tissue repair implant capable of injection delivery
US7901461B2 (en) 2003-12-05 2011-03-08 Ethicon, Inc. Viable tissue repair implants and methods of use
US11395865B2 (en) 2004-02-09 2022-07-26 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Scaffolds with viable tissue
US8221780B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2012-07-17 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Nonwoven tissue scaffold
US8137686B2 (en) 2004-04-20 2012-03-20 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Nonwoven tissue scaffold
US7753962B2 (en) * 2007-01-30 2010-07-13 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. Textured medical devices
US9173662B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2015-11-03 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific tibial cutting blocks
WO2011106430A1 (en) 2010-02-25 2011-09-01 Depuy Products, Inc Customized patient-specific bone cutting blocks
WO2011106399A1 (en) 2010-02-25 2011-09-01 Depuy Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific bone cutting blocks
US9138239B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2015-09-22 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific tibial cutting blocks
CN101959474B (en) 2008-03-03 2014-12-17 史密夫和内修有限公司 Low profile patient specific cutting blocks for a knee joint
US8152846B2 (en) * 2008-03-06 2012-04-10 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Instrumentation and method for repair of meniscus tissue
WO2009154691A2 (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-23 Yale University Systems, devices and methods for cartilage and bone grafting
FR2932674B1 (en) 2008-06-20 2011-11-18 Tornier Sa METHOD FOR MODELING A GLENOIDAL SURFACE OF AN OMOPLATE, DEVICE FOR IMPLANTING A GLENOIDAL COMPONENT OF A SHOULDER PROSTHESIS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH COMPOUND
CN102724934B (en) * 2009-11-04 2016-01-20 康复米斯公司 The orthopedic implants of patient adaptability and improvement, design and related tool
WO2011105724A2 (en) * 2010-02-24 2011-09-01 주식회사 티이바이오스 Scaffold for articular cartilage regeneration and method for manufacturing same
WO2011106407A1 (en) * 2010-02-25 2011-09-01 Depuy Products, Inc. Method of fabricating customized patient-specific bone cutting blocks
US8908937B2 (en) 2010-07-08 2014-12-09 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Method and device for digital image templating
US9011453B2 (en) * 2010-09-10 2015-04-21 Zimmer, Inc. Bone preserving intraoperative downsizing system for orthopaedic implants
DE102011002536A1 (en) * 2011-01-11 2012-07-12 Aesculap Ag Packaging containing a medical product for the treatment of human or animal cartilage damage
US8917290B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2014-12-23 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Digital image templating
US8935628B2 (en) * 2011-05-12 2015-01-13 Jonathan Chernilo User interface for medical diagnosis
WO2012173890A2 (en) 2011-06-16 2012-12-20 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Surgical alignment using references
US8641721B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2014-02-04 DePuy Synthes Products, LLC Customized patient-specific orthopaedic pin guides
US10540479B2 (en) * 2011-07-15 2020-01-21 Stephen B. Murphy Surgical planning system and method
SG11201400064YA (en) * 2011-08-15 2014-09-26 Conformis Inc Revision systems, tools and methods for revising joint arthroplasty implants
WO2013056036A1 (en) * 2011-10-14 2013-04-18 Conformis, Inc. Methods and systems for identification, assessment, modeling, and repair of anatomical disparities in joint replacement
US9468502B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2016-10-18 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Patient specific implant positioning
US10016527B2 (en) 2012-10-23 2018-07-10 Orthovita, Inc. Materials and methods for repair of cartilage defects
WO2014093386A1 (en) 2012-12-10 2014-06-19 The Curators Of The University Of Missouri System, apparatus, and method for grafting tissue
EP2964155B1 (en) 2013-03-08 2017-11-01 Stryker Corporation Bone pads
KR102084534B1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2020-03-04 씽크 써지컬, 인크. Methods, devices and systems for computer-assisted robotic surgery
EP2967885B1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-12-14 Mako Surgical Corporation Knee implant
US9603768B1 (en) 2013-11-08 2017-03-28 MISA Technologies, L.L.C. Foot flexion and extension machine
EP3068317B1 (en) 2013-11-13 2018-08-22 Tornier Shoulder patient specific instrument
US9693882B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2017-07-04 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Optical trial device
JP6672181B2 (en) * 2014-06-10 2020-03-25 メイヨ フォンデーシヨン フォー メディカル エジュケーション アンド リサーチ Method for optimization of component design of joint arthroplasty
US10045826B2 (en) * 2015-01-20 2018-08-14 Mako Surgical Corporation Systems and methods for repairing bone with multiple tools
DE102015210984A1 (en) * 2015-06-16 2016-12-22 Siemens Corporation Method and arithmetic unit for generating a production model
CN106338423B (en) 2015-07-10 2020-07-14 三斯坎公司 Spatial multiplexing of histological staining
US11234768B1 (en) 2015-10-15 2022-02-01 Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic Screen-mounted trajectory and aiming guide for use with fluoroscopy
US11039927B2 (en) 2015-11-25 2021-06-22 Subchondral Solutions, Inc. Methods, systems and devices for repairing anatomical joint conditions
CA3007082A1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Tornier, Inc. Patient specific instruments and methods for joint prosthesis
EP3181050B1 (en) 2015-12-18 2020-02-12 Episurf IP Management AB System and method for creating a decision support material indicating damage to an anatomical joint
US11526988B2 (en) 2015-12-18 2022-12-13 Episurf Ip-Management Ab System and method for creating a decision support material indicating damage to an anatomical joint
US10004564B1 (en) 2016-01-06 2018-06-26 Paul Beck Accurate radiographic calibration using multiple images
US10010372B1 (en) 2016-01-06 2018-07-03 Paul Beck Marker Positioning Apparatus
US11638645B2 (en) * 2016-05-19 2023-05-02 University of Pittsburgh—of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education Biomimetic plywood motifs for bone tissue engineering
US10251654B2 (en) 2016-12-30 2019-04-09 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific surgical instrument with metallic insert
US10874404B2 (en) 2016-12-30 2020-12-29 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific surgical instruments and method
US11250561B2 (en) 2017-06-16 2022-02-15 Episurf Ip-Management Ab Determination and visualization of damage to an anatomical joint
US11076873B2 (en) 2017-07-11 2021-08-03 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Patient specific humeral cutting guides
WO2019014278A1 (en) 2017-07-11 2019-01-17 Tornier, Inc. Guides and instruments for improving accuracy of glenoid implant placement
US11166764B2 (en) 2017-07-27 2021-11-09 Carlsmed, Inc. Systems and methods for assisting and augmenting surgical procedures
US11112770B2 (en) 2017-11-09 2021-09-07 Carlsmed, Inc. Systems and methods for assisting a surgeon and producing patient-specific medical devices
US11083586B2 (en) 2017-12-04 2021-08-10 Carlsmed, Inc. Systems and methods for multi-planar orthopedic alignment
US10537343B2 (en) 2018-01-24 2020-01-21 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Low-profile metallic customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instruments
US10631878B2 (en) 2018-01-24 2020-04-28 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific anterior-posterior chamfer block and method
US10716581B2 (en) 2018-01-24 2020-07-21 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Method of designing and manufacturing low-profile customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instruments
US11432943B2 (en) 2018-03-14 2022-09-06 Carlsmed, Inc. Systems and methods for orthopedic implant fixation
WO2019195137A1 (en) 2018-04-03 2019-10-10 Convergent Dental, Inc. Laser system for surgical applications
US11439514B2 (en) 2018-04-16 2022-09-13 Carlsmed, Inc. Systems and methods for orthopedic implant fixation
DE102018113580A1 (en) * 2018-06-07 2019-12-12 Christoph Karl METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING AN IMPLANT
EP3810013A1 (en) 2018-06-19 2021-04-28 Tornier, Inc. Neural network for recommendation of shoulder surgery type
USD958151S1 (en) 2018-07-30 2022-07-19 Carlsmed, Inc. Display screen with a graphical user interface for surgical planning
GB2591885B (en) 2018-08-24 2023-05-31 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc Surgical guide assembly for performing a knee osteotomy procedure
GB2591192B (en) 2018-08-24 2023-02-08 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc Patient-specific surgical tools for knee osteotomies
CA3109668A1 (en) 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Surgical kit for knee osteotomies and corresponding preoperative planning method
WO2020037423A1 (en) 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Patient-specific fixation plate with spacing elements for knee osteotomies
WO2020037421A1 (en) 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Patient-specific fixation plate with wedge member for knee osteotomies
CA3109710A1 (en) 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Predrilling guide for knee osteotomy fixation plate
WO2020056186A1 (en) 2018-09-12 2020-03-19 Carlsmed, Inc. Systems and methods for orthopedic implants
US11645749B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2023-05-09 Episurf Ip-Management Ab Determination and visualization of damage to an anatomical joint
USD948719S1 (en) 2019-10-21 2022-04-12 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Posterior stabilizer for an osteotomy plate
US11278416B2 (en) 2019-11-14 2022-03-22 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Concentric keel TKA
US11376076B2 (en) 2020-01-06 2022-07-05 Carlsmed, Inc. Patient-specific medical systems, devices, and methods
US10902944B1 (en) 2020-01-06 2021-01-26 Carlsmed, Inc. Patient-specific medical procedures and devices, and associated systems and methods
USD920515S1 (en) 2020-01-08 2021-05-25 Restor3D, Inc. Spinal implant
USD920517S1 (en) 2020-01-08 2021-05-25 Restor3D, Inc. Osteotomy wedge
USD943100S1 (en) 2020-02-18 2022-02-08 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Osteotomy plate
CN111873407B (en) * 2020-07-27 2021-11-19 南通理工学院 3D printing method, 3D printing assembly and 3D printing platform used for same
US11324525B1 (en) 2021-06-30 2022-05-10 Kinos Medical Inc. Surgical alignment guide assembly for total ankle replacement and method of using the same
US20230088596A1 (en) * 2021-09-20 2023-03-23 Joon Bu Park Piezoelectric bone cements and cell culture dishes
US11443838B1 (en) 2022-02-23 2022-09-13 Carlsmed, Inc. Non-fungible token systems and methods for storing and accessing healthcare data
US11806241B1 (en) 2022-09-22 2023-11-07 Carlsmed, Inc. System for manufacturing and pre-operative inspecting of patient-specific implants
US11806028B1 (en) 2022-10-04 2023-11-07 Restor3D, Inc. Surgical guides and processes for producing and using the same
US11793577B1 (en) 2023-01-27 2023-10-24 Carlsmed, Inc. Techniques to map three-dimensional human anatomy data to two-dimensional human anatomy data

Citations (87)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4309778A (en) * 1979-07-02 1982-01-12 Biomedical Engineering Corp. New Jersey meniscal bearing knee replacement
US4436684A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-03-13 Contour Med Partners, Ltd. Method of forming implantable prostheses for reconstructive surgery
US4655227A (en) * 1985-06-06 1987-04-07 Diagnospine Research Inc. Equipment for the detection of mechanical injuries in the lumbar spine of a patient, using a mathematical model
US4813436A (en) * 1987-07-30 1989-03-21 Human Performance Technologies, Inc. Motion analysis system employing various operating modes
US5099859A (en) * 1988-12-06 1992-03-31 Bell Gene D Method and apparatus for comparative analysis of videofluoroscopic joint motion
US5282868A (en) * 1991-06-17 1994-02-01 Andre Bahler Prosthetic arrangement for a complex joint, especially knee joint
US5303148A (en) * 1987-11-27 1994-04-12 Picker International, Inc. Voice actuated volume image controller and display controller
US5405395A (en) * 1993-05-03 1995-04-11 Wright Medical Technology, Inc. Modular femoral implant
US5486496A (en) * 1994-06-10 1996-01-23 Alumina Ceramics Co. (Aci) Graphite-loaded silicon carbide
US5489309A (en) * 1993-01-06 1996-02-06 Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. Modular humeral component system
US5501687A (en) * 1992-11-20 1996-03-26 Sulzer Medizinaltechnik Ag Body for distributing bone cement for the anchoring of implants
US5503162A (en) * 1992-04-21 1996-04-02 Board Of Regents, University Of Texas System Arthroscopic cartilage evaluator and method for using the same
US5510121A (en) * 1988-11-21 1996-04-23 Rhee; Woonza M. Glycosaminoglycan-synthetic polymer conjugates
US5611802A (en) * 1995-02-14 1997-03-18 Samuelson; Kent M. Method and apparatus for resecting bone
US5616146A (en) * 1994-05-16 1997-04-01 Murray; William M. Method and apparatus for machining bone to fit an orthopedic surgical implant
US5728162A (en) * 1993-01-28 1998-03-17 Board Of Regents Of University Of Colorado Asymmetric condylar and trochlear femoral knee component
US5735277A (en) * 1994-09-27 1998-04-07 Schuster; Luis Method of producing an endoprosthesis as a joint substitute for knee-joints
US5871540A (en) * 1996-07-30 1999-02-16 Osteonics Corp. Patellar implant component and method
US5871018A (en) * 1995-12-26 1999-02-16 Delp; Scott L. Computer-assisted surgical method
US5880976A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-03-09 Carnegie Mellon University Apparatus and method for facilitating the implantation of artificial components in joints
US5885296A (en) * 1995-11-02 1999-03-23 Medidea, Llc Bone cutting guides with removable housings for use in the implantation of prosthetic joint components
US5885298A (en) * 1994-02-23 1999-03-23 Biomet, Inc. Patellar clamp and reamer with adjustable stop
US6013103A (en) * 1996-07-11 2000-01-11 Wright Medical Technology, Inc. Medial pivot knee prosthesis
US6175655B1 (en) * 1996-09-19 2001-01-16 Integrated Medical Systems, Inc. Medical imaging system for displaying, manipulating and analyzing three-dimensional images
US6178225B1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2001-01-23 Edge Medical Devices Ltd. System and method for management of X-ray imaging facilities
US6197325B1 (en) * 1990-11-27 2001-03-06 The American National Red Cross Supplemented and unsupplemented tissue sealants, methods of their production and use
US6197064B1 (en) * 1994-09-02 2001-03-06 Hudson Surgical Design, Inc. Prosthetic implant
US6205411B1 (en) * 1997-02-21 2001-03-20 Carnegie Mellon University Computer-assisted surgery planner and intra-operative guidance system
US6219571B1 (en) * 1998-04-06 2001-04-17 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Magnetic resonance imaging using driven equilibrium fourier transform
US20020013626A1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-31 Peter Geistlich Bone material and collagen combination for repair of injured joints
US6344059B1 (en) * 1996-02-26 2002-02-05 Gabor Krakovits Knee surface replacement prosthesis
US20020022884A1 (en) * 2000-03-27 2002-02-21 Mansmann Kevin A. Meniscus-type implant with hydrogel surface reinforced by three-dimensional mesh
US6352558B1 (en) * 1996-02-22 2002-03-05 Ed. Geistlich Soehne Ag Fuer Chemische Industrie Method for promoting regeneration of surface cartilage in a damage joint
US6358253B1 (en) * 1997-02-11 2002-03-19 Smith & Newhew Inc Repairing cartilage
US20020045940A1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2002-04-18 Bruno Giannetti Methods, instruments and materials for chondrocyte cell transplantation
US6375658B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-04-23 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Cartilage grafting
US6514514B1 (en) * 1997-08-14 2003-02-04 Sùlzer Biologics Inc. Device and method for regeneration and repair of cartilage lesions
US20030031292A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2003-02-13 Philipp Lang Methods and devices for quantitative analysis of x-ray images
US6520964B2 (en) * 2000-05-01 2003-02-18 Std Manufacturing, Inc. System and method for joint resurface repair
US20030035773A1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2003-02-20 Virtualscopics Llc System and method for quantitative assessment of joint diseases and the change over time of joint diseases
US20030045935A1 (en) * 2001-02-28 2003-03-06 Angelucci Christopher M. Laminoplasty implants and methods of use
US6533737B1 (en) * 1998-05-28 2003-03-18 Orthosoft, Inc. Interactive computer-assisted surgical system and method thereof
US20030063704A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2003-04-03 Philipp Lang Methods and devices for quantitative analysis of x-ray images
US20030069591A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2003-04-10 Carson Christopher Patrick Computer assisted knee arthroplasty instrumentation, systems, and processes
US6556855B2 (en) * 2000-07-25 2003-04-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the implementation of a perfusion measurement with magnetic resonance imaging
US6679917B2 (en) * 2000-05-01 2004-01-20 Arthrosurface, Incorporated System and method for joint resurface repair
US6690816B2 (en) * 2000-04-07 2004-02-10 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Systems and methods for tubular object processing
US6692448B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2004-02-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Artificial bone template selection system, artificial bone template display system, artificial bone template storage system and artificial bone template recording medium
US6702821B2 (en) * 2000-01-14 2004-03-09 The Bonutti 2003 Trust A Instrumentation for minimally invasive joint replacement and methods for using same
US6712856B1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2004-03-30 Kinamed, Inc. Custom replacement device for resurfacing a femur and method of making the same
US20040062358A1 (en) * 2000-10-11 2004-04-01 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and devices for analysis of X-ray images
US20050010106A1 (en) * 2003-03-25 2005-01-13 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods for the compensation of imaging technique in the processing of radiographic images
US20050015153A1 (en) * 2002-05-24 2005-01-20 Medicine Lodge, Inc. Implants and related methods and apparatus for securing an implant on an articulating surface of an orthopedic joint
US20050033424A1 (en) * 1999-05-10 2005-02-10 Fell Barry M. Surgically implantable knee prosthesis
US20050078802A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2005-04-14 Philipp Lang Calibration devices and methods of use thereof
US6984981B2 (en) * 2000-03-31 2006-01-10 Virtualscopics, Llc Magnetic resonance method and system forming an isotropic, high resolution, three-dimensional diagnostic image of a subject from two-dimensional image data scans
US7020314B1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2006-03-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Black blood angiography method and apparatus
US7174282B2 (en) * 2001-06-22 2007-02-06 Scott J Hollister Design methodology for tissue engineering scaffolds and biomaterial implants
US7184814B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2007-02-27 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and assessing cartilage loss
US20070047794A1 (en) * 2000-10-11 2007-03-01 Philipp Lang Methods and devices for analysis of x-ray images
US20070083266A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-04-12 Vertegen, Inc. Devices and methods for treating facet joints, uncovertebral joints, costovertebral joints and other joints
US7204807B2 (en) * 2001-07-24 2007-04-17 Sunlight Medical Ltd. Joint analysis using ultrasound
US7326252B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2008-02-05 Smith & Nephew, Inc. High performance knee prostheses
US20080031412A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2008-02-07 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Method for Bone Structure Prognosis and Simulated Bone Remodeling
US20080058613A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2008-03-06 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Method and System for Providing Fracture/No Fracture Classification
US20090076508A1 (en) * 2005-11-07 2009-03-19 Ft Innovations (Fti) B.V. Implantable prosthesis
US20090076371A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2009-03-19 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Joint and Cartilage Diagnosis, Assessment and Modeling
US7520901B2 (en) * 2001-06-14 2009-04-21 Alexandria Research Technologies, Inc. Bicompartmental implants and method of use
US7881768B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2011-02-01 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US20110029093A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2011-02-03 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20110066245A1 (en) * 2002-10-07 2011-03-17 Conformis, Inc. Minimally Invasive Joint Implant with 3-Dimensional Geometry Matching the Articular Surfaces
US20110071645A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-03-24 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20110071802A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-03-24 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US7914582B2 (en) * 2000-08-28 2011-03-29 Vertebral Technologies, Inc. Method and system for mammalian joint resurfacing
US20110087332A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2011-04-14 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US8094900B2 (en) * 2002-12-04 2012-01-10 Conformis, Inc. Fusion of multiple imaging planes for isotropic imaging in MRI and quantitative image analysis using isotropic or near-isotropic imaging
US8112142B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2012-02-07 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US20120093377A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2012-04-19 Conformis, Inc. Methods for determining meniscal size and shape and for devising treatment
US8343218B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-01-01 Conformis, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US20130006598A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2013-01-03 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the Condition of a Joint and Preventing Damage
US8366771B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-02-05 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US8377129B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-02-19 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8657827B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2014-02-25 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US8682052B2 (en) * 2008-03-05 2014-03-25 Conformis, Inc. Implants for altering wear patterns of articular surfaces
US20140086780A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Conformis, Inc. Methods and systems for optimizing design and manufacture of implant components using solid freeform fabrication
US8690945B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2014-04-08 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US20140109384A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2014-04-24 Conformis, Inc. Implant device and method for manufacture

Family Cites Families (577)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3314420A (en) * 1961-10-23 1967-04-18 Haeger Potteries Inc Prosthetic parts and methods of making the same
US3605123A (en) 1969-04-29 1971-09-20 Melpar Inc Bone implant
GB1324990A (en) 1969-08-25 1973-07-25 Nat Res Dev Prosthetic shoulder joint devices
CA962806A (en) 1970-06-04 1975-02-18 Ontario Research Foundation Surgical prosthetic device
US3938198A (en) 1970-08-04 1976-02-17 Cutter Laboratories, Inc. Hip joint prosthesis
GB1395896A (en) 1971-06-01 1975-05-29 Nat Res Dev Endoprosthetic knee joint devices
US3798679A (en) * 1971-07-09 1974-03-26 Ewald Frederick Joint prostheses
US3808606A (en) 1972-02-22 1974-05-07 R Tronzo Bone implant with porous exterior surface
DE2306552B2 (en) 1973-02-10 1975-07-03 Friedrichsfeld Gmbh Steinzeug- Und Kunststoffwerke, 6800 Mannheim Joint endoprosthesis
US3852830A (en) 1973-02-15 1974-12-10 Richards Mfg Co Knee prosthesis
US3843975A (en) 1973-04-09 1974-10-29 R Tronzo Prosthesis for femoral shaft
DE2340546A1 (en) 1973-08-10 1975-02-27 Pfaudler Werke Ag METALLIC IMPLANT AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURING
US4085466A (en) * 1974-11-18 1978-04-25 National Research Development Corporation Prosthetic joint device
US3982281A (en) 1975-07-25 1976-09-28 Giliberty Richard P Hip-joint prosthesis device
US4219893A (en) 1977-09-01 1980-09-02 United States Surgical Corporation Prosthetic knee joint
US3991425A (en) 1975-11-20 1976-11-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Prosthetic bone joint devices
US4055862A (en) * 1976-01-23 1977-11-01 Zimmer Usa, Inc. Human body implant of graphitic carbon fiber reinforced ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
US4052753A (en) 1976-08-02 1977-10-11 Dedo Richard G Knee spacer and method of reforming sliding body surfaces
US4098626A (en) 1976-11-15 1978-07-04 Thiokol Corporation Hydroxy terminated polybutadiene based polyurethane bound propellant grains
DE2703059C3 (en) 1977-01-26 1981-09-03 Sanitätshaus Schütt & Grundei, Werkstätten für Orthopädie-Technik, 2400 Lübeck Knee joint endoprosthesis
US4203444A (en) 1977-11-07 1980-05-20 Dyonics, Inc. Surgical instrument suitable for closed surgery such as of the knee
US4164793A (en) 1978-04-26 1979-08-21 Swanson Alfred B Lunate implant
US4213816A (en) 1978-06-12 1980-07-22 Glasrock Products, Inc. Method for bonding porous coating to rigid structural member
US4207627A (en) 1979-01-18 1980-06-17 Cloutier Jean Marie Knee prosthesis
US4211228A (en) 1979-01-24 1980-07-08 Cloutier Jean Marie Multipurpose tibial template
US4280231A (en) 1979-06-14 1981-07-28 Swanson Alfred B Elbow prosthesis
US4340978A (en) 1979-07-02 1982-07-27 Biomedical Engineering Corp. New Jersey meniscal bearing knee replacement
US4344193A (en) 1980-11-28 1982-08-17 Kenny Charles H Meniscus prosthesis
US4575805A (en) * 1980-12-24 1986-03-11 Moermann Werner H Method and apparatus for the fabrication of custom-shaped implants
US4368040A (en) 1981-06-01 1983-01-11 Ipco Corporation Dental impression tray for forming a dental prosthesis in situ
US4502161A (en) 1981-09-21 1985-03-05 Wall W H Prosthetic meniscus for the repair of joints
US4501266A (en) 1983-03-04 1985-02-26 Biomet, Inc. Knee distraction device
US4459985A (en) 1983-03-04 1984-07-17 Howmedica Inc. Tibial prosthesis extractor and method for extracting a tibial implant
DE3315401A1 (en) 1983-04-28 1984-10-31 Feldmühle AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Knee-joint prosthesis
US4601290A (en) 1983-10-11 1986-07-22 Cabot Medical Corporation Surgical instrument for cutting body tissue from a body area having a restricted space
DE8406730U1 (en) 1984-03-05 1984-04-26 Waldemar Link (Gmbh & Co), 2000 Hamburg Surgical chisel
US4609551A (en) 1984-03-20 1986-09-02 Arnold Caplan Process of and material for stimulating growth of cartilage and bony tissue at anatomical sites
JPS61247448A (en) 1985-04-25 1986-11-04 日石三菱株式会社 Production of artificial joint
US4594380A (en) 1985-05-01 1986-06-10 At&T Bell Laboratories Elastomeric controlled release formulation and article comprising same
DE3516743A1 (en) 1985-05-09 1986-11-13 orthoplant Endoprothetik GmbH, 2800 Bremen Endoprosthesis for a femoral head
US4627853A (en) 1985-05-29 1986-12-09 American Hospital Supply Corporation Method of producing prostheses for replacement of articular cartilage and prostheses so produced
US4699156A (en) 1985-06-06 1987-10-13 Diagnospine Research Inc. Non invasive method and equipment for the detection of torsional injuries in the lumar spine of a patient
US4715860A (en) 1985-08-23 1987-12-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Porous acetabular hip resurfacing
DE3535112A1 (en) 1985-10-02 1987-04-16 Witzel Ulrich TIBI PLATE PART OF A KNEE-KNEE ENDOPROTHESIS
FR2589720A1 (en) 1985-11-14 1987-05-15 Aubaniac Jean KNEE JOINT PROSTHETIC ASSEMBLY
US4721104A (en) 1985-12-02 1988-01-26 Dow Corning Wright Corporation Femoral surface shaping apparatus for posterior-stabilized knee implants
US4714474A (en) 1986-05-12 1987-12-22 Dow Corning Wright Corporation Tibial knee joint prosthesis with removable articulating surface insert
US4822365A (en) 1986-05-30 1989-04-18 Walker Peter S Method of design of human joint prosthesis
US4936862A (en) * 1986-05-30 1990-06-26 Walker Peter S Method of designing and manufacturing a human joint prosthesis
US4759350A (en) 1986-10-17 1988-07-26 Dunn Harold K Instruments for shaping distal femoral and proximal tibial surfaces
US4769040A (en) 1986-11-18 1988-09-06 Queen's University At Kingston Tibial prosthesis
US5041138A (en) 1986-11-20 1991-08-20 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Neomorphogenesis of cartilage in vivo from cell culture
CN86209787U (en) * 1986-11-29 1987-11-18 于也宽 Sleeve-shaped artificial elbow joint
US4714472A (en) 1987-01-20 1987-12-22 Osteonics Corp. Knee prosthesis with accommodation for angular misalignment
US5250050A (en) 1987-02-07 1993-10-05 Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. Apparatus for knee prosthesis
US5002547A (en) 1987-02-07 1991-03-26 Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. Apparatus for knee prosthesis
US4841975A (en) 1987-04-15 1989-06-27 Cemax, Inc. Preoperative planning of bone cuts and joint replacement using radiant energy scan imaging
US4846835A (en) 1987-06-15 1989-07-11 Grande Daniel A Technique for healing lesions in cartilage
US5681353A (en) 1987-07-20 1997-10-28 Regen Biologics, Inc. Meniscal augmentation device
US4880429A (en) 1987-07-20 1989-11-14 Stone Kevin R Prosthetic meniscus
US5306311A (en) * 1987-07-20 1994-04-26 Regen Corporation Prosthetic articular cartilage
US5007934A (en) 1987-07-20 1991-04-16 Regen Corporation Prosthetic meniscus
US4888021A (en) 1988-02-02 1989-12-19 Joint Medical Products Corporation Knee and patellar prosthesis
GB8802671D0 (en) 1988-02-05 1988-03-02 Goodfellow J W Orthopaedic joint components tools & methods
US4823807A (en) * 1988-02-11 1989-04-25 Board Of Regents, Univ. Of Texas System Device for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of articular and periarticular pathology
US5007936A (en) * 1988-02-18 1991-04-16 Cemax, Inc. Surgical method for hip joint replacement
JP2784766B2 (en) 1988-03-30 1998-08-06 京セラ株式会社 Artificial knee joint
FR2629339B1 (en) 1988-04-01 1997-09-12 Broc Christian LAYING MATERIAL FOR PARTICULARLY A TIBIAL AND / OR FEMORAL ELEMENT OF A BI-COMPARTMENTAL KNEE JOINT PROSTHESIS
US4979949A (en) 1988-04-26 1990-12-25 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington Robot-aided system for surgery
US4883488A (en) 1988-06-13 1989-11-28 Harrington Arthritis Research Center Tibial component for a knee prosthesis
GB8817908D0 (en) 1988-07-27 1988-09-01 Howmedica Tibial component for replacement knee prosthesis
US4886258A (en) 1988-08-24 1989-12-12 Scott James W Well leg operative support
US4944757A (en) 1988-11-07 1990-07-31 Martinez David M Modulator knee prosthesis system
US5162430A (en) 1988-11-21 1992-11-10 Collagen Corporation Collagen-polymer conjugates
US4872452A (en) 1989-01-09 1989-10-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Bone rasp
US4936853A (en) 1989-01-11 1990-06-26 Kirschner Medical Corporation Modular knee prosthesis
US5108452A (en) 1989-02-08 1992-04-28 Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. Modular hip prosthesis
US5053039A (en) 1989-09-14 1991-10-01 Intermedics Orthopedics Upper tibial osteotomy system
US5234433A (en) 1989-09-26 1993-08-10 Kirschner Medical Corporation Method and instrumentation for unicompartmental total knee arthroplasty
US5122144A (en) 1989-09-26 1992-06-16 Kirschner Medical Corporation Method and instrumentation for unicompartmental total knee arthroplasty
US5059216A (en) 1989-09-29 1991-10-22 Winters Thomas F Knee joint replacement apparatus
EP0425714A1 (en) 1989-10-28 1991-05-08 Metalpraecis Berchem + Schaberg Gesellschaft Für Metallformgebung Mbh Process for manufacturing an implantable joint prosthesis
US5067964A (en) * 1989-12-13 1991-11-26 Stryker Corporation Articular surface repair
EP0528080A1 (en) 1989-12-13 1993-02-24 Stryker Corporation Articular cartilage repair piece
US5246013A (en) 1989-12-22 1993-09-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Probe, system and method for detecting cartilage degeneration
US5129908A (en) 1990-01-23 1992-07-14 Petersen Thomas D Method and instruments for resection of the patella
US5019103A (en) 1990-02-05 1991-05-28 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Tibial wedge system
US5171322A (en) 1990-02-13 1992-12-15 Kenny Charles H Stabilized meniscus prosthesis
US5246530A (en) 1990-04-20 1993-09-21 Dynamet Incorporated Method of producing porous metal surface
US5086401A (en) * 1990-05-11 1992-02-04 International Business Machines Corporation Image-directed robotic system for precise robotic surgery including redundant consistency checking
US5523843A (en) 1990-07-09 1996-06-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Position detecting system
US5021061A (en) 1990-09-26 1991-06-04 Queen's University At Kingston Prosthetic patello-femoral joint
US5274565A (en) 1990-10-03 1993-12-28 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Process for making custom joint replacements
US5154178A (en) 1990-10-09 1992-10-13 Sri International Method and apparatus for obtaining in-vivo nmr data from a moving subject
US5197985A (en) 1990-11-16 1993-03-30 Caplan Arnold I Method for enhancing the implantation and differentiation of marrow-derived mesenchymal cells
US5226914A (en) 1990-11-16 1993-07-13 Caplan Arnold I Method for treating connective tissue disorders
US5123927A (en) 1990-12-05 1992-06-23 University Of British Columbia Method and apparatus for antibiotic knee prothesis
US5206023A (en) * 1991-01-31 1993-04-27 Robert F. Shaw Method and compositions for the treatment and repair of defects or lesions in cartilage
US5853746A (en) 1991-01-31 1998-12-29 Robert Francis Shaw Methods and compositions for the treatment and repair of defects or lesions in cartilage or bone using functional barrier
GB9102348D0 (en) 1991-02-04 1991-03-20 Inst Of Orthopaedics The Prosthesis for knee replacement
JP3007903B2 (en) * 1991-03-29 2000-02-14 京セラ株式会社 Artificial disc
CA2041532C (en) * 1991-04-30 2002-01-01 Hamdy Khalil Urethane sealant having improved sag properties
US5133759A (en) 1991-05-24 1992-07-28 Turner Richard H Asymmetrical femoral condye total knee arthroplasty prosthesis
US5417210A (en) 1992-05-27 1995-05-23 International Business Machines Corporation System and method for augmentation of endoscopic surgery
US5245282A (en) 1991-06-28 1993-09-14 University Of Virginia Alumni Patents Foundation Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging
GB9114603D0 (en) * 1991-07-05 1991-08-21 Johnson David P Improvements relating to patella prostheses
US5306307A (en) 1991-07-22 1994-04-26 Calcitek, Inc. Spinal disk implant
US5270300A (en) 1991-09-06 1993-12-14 Robert Francis Shaw Methods and compositions for the treatment and repair of defects or lesions in cartilage or bone
GB2261672A (en) 1991-11-18 1993-05-26 Michael Braden The use of biomaterials for tissue repair
US5344459A (en) 1991-12-03 1994-09-06 Swartz Stephen J Arthroscopically implantable prosthesis
CA2057108C (en) 1991-12-05 1996-12-31 Kelvin B. James System for controlling artificial knee joint action in an above knee prosthesis
DE4202717C1 (en) 1991-12-11 1993-06-17 Dietmar Prof. Dr. 3350 Kreiensen De Kubein-Meesenburg
US5344423A (en) 1992-02-06 1994-09-06 Zimmer, Inc. Apparatus and method for milling bone
US5258032A (en) 1992-04-03 1993-11-02 Bertin Kim C Knee prosthesis provisional apparatus and resection guide and method of use in knee replacement surgery
US5326365A (en) 1992-04-10 1994-07-05 Alvine Franklin G Ankle implant
CA2118507A1 (en) 1992-04-21 1993-10-28 Kyriacos Athanasiou Arthroscopic indenter and method for using the same
DE4213598A1 (en) 1992-04-24 1993-10-28 Klaus Draenert Cementless femoral prosthesis component and method of manufacture
US5423828A (en) 1992-05-14 1995-06-13 Bentwood Place, Inc. Method and apparatus for simplifying prosthetic joint replacements
US5365996A (en) 1992-06-10 1994-11-22 Amei Technologies Inc. Method and apparatus for making customized fixation devices
DE4219939C2 (en) 1992-06-18 1995-10-19 Klaus Dipl Ing Radermacher Device for aligning, positioning and guiding machining tools, machining or measuring devices for machining a bony structure and method for producing this device
US5824102A (en) 1992-06-19 1998-10-20 Buscayret; Christian Total knee prosthesis
US5326363A (en) 1992-09-14 1994-07-05 Zimmer, Inc. Provisional implant
US6096756A (en) * 1992-09-21 2000-08-01 Albert Einstein College Of Medicine Of Yeshiva University Method of simultaneously enhancing analgesic potency and attenuating dependence liability caused by morphine and other bimodally-acting opioid agonists
US5478739A (en) 1992-10-23 1995-12-26 Advanced Tissue Sciences, Inc. Three-dimensional stromal cell and tissue culture system
WO1994010914A1 (en) 1992-11-16 1994-05-26 Wright Medical Technology, Inc. System and method for profiling a patella
US5320102A (en) 1992-11-18 1994-06-14 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Method for diagnosing proteoglycan deficiency in cartilage based on magnetic resonance image (MRI)
US5445152A (en) 1992-11-23 1995-08-29 Resonex Holding Company Kinematic device for producing precise incremental flexing of the knee
FR2698537B1 (en) 1992-12-01 1995-01-06 Medinov Sa Three-compartment knee prosthesis.
AU691162B2 (en) 1992-12-14 1998-05-14 Biomedical Engineering Trust I Fixed bearing joint endoprosthesis
FR2699271B1 (en) 1992-12-15 1995-03-17 Univ Joseph Fourier Method for determining the femoral anchor point of a cruciate knee ligament.
US5360446A (en) 1992-12-18 1994-11-01 Zimmer, Inc. Interactive prosthesis design system for implantable prosthesis
US5387216A (en) 1993-02-18 1995-02-07 Thornhill; Thomas S. Intramedullary based instrument systems for total knee revision
US6001895A (en) 1993-03-22 1999-12-14 Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. Composite surgical material
US5724970A (en) 1993-04-06 1998-03-10 Fonar Corporation Multipositional MRI for kinematic studies of movable joints
FR2705785B1 (en) 1993-05-28 1995-08-25 Schlumberger Ind Sa Method for determining the attenuation function of an object with respect to the transmission of a reference thickness of a reference material and device for implementing the method.
US5413116A (en) 1993-06-24 1995-05-09 Bioresearch Method and apparatus for diagnosing joints
CA2126627C (en) 1993-07-06 2005-01-25 Kim C. Bertin Femoral milling instrumentation for use in total knee arthroplasty with optional cutting guide attachment
US5474559A (en) 1993-07-06 1995-12-12 Zimmer, Inc. Femoral milling instrumentation for use in total knee arthroplasty with optional cutting guide attachment
DE69432023T2 (en) 1993-09-10 2003-10-23 Univ Queensland Santa Lucia STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC ANATOMIC MODELING PROCESS
GB9322154D0 (en) 1993-10-27 1993-12-15 Foseco Int Coating compositions for refractory articles
US5522900A (en) 1993-12-17 1996-06-04 Avanta Orthopaedics Prosthetic joint and method of manufacture
JPH07194569A (en) 1994-01-11 1995-08-01 Toshiba Medical Eng Co Ltd Knee joint fixing tool for mri
WO1995019796A1 (en) 1994-01-21 1995-07-27 Brown University Research Foundation Biocompatible implants
WO1995020362A1 (en) 1994-01-26 1995-08-03 Reiley Mark A Improved inflatable device for use in surgical protocol relating to fixation of bone
US5437676A (en) 1994-01-27 1995-08-01 Developpement D'implants Orthopediques Et Medicaux Kneecap cutting device for the fitting of a total knee replacement
JP2980805B2 (en) 1994-03-01 1999-11-22 株式会社三協精機製作所 Artificial aggregate and its processing method
DE59409392D1 (en) 1994-03-15 2000-07-13 Sulzer Orthopaedie Ag Baar Tibial plateau for an artificial knee joint
GB9407153D0 (en) 1994-04-11 1994-06-01 Corin Medical Ltd Unicompartmental knee prosthesis
BE1008372A3 (en) 1994-04-19 1996-04-02 Materialise Nv METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A perfected MEDICAL MODEL BASED ON DIGITAL IMAGE INFORMATION OF A BODY.
FR2719466B1 (en) 1994-05-04 1997-06-06 Ysebaert Sa Knee prosthesis with movable meniscus.
US5723331A (en) 1994-05-05 1998-03-03 Genzyme Corporation Methods and compositions for the repair of articular cartilage defects in mammals
US5888220A (en) 1994-05-06 1999-03-30 Advanced Bio Surfaces, Inc. Articulating joint repair
US5556429A (en) 1994-05-06 1996-09-17 Advanced Bio Surfaces, Inc. Joint resurfacing system
GB9413607D0 (en) 1994-07-06 1994-08-24 Goodfellow John W Endoprosthetic knee joint device
FR2722392A1 (en) 1994-07-12 1996-01-19 Biomicron APPARATUS FOR RESECTING KNEE CONDYLES FOR PLACING A PROSTHESIS AND METHOD FOR PLACING SUCH AN APPARATUS
GB9415180D0 (en) 1994-07-28 1994-09-21 Walker Peter S Stabilised mobile bearing knee
US5632745A (en) * 1995-02-07 1997-05-27 R&D Biologicals, Inc. Surgical implantation of cartilage repair unit
US5769899A (en) 1994-08-12 1998-06-23 Matrix Biotechnologies, Inc. Cartilage repair unit
US5597379A (en) 1994-09-02 1997-01-28 Hudson Surgical Design, Inc. Method and apparatus for femoral resection alignment
US6695848B2 (en) 1994-09-02 2004-02-24 Hudson Surgical Design, Inc. Methods for femoral and tibial resection
US5810827A (en) 1994-09-02 1998-09-22 Hudson Surgical Design, Inc. Method and apparatus for bony material removal
CH690021A5 (en) 1994-09-28 2000-03-31 Precifar Sa Cutter holder and cutter set for surgery.
CA2160198C (en) 1994-10-27 2003-12-30 Michael J. Pappas Prosthesis fixturing device
EP0843529B1 (en) 1994-10-28 2002-06-05 LaserSight Technologies, Inc. Multi-camera corneal analysis system
US5578037A (en) 1994-11-14 1996-11-26 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Surgical guide for femoral resection
US5630820A (en) 1994-12-05 1997-05-20 Sulzer Orthopedics Inc. Surgical bicompartmental tensiometer for revision knee surgery
JP3490520B2 (en) 1994-12-12 2004-01-26 株式会社ニデック Ophthalmic equipment
JP3419931B2 (en) 1994-12-26 2003-06-23 京セラ株式会社 Artificial knee joint
US5540696A (en) 1995-01-06 1996-07-30 Zimmer, Inc. Instrumentation for use in orthopaedic surgery
US6102955A (en) 1995-01-19 2000-08-15 Mendes; David Surgical method, surgical tool and artificial implants for repairing knee joints
US5560096B1 (en) 1995-01-23 1998-03-10 Smith & Nephew Richards Inc Method of manufacturing femoral knee implant
US5749874A (en) 1995-02-07 1998-05-12 Matrix Biotechnologies, Inc. Cartilage repair unit and method of assembling same
US5609642A (en) 1995-02-15 1997-03-11 Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. Tibial trial prosthesis and bone preparation system
US5575793A (en) 1995-02-15 1996-11-19 Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. Patella clamp apparatus
US5593450A (en) 1995-02-27 1997-01-14 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Oval domed shaped patella prosthesis
US5683468A (en) 1995-03-13 1997-11-04 Pappas; Michael J. Mobile bearing total joint replacement
US5766259A (en) 1995-03-14 1998-06-16 Sammarco; Giacomo J. Total ankle prosthesis and method
US5906934A (en) 1995-03-14 1999-05-25 Morphogen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair
US5571191A (en) 1995-03-16 1996-11-05 Fitz; William R. Artificial facet joint
US5900245A (en) 1996-03-22 1999-05-04 Focal, Inc. Compliant tissue sealants
US5832422A (en) 1995-04-11 1998-11-03 Wiedenhoefer; Curt Measuring device
FR2732886B1 (en) 1995-04-13 1997-10-31 France Bloc Sa PATELLAR CUTTING GUIDE FOR PLACEMENT OF THE PROSTHETIC KNEE PROSTHESIS PATELLA
US5542947A (en) 1995-05-12 1996-08-06 Huwmedica Inc. Slotted patella resection guide and stylus
US6132463A (en) 1995-05-19 2000-10-17 Etex Corporation Cell seeding of ceramic compositions
US5776137A (en) 1995-05-31 1998-07-07 Katz; Lawrence Method and apparatus for locating bone cuts at the distal condylar femur region to receive a knee prosthesis
US6077270A (en) 1995-05-31 2000-06-20 Katz; Lawrence Method and apparatus for locating bone cuts at the distal condylar femur region to receive a femoral prothesis and to coordinate tibial and patellar resection and replacement with femoral resection and replacement
US5737506A (en) 1995-06-01 1998-04-07 Medical Media Systems Anatomical visualization system
US5865849A (en) 1995-06-07 1999-02-02 Crosscart, Inc. Meniscal heterografts
US6046379A (en) 1995-06-07 2000-04-04 Stone; Kevin R. Meniscal xenografts
ES2173289T3 (en) 1995-06-12 2002-10-16 Yeda Res & Dev FGF9 AS SPECIFIC BINDING FOR FGFR3.
DE19521597A1 (en) 1995-06-14 1996-12-19 Kubein Meesenburg Dietmar Artificial joint, especially an endoprosthesis to replace natural joints
US5613970A (en) 1995-07-06 1997-03-25 Zimmer, Inc. Orthopaedic instrumentation assembly having an offset bushing
US5649929A (en) 1995-07-10 1997-07-22 Callaway; George Hadley Knee joint flexion-gap distraction device
US5968051A (en) 1995-07-27 1999-10-19 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Patella clamping device
US5840443A (en) 1995-07-31 1998-11-24 Midwest Research Institute Redox polymer electrodes for advanced batteries
US5671741A (en) 1995-08-04 1997-09-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Magnetic resonance imaging technique for tissue characterization
GB2304051B (en) 1995-08-09 1999-01-27 Corin Medical Ltd A knee prosthesis
FR2737967B1 (en) 1995-08-24 1997-11-28 Benoist Girard & Cie KNEE PROSTHESIS CORRECTION APPARATUS
US5601563A (en) 1995-08-25 1997-02-11 Zimmer, Inc. Orthopaedic milling template with attachable cutting guide
US20020143402A1 (en) 1995-09-04 2002-10-03 Limber Ltd. Hip joint prostheses
US5658291A (en) 1995-09-29 1997-08-19 Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. Median ridge referencing patella cutting system
US5871546A (en) * 1995-09-29 1999-02-16 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Femoral component condyle design for knee prosthesis
GB2306653B (en) 1995-10-23 1999-12-15 Finsbury Surgical tool
FR2740326B1 (en) 1995-10-31 1998-02-20 Osteal Medical Lab FEMORO-PATELLAR PROSTHESIS OF THE KNEE
US6200606B1 (en) 1996-01-16 2001-03-13 Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. Isolation of precursor cells from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic tissues and their use in vivo bone and cartilage regeneration
CA2168283A1 (en) 1996-01-29 1997-07-30 John Michael Lee Preparation of biological material for implants
JP2965137B2 (en) 1996-02-02 1999-10-18 瑞穂医科工業株式会社 Artificial knee joint
US5681354A (en) 1996-02-20 1997-10-28 Board Of Regents, University Of Colorado Asymmetrical femoral component for knee prosthesis
US5702463A (en) 1996-02-20 1997-12-30 Smith & Nephew Inc. Tibial prosthesis with polymeric liner and liner insertion/removal instrument
US5842477A (en) 1996-02-21 1998-12-01 Advanced Tissue Sciences, Inc. Method for repairing cartilage
US5769092A (en) 1996-02-22 1998-06-23 Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc. Computer-aided system for revision total hip replacement surgery
US5683466A (en) 1996-03-26 1997-11-04 Vitale; Glenn C. Joint surface replacement system
CA2201057C (en) 1996-03-29 2002-01-01 Kenji Morimoto A method of processing a sectional image of a sample bone including a cortical bone portion and a cancellous bone portion
US6299905B1 (en) 1996-04-16 2001-10-09 Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. Bioerodable polymeric adhesives for tissue repair
GB9611059D0 (en) 1996-05-28 1996-07-31 Howmedica Tibial element for a replacement knee prosthesis
CA2256400A1 (en) 1996-05-28 1997-12-04 Brown University Research Foundation Hyaluronan based biodegradable scaffolds for tissue repair
GB9611074D0 (en) 1996-05-28 1996-07-31 Howmedica Surgical apparatus
ATE250666T1 (en) * 1996-06-04 2003-10-15 Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARTILAGE TISSUE AND IMPLANTS
US5779710A (en) 1996-06-21 1998-07-14 Matsen, Iii; Frederick A. Joint replacement method and apparatus
US6126690A (en) 1996-07-03 2000-10-03 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Anatomically correct prosthesis and method and apparatus for manufacturing prosthesis
US5681316A (en) 1996-08-22 1997-10-28 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Tibial resection guide
US6569172B2 (en) 1996-08-30 2003-05-27 Verigen Transplantation Service International (Vtsi) Method, instruments, and kit for autologous transplantation
US5989269A (en) 1996-08-30 1999-11-23 Vts Holdings L.L.C. Method, instruments and kit for autologous transplantation
GB2318058B (en) 1996-09-25 2001-03-21 Ninian Spenceley Peckitt Improvements relating to prosthetic implants
SE9603540D0 (en) 1996-09-27 1996-09-27 Ingvar Eriksson Orthopedic device
US5824085A (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-10-20 Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc. System and method for cavity generation for surgical planning and initial placement of a bone prosthesis
US5830216A (en) 1996-10-30 1998-11-03 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Apparatus and method for knee implantation
DE19646891A1 (en) 1996-11-13 1998-05-14 Kubein Meesenburg Dietmar Artificial joint, especially an endoprosthesis to replace natural joints
DE19647155C2 (en) 1996-11-14 1998-11-19 Plus Endoprothetik Ag Implant
EP0873145A2 (en) 1996-11-15 1998-10-28 Advanced Bio Surfaces, Inc. Biomaterial system for in situ tissue repair
US5928945A (en) 1996-11-20 1999-07-27 Advanced Tissue Sciences, Inc. Application of shear flow stress to chondrocytes or chondrocyte stem cells to produce cartilage
WO1998025550A1 (en) * 1996-12-09 1998-06-18 Groupe Contrôle Dedienne Gcd S.A. Complete knee joint prosthesis
US6989115B2 (en) 1996-12-20 2006-01-24 Z Corporation Method and apparatus for prototyping a three-dimensional object
US8735773B2 (en) 2007-02-14 2014-05-27 Conformis, Inc. Implant device and method for manufacture
US8556983B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-15 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved orthopedic implants, designs and related tools
US8882847B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-11-11 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
US20090222103A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2009-09-03 Conformis, Inc. Articular Implants Providing Lower Adjacent Cartilage Wear
US8771365B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2014-07-08 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved orthopedic implants, designs, and related tools
US20070100462A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2007-05-03 Conformis, Inc Joint Arthroplasty Devices
US20070233269A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2007-10-04 Conformis, Inc. Interpositional Joint Implant
US10085839B2 (en) 2004-01-05 2018-10-02 Conformis, Inc. Patient-specific and patient-engineered orthopedic implants
US8234097B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-07-31 Conformis, Inc. Automated systems for manufacturing patient-specific orthopedic implants and instrumentation
US7618451B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2009-11-17 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing total and partial joint arthroplasty
GB9700508D0 (en) 1997-01-11 1997-02-26 Smith & Nephew Hydrogels
US5866165A (en) 1997-01-15 1999-02-02 Orquest, Inc. Collagen-polysaccharide matrix for bone and cartilage repair
CA2226240A1 (en) 1997-01-17 1998-07-17 Ceramtec Ag Fixation of a tibial part on a tibial plate of a knee-joint endoprosthesis
EP0971638A4 (en) 1997-01-28 2003-07-30 New York Society Method and apparatus for femoral resection
US5779651A (en) 1997-02-07 1998-07-14 Bio Syntech Medical apparatus for the diagnosis of cartilage degeneration via spatial mapping of compression-induced electrical potentials
JP4388602B2 (en) 1997-02-07 2009-12-24 ストライカー コーポレイション Bone-forming device not containing matrix, graft, and method of use thereof
US6289753B1 (en) 1997-02-14 2001-09-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services Method for measuring mechanical properties of the collagen network in cartilage
DE19721661A1 (en) * 1997-05-23 1998-11-26 Zimmer Markus Bone and cartilage replacement structures
CN2305966Y (en) * 1997-06-09 1999-02-03 山东省文登整骨医院 Artificial body for generating bone and joint
JPH1119104A (en) 1997-06-30 1999-01-26 Kazumasa Itokazu Artificial bone replenishing material for knee tibia round part sinking fracture
US6078680A (en) 1997-07-25 2000-06-20 Arch Development Corporation Method, apparatus, and storage medium for detection of nodules in biological tissue using wavelet snakes to characterize features in radiographic images
US6110209A (en) 1997-08-07 2000-08-29 Stone; Kevin R. Method and paste for articular cartilage transplantation
US6039764A (en) * 1997-08-18 2000-03-21 Arch Development Corporation Prosthetic knee with adjusted center of internal/external rotation
AU766783B2 (en) 1997-08-19 2003-10-23 Philipp Lang Ultrasonic transmission films and devices, particularly for hygienic transducer surfaces
US6162208A (en) 1997-09-11 2000-12-19 Genzyme Corporation Articulating endoscopic implant rotator surgical apparatus and method for using same
KR100245271B1 (en) * 1997-10-01 2000-02-15 윤종용 Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same
JPH11178837A (en) 1997-10-06 1999-07-06 General Electric Co <Ge> Reference structure constitution system and reference structure assembly
US5913821A (en) 1997-10-14 1999-06-22 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Diagnostic method and apparatus for assessing canine hip dysplasia
FR2769826B1 (en) 1997-10-21 1999-12-03 Aesculap Sa KNEE PROSTHESIS COMPRISING A TIBIAL THICKNESS
US6161080A (en) 1997-11-17 2000-12-12 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Three dimensional multibody modeling of anatomical joints
DE69836592T2 (en) 1997-11-18 2007-10-11 Biomedical Engineering Trust I GUIDANCE APPARATUS FOR ANTERO-POSTERIORE FEMORAL RESEARCH WITH A SET OF REMOVABLE SLEEPING HOLES
JPH11155142A (en) 1997-11-19 1999-06-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Medical treatment support system
US6082364A (en) 1997-12-15 2000-07-04 Musculoskeletal Development Enterprises, Llc Pluripotential bone marrow cell line and methods of using the same
DE19803673A1 (en) * 1998-01-30 1999-08-05 Norbert M Dr Meenen Biohybrid joint replacement
US5916220A (en) 1998-02-02 1999-06-29 Medidea, Llc Bone cutting guide and method to accommodate different-sized implants
DE59800097D1 (en) 1998-02-11 2000-04-13 Plus Endoprothetik Ag Rotkreuz Femoral hip prosthesis
WO1999040864A1 (en) 1998-02-12 1999-08-19 Midwest Orthopaedic Research Foundation Tibial resection guide
DE19807603A1 (en) 1998-02-17 1999-08-19 Krehl Inlet for knee joint endoprosthesis adjusts flexible to radius of femur
JPH11239165A (en) 1998-02-20 1999-08-31 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Medical network system
US6057927A (en) 1998-02-25 2000-05-02 American Iron And Steel Institute Laser-ultrasound spectroscopy apparatus and method with detection of shear resonances for measuring anisotropy, thickness, and other properties
US6171340B1 (en) * 1998-02-27 2001-01-09 Mcdowell Charles L. Method and device for regenerating cartilage in articulating joints
AU3097999A (en) 1998-03-18 1999-10-11 University Of Pittsburgh Chitosan-based composite materials containing glycosaminoglycan for cartilage repair
JP3694584B2 (en) 1998-03-31 2005-09-14 京セラ株式会社 Surface-modified bone prosthesis member and method for manufacturing the same
US5882929A (en) 1998-04-07 1999-03-16 Tissue Engineering, Inc. Methods and apparatus for the conditioning of cartilage replacement tissue
WO1999054784A1 (en) 1998-04-21 1999-10-28 University Of Connecticut Free-form nanofabrication using multi-photon excitation
US5997582A (en) 1998-05-01 1999-12-07 Weiss; James M. Hip replacement methods and apparatus
US6090144A (en) 1998-05-12 2000-07-18 Letot; Patrick Synthetic knee system
US6835377B2 (en) 1998-05-13 2004-12-28 Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. Osteoarthritis cartilage regeneration
US6007537A (en) 1998-06-15 1999-12-28 Sulzer Orthopedics Inc. Nested cutting block
JP2954576B1 (en) 1998-06-29 1999-09-27 三菱電機株式会社 Insertion / extraction device and electronic equipment system
US6010509A (en) 1998-07-01 2000-01-04 The Dana Center For Orthopaedic Implants Patella resection drill and prosthesis implantation device
US6081577A (en) 1998-07-24 2000-06-27 Wake Forest University Method and system for creating task-dependent three-dimensional images
US6056756A (en) 1998-08-11 2000-05-02 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Femoral tensing and sizing device
US6336941B1 (en) 1998-08-14 2002-01-08 G. V. Subba Rao Modular hip implant with shock absorption system
US6530956B1 (en) 1998-09-10 2003-03-11 Kevin A. Mansmann Resorbable scaffolds to promote cartilage regeneration
US6132468A (en) 1998-09-10 2000-10-17 Mansmann; Kevin A. Arthroscopic replacement of cartilage using flexible inflatable envelopes
US6443991B1 (en) 1998-09-21 2002-09-03 Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. Posterior stabilized mobile bearing knee
EP1117335B1 (en) 1998-10-02 2009-03-25 Synthes GmbH Spinal disc space distractor
US6152960A (en) 1998-10-13 2000-11-28 Biomedical Engineering Trust I Femoral component for knee endoprosthesis
US6063091A (en) 1998-10-13 2000-05-16 Stryker Technologies Corporation Methods and tools for tibial intermedullary revision surgery and associated tibial components
US6310619B1 (en) 1998-11-10 2001-10-30 Robert W. Rice Virtual reality, tissue-specific body model having user-variable tissue-specific attributes and a system and method for implementing the same
US6328765B1 (en) 1998-12-03 2001-12-11 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Methods and articles for regenerating living tissue
US6096043A (en) 1998-12-18 2000-08-01 Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. Epicondylar axis alignment-femoral positioning drill guide
US6106529A (en) 1998-12-18 2000-08-22 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Epicondylar axis referencing drill guide
US6302582B1 (en) 1998-12-22 2001-10-16 Bio-Imaging Technologies, Inc. Spine phantom simulating cortical and trabecular bone for calibration of dual energy x-ray bone densitometers
US6623526B1 (en) 1999-01-08 2003-09-23 Corin Limited Knee prosthesis
US6146422A (en) 1999-01-25 2000-11-14 Lawson; Kevin Jon Prosthetic nucleus replacement for surgical reconstruction of intervertebral discs and treatment method
US6156069A (en) 1999-02-04 2000-12-05 Amstutz; Harlan C. Precision hip joint replacement method
JP2002537022A (en) 1999-02-16 2002-11-05 ズルツァー バイオロジクス インコーポレイテッド Apparatus and method for regenerating and repairing cartilage lesion
GB2348373B (en) 1999-03-09 2001-03-14 Corin Medical Ltd A knee prosthesis
US6120541A (en) * 1999-03-23 2000-09-19 Johnson; Lanny L. Apparatus for use in grafting articular cartilage
ES2295021T3 (en) 1999-03-25 2008-04-16 Metabolix, Inc. USE AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMER POLYMERS (HYDROXIALCANOATS).
DE69929428T2 (en) 1999-04-02 2006-08-24 Fell, Barry M. SURGICAL IMPLANTABLE KNEE PROSTHESIS
US6558421B1 (en) 2000-09-19 2003-05-06 Barry M. Fell Surgically implantable knee prosthesis
US6206927B1 (en) * 1999-04-02 2001-03-27 Barry M. Fell Surgically implantable knee prothesis
US6866684B2 (en) * 1999-05-10 2005-03-15 Barry M. Fell Surgically implantable knee prosthesis having different tibial and femoral surface profiles
US6911044B2 (en) 1999-05-10 2005-06-28 Barry M. Fell Surgically implantable knee prosthesis having medially shifted tibial surface
US6893463B2 (en) 1999-05-10 2005-05-17 Barry M. Fell Surgically implantable knee prosthesis having two-piece keyed components
US7297161B2 (en) 1999-05-10 2007-11-20 Fell Barry M Surgically implantable knee prosthesis
US6966928B2 (en) * 1999-05-10 2005-11-22 Fell Barry M Surgically implantable knee prosthesis having keels
US6923831B2 (en) 1999-05-10 2005-08-02 Barry M. Fell Surgically implantable knee prosthesis having attachment apertures
US6310477B1 (en) 1999-05-10 2001-10-30 General Electric Company MR imaging of lesions and detection of malignant tumors
US6855165B2 (en) * 1999-05-10 2005-02-15 Barry M. Fell Surgically implantable knee prosthesis having enlarged femoral surface
DE19922279A1 (en) 1999-05-11 2000-11-16 Friedrich Schiller Uni Jena Bu Procedure for generating patient-specific implants
US6251143B1 (en) 1999-06-04 2001-06-26 Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. Cartilage repair unit
DE19926083A1 (en) 1999-06-08 2000-12-14 Universitaetsklinikum Freiburg Biological joint construct
GB9914074D0 (en) 1999-06-16 1999-08-18 Btg Int Ltd Tibial component
FR2795945B1 (en) 1999-07-09 2001-10-26 Scient X ANATOMICAL INTERSOMATIC IMPLANT AND GRIPPER FOR SUCH AN IMPLANT
US6299645B1 (en) 1999-07-23 2001-10-09 William S. Ogden Dove tail total knee replacement unicompartmental
US6179840B1 (en) 1999-07-23 2001-01-30 Ethicon, Inc. Graft fixation device and method
FR2796836B1 (en) 1999-07-26 2002-03-22 Michel Bercovy NEW KNEE PROSTHESIS
US6203546B1 (en) 1999-07-27 2001-03-20 Macmahon Edward B Method and apparatus for medial tibial osteotomy
DE19936682C1 (en) 1999-08-04 2001-05-10 Luis Schuster Process for the production of an endoprosthesis as a joint replacement for knee joints
GB9918884D0 (en) 1999-08-10 1999-10-13 Novarticulate Bv Method and apparatus for delivering cement to bones
US6322588B1 (en) 1999-08-17 2001-11-27 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Medical devices with metal/polymer composites
US6429013B1 (en) 1999-08-19 2002-08-06 Artecel Science, Inc. Use of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells for chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage repair
FR2798671A1 (en) 1999-09-16 2001-03-23 Univ Paris Curie CHONDROCYTE COMPOSITIONS, PREPARATION AND USES
US6322563B1 (en) 1999-09-17 2001-11-27 Genzyme Corporation Small tissue and membrane fixation apparatus and methods for use thereof
US6673116B2 (en) * 1999-10-22 2004-01-06 Mark A. Reiley Intramedullary guidance systems and methods for installing ankle replacement prostheses
WO2001032079A2 (en) 1999-11-01 2001-05-10 Arthrovision, Inc. Evaluating disease progression using magnetic resonance imaging
US20030173695A1 (en) 1999-11-12 2003-09-18 Therics, Inc. Rapid prototyping and manufacturing process
AU1618201A (en) 1999-11-19 2001-05-30 Children's Medical Center Corporation Methods for inducing chondrogenesis and producing de novo cartilage in vitro
US6592624B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2003-07-15 Depuy Acromed, Inc. Prosthetic implant element
US6379388B1 (en) 1999-12-08 2002-04-30 Ortho Development Corporation Tibial prosthesis locking system and method of repairing knee joint
BR0016474A (en) 1999-12-17 2002-08-20 Prosthetic device
US6623963B1 (en) 1999-12-20 2003-09-23 Verigen Ag Cellular matrix
US6334066B1 (en) 1999-12-21 2001-12-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for monitoring growth disorder therapy
US7635390B1 (en) 2000-01-14 2009-12-22 Marctec, Llc Joint replacement component having a modular articulating surface
US7104996B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2006-09-12 Marctec. Llc Method of performing surgery
US6770078B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2004-08-03 Peter M. Bonutti Movable knee implant and methods therefor
US6508821B1 (en) 2000-01-28 2003-01-21 Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. Soft tissue repair material fixation apparatus and method
US6342075B1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2002-01-29 Macarthur A. Creig Prosthesis and methods for total knee arthroplasty
US6382028B1 (en) 2000-02-23 2002-05-07 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Ultrasonic defect detection system
US6371958B1 (en) 2000-03-02 2002-04-16 Ethicon, Inc. Scaffold fixation device for use in articular cartilage repair
US6332894B1 (en) 2000-03-07 2001-12-25 Zimmer, Inc. Polymer filled spinal fusion cage
US6591581B2 (en) 2000-03-08 2003-07-15 Arthrex, Inc. Method for preparing and inserting round, size specific osteochondral cores in the knee
AU2001240345B2 (en) 2000-03-10 2005-02-10 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Apparatus for use in arthroplasty of the knees
WO2001068800A1 (en) 2000-03-11 2001-09-20 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Bioreactor for generating functional cartilaginous tissue
US6626945B2 (en) 2000-03-14 2003-09-30 Chondrosite, Llc Cartilage repair plug
GB0007392D0 (en) 2000-03-27 2000-05-17 Benoist Girard & Cie Prosthetic femoral component
WO2001077988A2 (en) 2000-04-05 2001-10-18 Therics, Inc. System and method for rapidly customizing a design and remotely manufacturing biomedical devices using a computer system
US6772026B2 (en) 2000-04-05 2004-08-03 Therics, Inc. System and method for rapidly customizing design, manufacture and/or selection of biomedical devices
US20020016543A1 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-02-07 Tyler Jenny A. Method for diagnosis of and prognosis for damaged tissue
US6676706B1 (en) 2000-04-26 2004-01-13 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty
US8177841B2 (en) 2000-05-01 2012-05-15 Arthrosurface Inc. System and method for joint resurface repair
EP2062541B1 (en) 2000-05-01 2018-07-11 ArthroSurface, Inc. System for joint resurface repair
US6373250B1 (en) 2000-05-19 2002-04-16 Ramot University Authority For Applied Research And Industrial Development Ltd. Method of magnetic resonance imaging
GB0015433D0 (en) 2000-06-24 2000-08-16 Victrex Mfg Ltd Bio-compatible polymeric materials
GB0015430D0 (en) 2000-06-24 2000-08-16 Victrex Mfg Ltd Bio-compatible polymeric materials
GB0015424D0 (en) 2000-06-24 2000-08-16 Victrex Mfg Ltd Bio-compatible polymeric materials
US6478799B1 (en) 2000-06-29 2002-11-12 Richard V. Williamson Instruments and methods for use in performing knee surgery
US6296646B1 (en) 2000-06-29 2001-10-02 Richard V. Williamson Instruments and methods for use in performing knee surgery
US6479996B1 (en) 2000-07-10 2002-11-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics Magnetic resonance imaging of several volumes
FR2812541B1 (en) 2000-08-01 2003-07-04 Jean Manuel Aubaniac UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE PROSTHESIS
US6254693B1 (en) * 2000-08-09 2001-07-03 Brian C. Dawson Golf equipment storage device and method of using the same
US6249692B1 (en) 2000-08-17 2001-06-19 The Research Foundation Of City University Of New York Method for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis
AU2001286892B2 (en) 2000-08-29 2007-03-15 Imaging Therapeutics Inc. Methods and devices for quantitative analysis of x-ray images
ES2254519T3 (en) 2000-08-31 2006-06-16 Plus Orthopedics Ag DETERMINATION DEVICE OF A LOADING AXLE OF AN EXTREMITY.
US6592515B2 (en) * 2000-09-07 2003-07-15 Ams Research Corporation Implantable article and method
EP1319217B1 (en) 2000-09-14 2008-11-12 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Technique for manipulating medical images
JP2002102236A (en) 2000-10-02 2002-04-09 Koseki Ika Kk Drill guide for patella
US7106479B2 (en) 2000-10-10 2006-09-12 Stryker Corporation Systems and methods for enhancing the viewing of medical images
EP1337287A2 (en) 2000-10-25 2003-08-27 SDGI Holdings, Inc. Self-forming orthopedic implants
EP1346325A2 (en) 2000-10-31 2003-09-24 Ecole de Technologie Superieure High precision modeling of a body part using a 3d imaging system
NZ525435A (en) 2000-10-31 2004-06-25 Depuy Acromed Inc Mineralized collagen-polysaccharide matrix for bone and cartilage repair
US6510334B1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2003-01-21 Luis Schuster Method of producing an endoprosthesis as a joint substitute for a knee joint
US6786930B2 (en) 2000-12-04 2004-09-07 Spineco, Inc. Molded surgical implant and method
US6494914B2 (en) 2000-12-05 2002-12-17 Biomet, Inc. Unicondylar femoral prosthesis and instruments
US7192445B2 (en) 2000-12-06 2007-03-20 Astra Tech Ab Medical prosthetic devices and implants having improved biocompatibility
US20020072821A1 (en) 2000-12-11 2002-06-13 Baker Gregg S. Parametric input to a design and production system
US6503280B2 (en) 2000-12-26 2003-01-07 John A. Repicci Prosthetic knee and method of inserting
US6589281B2 (en) 2001-01-16 2003-07-08 Edward R. Hyde, Jr. Transosseous core approach and instrumentation for joint replacement and repair
FR2819714B1 (en) 2001-01-19 2004-02-06 Frederic Fortin INTERVERTEBRAL DISC PROSTHESIS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION METHOD
US20040102866A1 (en) 2001-01-29 2004-05-27 Harris Simon James Modelling for surgery
AU2001228255B2 (en) 2001-02-07 2005-05-19 Ao Technology Ag Method for establishing a three-dimensional representation of bone X-ray images
US6575986B2 (en) 2001-02-26 2003-06-10 Ethicon, Inc. Scaffold fixation device for use in articular cartilage repair
US6743232B2 (en) 2001-02-26 2004-06-01 David W. Overaker Tissue scaffold anchor for cartilage repair
ATE431110T1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2009-05-15 Smith & Nephew Inc SURGICAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR PARTIAL KNEE JOINT RECONSTRUCTION
US8062377B2 (en) 2001-03-05 2011-11-22 Hudson Surgical Design, Inc. Methods and apparatus for knee arthroplasty
US6632235B2 (en) 2001-04-19 2003-10-14 Synthes (U.S.A.) Inflatable device and method for reducing fractures in bone and in treating the spine
EP1252870A1 (en) * 2001-04-25 2002-10-30 Waldemar Link (GmbH &amp; Co.) Knee prosthesis with a bending hinge
US6719794B2 (en) 2001-05-03 2004-04-13 Synthes (U.S.A.) Intervertebral implant for transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure
US6444222B1 (en) 2001-05-08 2002-09-03 Verigen Transplantation Services International Ag Reinforced matrices
US20080140212A1 (en) 2001-05-15 2008-06-12 Robert Metzger Elongated femoral component
US6816607B2 (en) * 2001-05-16 2004-11-09 Siemens Corporate Research, Inc. System for modeling static and dynamic three dimensional anatomical structures by 3-D models
US20130211531A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-08-15 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US8439926B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-05-14 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
WO2002096284A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2002-12-05 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods to diagnose treat and prevent bone loss
US6632225B2 (en) 2001-06-20 2003-10-14 Zimmer, Inc. Method and apparatus for resecting a distal femur and a proximal tibia in preparation for implanting a partial knee prosthesis
US20050027307A1 (en) 2001-07-16 2005-02-03 Schwartz Herbert Eugene Unitary surgical device and method
DE10135771B4 (en) 2001-07-23 2006-02-16 Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg Facet joint implant
US7058209B2 (en) 2001-09-20 2006-06-06 Eastman Kodak Company Method and computer program product for locating facial features
EA007729B1 (en) 2001-11-02 2006-12-29 Интернэшнл Пэйтент Оунерз (Кайман) Лимитед Apparatus for hip joint surgery
US7438685B2 (en) 2001-11-05 2008-10-21 Computerized Medical Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for registration, guidance and targeting of external beam radiation therapy
FR2831794B1 (en) 2001-11-05 2004-02-13 Depuy France METHOD FOR SELECTING KNEE PROSTHESIS ELEMENTS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME
GB0127658D0 (en) 2001-11-19 2002-01-09 Acrobot Company The Ltd Apparatus for surgical instrument location
AU2002348204A1 (en) 2001-11-28 2003-06-10 Wright Medical Technology, Inc. Instrumentation for minimally invasive unicompartmental knee replacement
US20030100953A1 (en) 2001-11-28 2003-05-29 Rosa Richard A. Knee joint prostheses
US7141053B2 (en) 2001-11-28 2006-11-28 Wright Medical Technology, Inc. Methods of minimally invasive unicompartmental knee replacement
ES2337886T3 (en) 2001-12-04 2010-04-30 Active Implants Corporation IMPLANTS THAT CARRY A PAD FOR LOAD SUPPORT APPLICATIONS.
US7238203B2 (en) 2001-12-12 2007-07-03 Vita Special Purpose Corporation Bioactive spinal implants and method of manufacture thereof
US7572292B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2009-08-11 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Hinged joint system
CN2519658Y (en) 2001-12-29 2002-11-06 上海复升医疗器械有限公司 Apparatus for installing femur neck protector
US6873741B2 (en) 2002-01-10 2005-03-29 Sharp Laboratories Of America Nonlinear edge-enhancement filter
DE60304233T2 (en) 2002-01-11 2007-01-18 Zimmer Gmbh Implantable knee prosthesis with keels
GB0201149D0 (en) 2002-01-18 2002-03-06 Finsbury Dev Ltd Prosthesis
JP4324478B2 (en) 2002-01-22 2009-09-02 アドバンスト バイオ サーフェイシズ,インコーポレイティド Interposition arthroplasty system
US20020106625A1 (en) 2002-02-07 2002-08-08 Hung Clark T. Bioreactor for generating functional cartilaginous tissue
NO20020647A (en) 2002-02-08 2003-07-28 Scandinavian Customized Prosthesis Asa System and procedure for preparation and transfer of specifications for patient-adapted prostheses
US6689139B2 (en) 2002-02-15 2004-02-10 Paul C. Horn Long oblique ulna shortening osteotomy jig
WO2003070127A1 (en) 2002-02-20 2003-08-28 Nemcomed, Ltd. Knee arthroplasty prosthesis and method
JP2005518240A (en) 2002-02-26 2005-06-23 ネムコムド リミテッド Patellar resection guide
AU2003224997A1 (en) 2002-04-16 2003-11-03 Michael Conditt Computer-based training methods for surgical procedures
AU2003221664A1 (en) 2002-04-30 2003-11-17 Orthosoft Inc. Determining femoral cuts in knee surgery
US6946001B2 (en) 2003-02-03 2005-09-20 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Mobile bearing unicompartmental knee
US7048741B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2006-05-23 Swanson Todd V Method and apparatus for minimally invasive knee arthroplasty
US8801720B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2014-08-12 Otismed Corporation Total joint arthroplasty system
US7615081B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2009-11-10 Zimmer, Inc. Femoral components for knee arthroplasty
WO2003099106A2 (en) 2002-05-24 2003-12-04 Medicinelodge, Inc. Modular femoral components for knee arthroplasty
US6875218B2 (en) 2002-06-10 2005-04-05 Zimmer Austin, Inc. Elongated driving bit attachable to a driving instrument and method of use for minimally invasive hip surgery
US8211113B2 (en) 2002-06-21 2012-07-03 Depuy Products, Inc. Prosthesis cutting guide, cutting tool and method
AU2003245758A1 (en) 2002-06-21 2004-01-06 Cedara Software Corp. Computer assisted system and method for minimal invasive hip, uni knee and total knee replacement
US20040006393A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-08 Brian Burkinshaw Implantable prosthetic knee for lateral compartment
AU2003247952A1 (en) 2002-07-11 2004-02-02 Advanced Bio Surfaces, Inc. Method and kit for interpositional arthroplasty
DE10231538C1 (en) 2002-07-11 2003-10-09 Hjs Gelenk System Gmbh Artificial joint, used as endoprosthesis for human knee joint, comprises a first joint compartment and a second joint compartment having contact surfaces arranged at an angle so that their surface normals have a common intersection
US6770099B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2004-08-03 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Femoral prosthesis
US20040102852A1 (en) 2002-11-22 2004-05-27 Johnson Erin M. Modular knee prosthesis
US6749638B1 (en) 2002-11-22 2004-06-15 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Modular knee prosthesis
US6866683B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2005-03-15 Medicine Lodge, Inc. Modular implant for joint reconstruction and method of use
US6869447B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-03-22 Depuy Products, Inc. Prosthetic knee implant with modular augment
EP1437101A3 (en) 2002-12-31 2004-12-22 DePuy Spine, Inc. Prosthetic facet joint ligament
US7008430B2 (en) 2003-01-31 2006-03-07 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Adjustable reamer with tip tracker linkage
US7033397B2 (en) 2003-02-03 2006-04-25 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Mobile bearing unicondylar tibial knee prosthesis
US6916324B2 (en) 2003-02-04 2005-07-12 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Provisional orthopedic prosthesis for partially resected bone
US7309339B2 (en) 2003-02-04 2007-12-18 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Apparatus for aligning an instrument during a surgical procedure
US20040162561A1 (en) 2003-02-13 2004-08-19 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Modular patella instrument
WO2004073550A2 (en) 2003-02-20 2004-09-02 Murray Ian P Knee spacer
US6916341B2 (en) 2003-02-20 2005-07-12 Lindsey R. Rolston Device and method for bicompartmental arthroplasty
DE20303498U1 (en) 2003-02-26 2003-07-03 Aesculap Ag & Co Kg Surgical adjusting and holding device for tool guiding arrangement, in particular for performance of operation at femur or tibia
US7364590B2 (en) 2003-04-08 2008-04-29 Thomas Siebel Anatomical knee prosthesis
EP1470786B1 (en) 2003-04-25 2005-10-05 Zimmer GmbH Device for preparation of a femoral condyle
WO2004110309A2 (en) 2003-06-11 2004-12-23 Case Western Reserve University Computer-aided-design of skeletal implants
US7104997B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2006-09-12 Lionberger Jr David R Cutting guide apparatus and surgical method for use in knee arthroplasty
WO2005016175A2 (en) 2003-06-27 2005-02-24 Advanced Bio Surfaces, Inc. Meniscus preserving implant method and apparatus
US7803162B2 (en) * 2003-07-21 2010-09-28 Spine Solutions, Inc. Instruments and method for inserting an intervertebral implant
AU2003904379A0 (en) 2003-08-18 2003-08-28 David John Wood Two thirds prosthetic arthroplasty
US9254137B2 (en) 2003-08-29 2016-02-09 Lanterna Medical Technologies Ltd Facet implant
US7905924B2 (en) 2003-09-03 2011-03-15 Ralph Richard White Extracapsular surgical procedure
US7799085B2 (en) 2003-11-18 2010-09-21 Depuy Products, Inc. Modular implant system with fully porous coated sleeve
US7282054B2 (en) 2003-12-26 2007-10-16 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Adjustable cut block
US8175683B2 (en) 2003-12-30 2012-05-08 Depuy Products, Inc. System and method of designing and manufacturing customized instrumentation for accurate implantation of prosthesis by utilizing computed tomography data
US7867236B2 (en) 2003-12-30 2011-01-11 Zimmer, Inc. Instruments and methods for preparing a joint articulation surface for an implant
AU2005204920B2 (en) 2004-01-12 2011-03-31 Depuy Products, Inc. Systems and methods for compartmental replacement in a knee
US20050171545A1 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-08-04 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Knee computer-aided navigation instruments
US7442196B2 (en) 2004-02-06 2008-10-28 Synvasive Technology, Inc. Dynamic knee balancer
US7846183B2 (en) 2004-02-06 2010-12-07 Spinal Elements, Inc. Vertebral facet joint prosthesis and method of fixation
US20050192588A1 (en) 2004-02-27 2005-09-01 Garcia Daniel X. Instrumentation and method for prosthetic knee
US20080269596A1 (en) 2004-03-10 2008-10-30 Ian Revie Orthpaedic Monitoring Systems, Methods, Implants and Instruments
US8109942B2 (en) * 2004-04-21 2012-02-07 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Computer-aided methods, systems, and apparatuses for shoulder arthroplasty
US20070190108A1 (en) 2004-05-17 2007-08-16 Arindam Datta High performance reticulated elastomeric matrix preparation, properties, reinforcement, and use in surgical devices, tissue augmentation and/or tissue repair
US8167888B2 (en) 2004-08-06 2012-05-01 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Tibial spacer blocks and femoral cutting guide
US20060069318A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for assessment of the structure-function characteristics of structures in a human or animal body
DE102004063977A1 (en) 2004-10-19 2006-06-22 Mathys Ag Bettlach Ligament Tension Device, Cutting Guide and Osteotomy Technique
US20060085078A1 (en) 2004-10-20 2006-04-20 Steffensmeier Scott J Mobile bearing unicondylar knee prosthesis
US20060111722A1 (en) 2004-11-19 2006-05-25 Hacene Bouadi Surgical cutting tool
US20060111780A1 (en) 2004-11-22 2006-05-25 Orthopedic Development Corporation Minimally invasive facet joint hemi-arthroplasty
US7766913B2 (en) 2004-12-07 2010-08-03 Depuy Products, Inc. Bone shaping instrument and method for using the same
US7776090B2 (en) 2004-12-13 2010-08-17 Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. Inter-cervical facet implant and method
CA2590049A1 (en) 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. Inter-facet implant
US7458975B2 (en) 2004-12-21 2008-12-02 Johnson & Johnson Method of replacing an anterior cruciate ligament in the knee
CN101123928A (en) 2005-01-12 2008-02-13 R·I·W·理查森 Prosthetic knee
US20060200162A1 (en) 2005-02-21 2006-09-07 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Total knee arthroplasty instruments
GB0504172D0 (en) 2005-03-01 2005-04-06 King S College London Surgical planning
GB0510194D0 (en) 2005-05-19 2005-06-22 Mcminn Derek J W Knee prosthesis
US7695477B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2010-04-13 Zimmer, Inc. Milling system and methods for resecting a joint articulation surface
US7983777B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2011-07-19 Mark Melton System for biomedical implant creation and procurement
WO2007045000A2 (en) 2005-10-14 2007-04-19 Vantus Technology Corporation Personal fit medical implants and orthopedic surgical instruments and methods for making
US20070118055A1 (en) 2005-11-04 2007-05-24 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Systems and methods for facilitating surgical procedures involving custom medical implants
WO2007062080A2 (en) 2005-11-21 2007-05-31 Philipp Lang Intervetebral devices and methods
WO2007062103A1 (en) 2005-11-23 2007-05-31 Conformis, Inc. Implant grasper
US8211181B2 (en) 2005-12-14 2012-07-03 New York University Surface guided knee replacement
US8070821B2 (en) 2005-12-27 2011-12-06 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Hybrid femoral implant
CA2572095C (en) 2005-12-30 2009-12-08 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Laser-produced implants
US10034674B2 (en) 2006-02-02 2018-07-31 Steven C Chudik Universal anterior cruciate ligament repair and reconstruction system
AU2007212033B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2014-01-23 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8500740B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2013-08-06 Conformis, Inc. Patient-specific joint arthroplasty devices for ligament repair
US8623026B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2014-01-07 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools incorporating anatomical relief
WO2007097853A2 (en) 2006-02-15 2007-08-30 Otismed Corp Arthroplasty jigs and related methods
US20070233156A1 (en) 2006-02-16 2007-10-04 Robert Metzger Surgical instrument
US8858561B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2014-10-14 Blomet Manufacturing, LLC Patient-specific alignment guide
US8377066B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-02-19 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific elbow guides and associated methods
US8864769B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2014-10-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Alignment guides with patient-specific anchoring elements
US8092465B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2012-01-10 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US8133234B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2012-03-13 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific acetabular guide and method
US8298237B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2012-10-30 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific alignment guide for multiple incisions
US8608748B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-12-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific guides
US7967868B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2011-06-28 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-modified implant and associated method
US7704253B2 (en) 2006-03-06 2010-04-27 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Single use resection guide
US20080058945A1 (en) 2006-03-13 2008-03-06 Mako Surgical Corp. Prosthetic device and system and method for implanting prosthetic device
JP2009529954A (en) 2006-03-14 2009-08-27 マコ サージカル コーポレーション Prosthetic device and system and method for implanting a prosthetic device
EP2001411B1 (en) 2006-03-17 2013-05-01 Zimmer, Inc. Methods of predetermining the contour of a resected bone surface and assessing the fit of a prosthesis on the bone
AU2007226924A1 (en) 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Conformis, Inc. Interpositional joint implant
GB0605817D0 (en) 2006-03-23 2006-05-03 Imp Innovations Ltd Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligaments
US8246680B2 (en) 2006-05-25 2012-08-21 Spinemedica, Llc Patient-specific spinal implants and related systems and methods
US7842093B2 (en) * 2006-07-18 2010-11-30 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for a knee implant
EP1886640B1 (en) 2006-08-08 2009-11-18 BrainLAB AG Planning method and system for adjusting a free-shaped bone implant
TW200821888A (en) 2006-08-18 2008-05-16 Smith & Amp Nephew Inc Systems and methods for designing, analyzing and using orthopaedic devices
US20080097450A1 (en) 2006-09-14 2008-04-24 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Patella clamp
US7758651B2 (en) 2006-10-18 2010-07-20 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Mis patellar preparation
US20080177311A1 (en) 2006-10-30 2008-07-24 St. Francis Medical Technologies, Inc. Facet joint implant sizing tool
US8214016B2 (en) 2006-12-12 2012-07-03 Perception Raisonnement Action En Medecine System and method for determining an optimal type and position of an implant
US8460302B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2013-06-11 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty devices and related methods
US8313530B2 (en) 2007-02-12 2012-11-20 Jmea Corporation Total knee arthroplasty system
US7603192B2 (en) 2007-02-13 2009-10-13 Orthohelix Surgical Designs, Inc. Method of making orthopedic implants and the orthopedic implants
EP2124764B1 (en) 2007-03-14 2017-07-19 ConforMIS, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
GB2447702A (en) 2007-03-23 2008-09-24 Univ Leeds Surgical bone cutting template
WO2008157412A2 (en) 2007-06-13 2008-12-24 Conformis, Inc. Surgical cutting guide
FR2918554B1 (en) 2007-07-09 2010-06-18 Amplitude VIEWPER OR DRILLING GUIDE FOR LIGAMENTOPLASTY.
WO2009009660A1 (en) 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Daley M D Robert J Methods and apparatus for determining pin placement during hip surgery
US8357111B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-01-22 Depuy Products, Inc. Method and system for designing patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instruments
US8361076B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-01-29 Depuy Products, Inc. Patient-customizable device and system for performing an orthopaedic surgical procedure
US9138239B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2015-09-22 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific tibial cutting blocks
US7804354B2 (en) 2007-10-24 2010-09-28 Honeywell International Inc. Circuit architecture for radiation resilience
JP5523353B2 (en) 2008-03-04 2014-06-18 マコ サージカル コーポレーション Multi-compartment prosthetic device with movement of patella components
EP2265199A4 (en) 2008-03-05 2012-03-07 Conformis Inc Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
EP2259753B8 (en) 2008-03-05 2014-12-31 ConforMIS, Inc. Method of making an edge-matched articular implant
US7611653B1 (en) 2008-04-09 2009-11-03 Active Implants Corporation Manufacturing and material processing for prosthetic devices
US8377073B2 (en) 2008-04-21 2013-02-19 Ray Wasielewski Method of designing orthopedic implants using in vivo data
US8123753B2 (en) * 2008-04-28 2012-02-28 Depuy (Ireland) Ltd. Cutting guide assembly
EP2303193A4 (en) 2008-05-12 2012-03-21 Conformis Inc Devices and methods for treatment of facet and other joints
US8192498B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2012-06-05 Depuy Products, Inc. Posterior cructiate-retaining orthopaedic knee prosthesis having controlled condylar curvature
US8206451B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2012-06-26 Depuy Products, Inc. Posterior stabilized orthopaedic prosthesis
US8236061B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2012-08-07 Depuy Products, Inc. Orthopaedic knee prosthesis having controlled condylar curvature
GB0812631D0 (en) 2008-07-10 2008-08-20 Imp Innovations Ltd Modular knee implants
CN102405032B (en) 2009-02-25 2016-08-03 康复米斯公司 Orthopaedic implants, design and the related tool that patient adapts to and improves
US8475463B2 (en) 2009-04-13 2013-07-02 George J. Lian Systems and instrumentalities for use in total ankle replacement surgery
US8337503B2 (en) 2009-04-13 2012-12-25 George John Lian Custom radiographically designed cutting guides and instruments for use in total ankle replacement surgery
US9031637B2 (en) * 2009-04-27 2015-05-12 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Targeting an orthopaedic implant landmark
EP2434991B1 (en) 2009-05-29 2018-01-24 Smith&Nephew, Inc. Apparatus for performing knee arthroplasty
WO2010140036A1 (en) 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Stellenbosch University A method of designing a knee prosthesis
US8906105B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2014-12-09 Michael D. Ries Systems and methods for mobile bearing prosthetic knee
SG178836A1 (en) 2009-08-26 2012-04-27 Conformis Inc Patient-specific orthopedic implants and models
TWI397397B (en) 2009-10-21 2013-06-01 Univ Chang Gung Method of manufacturing guide device
WO2011049603A1 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-04-28 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. Biomarkers to identify hiv-specific t-cell subsets
CN102724934B (en) 2009-11-04 2016-01-20 康复米斯公司 The orthopedic implants of patient adaptability and improvement, design and related tool
WO2011106407A1 (en) 2010-02-25 2011-09-01 Depuy Products, Inc. Method of fabricating customized patient-specific bone cutting blocks
CN103037789A (en) 2010-06-11 2013-04-10 史密夫和内修有限公司 Patient-matched instruments
WO2012112698A2 (en) 2011-02-15 2012-08-23 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, procedures and tools to address, assess, correct, modify and/or accommodate anatomical variation and/or asymmetry
US8956364B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2015-02-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific partial knee guides and other instruments
AU2012271895B2 (en) 2011-06-13 2015-01-22 Materialise Nv Patient-specific partial knee guides and other instruments
US8641721B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2014-02-04 DePuy Synthes Products, LLC Customized patient-specific orthopaedic pin guides
EP2739251A4 (en) 2011-08-03 2015-07-29 Conformis Inc Automated design, selection, manufacturing and implantation of patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
SG11201400064YA (en) 2011-08-15 2014-09-26 Conformis Inc Revision systems, tools and methods for revising joint arthroplasty implants
US9295497B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2016-03-29 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific sacroiliac and pedicle guides
WO2013056036A1 (en) 2011-10-14 2013-04-18 Conformis, Inc. Methods and systems for identification, assessment, modeling, and repair of anatomical disparities in joint replacement
US20130184713A1 (en) 2011-12-23 2013-07-18 Conformis, Inc. Anatomical Alignment Systems and Methods
WO2013119865A1 (en) 2012-02-07 2013-08-15 Conformis Inc Joint arthroplasty devices, systems, and methods
US20140188240A1 (en) 2012-02-07 2014-07-03 Conformis, Inc. Methods and devices related to patient-adapted hip joint implants
US9486226B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2016-11-08 Conformis, Inc. Tibial guides, tools, and techniques for resecting the tibial plateau
US20130289570A1 (en) 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Conformis, Inc. Tibial Template and Punch System, Tools and Methods for Preparing the Tibia
US20130297031A1 (en) 2012-05-02 2013-11-07 Conformis, Inc. Patient specific instruments and related methods for joint replacement
EP2854663B1 (en) 2012-05-24 2022-05-25 Zimmer Inc. Patient-specific instrumentation for articular joint repair
US9675471B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2017-06-13 Conformis, Inc. Devices, techniques and methods for assessing joint spacing, balancing soft tissues and obtaining desired kinematics for joint implant components
EP2872053A4 (en) 2012-07-15 2016-03-09 Smith & Nephew Inc Patient matched instrument

Patent Citations (100)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4309778A (en) * 1979-07-02 1982-01-12 Biomedical Engineering Corp. New Jersey meniscal bearing knee replacement
US4436684A (en) * 1982-06-03 1984-03-13 Contour Med Partners, Ltd. Method of forming implantable prostheses for reconstructive surgery
US4436684B1 (en) * 1982-06-03 1988-05-31
US4655227A (en) * 1985-06-06 1987-04-07 Diagnospine Research Inc. Equipment for the detection of mechanical injuries in the lumbar spine of a patient, using a mathematical model
US4813436A (en) * 1987-07-30 1989-03-21 Human Performance Technologies, Inc. Motion analysis system employing various operating modes
US5303148A (en) * 1987-11-27 1994-04-12 Picker International, Inc. Voice actuated volume image controller and display controller
US5510121A (en) * 1988-11-21 1996-04-23 Rhee; Woonza M. Glycosaminoglycan-synthetic polymer conjugates
US5099859A (en) * 1988-12-06 1992-03-31 Bell Gene D Method and apparatus for comparative analysis of videofluoroscopic joint motion
US6197325B1 (en) * 1990-11-27 2001-03-06 The American National Red Cross Supplemented and unsupplemented tissue sealants, methods of their production and use
US5282868A (en) * 1991-06-17 1994-02-01 Andre Bahler Prosthetic arrangement for a complex joint, especially knee joint
US5503162A (en) * 1992-04-21 1996-04-02 Board Of Regents, University Of Texas System Arthroscopic cartilage evaluator and method for using the same
US5501687A (en) * 1992-11-20 1996-03-26 Sulzer Medizinaltechnik Ag Body for distributing bone cement for the anchoring of implants
US5489309A (en) * 1993-01-06 1996-02-06 Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. Modular humeral component system
US5728162A (en) * 1993-01-28 1998-03-17 Board Of Regents Of University Of Colorado Asymmetric condylar and trochlear femoral knee component
US5405395A (en) * 1993-05-03 1995-04-11 Wright Medical Technology, Inc. Modular femoral implant
US5885298A (en) * 1994-02-23 1999-03-23 Biomet, Inc. Patellar clamp and reamer with adjustable stop
US5616146A (en) * 1994-05-16 1997-04-01 Murray; William M. Method and apparatus for machining bone to fit an orthopedic surgical implant
US5486496A (en) * 1994-06-10 1996-01-23 Alumina Ceramics Co. (Aci) Graphite-loaded silicon carbide
US6197064B1 (en) * 1994-09-02 2001-03-06 Hudson Surgical Design, Inc. Prosthetic implant
US5735277A (en) * 1994-09-27 1998-04-07 Schuster; Luis Method of producing an endoprosthesis as a joint substitute for knee-joints
US5611802A (en) * 1995-02-14 1997-03-18 Samuelson; Kent M. Method and apparatus for resecting bone
US5885296A (en) * 1995-11-02 1999-03-23 Medidea, Llc Bone cutting guides with removable housings for use in the implantation of prosthetic joint components
US5897559A (en) * 1995-11-02 1999-04-27 Medidea, Llc Bone cutting guides for use in the implantation of prosthetic joint components
US6187010B1 (en) * 1995-11-02 2001-02-13 Medidea, Llc Bone cutting guides for use in the implantation of prosthetic joint components
US5871018A (en) * 1995-12-26 1999-02-16 Delp; Scott L. Computer-assisted surgical method
US6352558B1 (en) * 1996-02-22 2002-03-05 Ed. Geistlich Soehne Ag Fuer Chemische Industrie Method for promoting regeneration of surface cartilage in a damage joint
US6344059B1 (en) * 1996-02-26 2002-02-05 Gabor Krakovits Knee surface replacement prosthesis
US6013103A (en) * 1996-07-11 2000-01-11 Wright Medical Technology, Inc. Medial pivot knee prosthesis
US5871540A (en) * 1996-07-30 1999-02-16 Osteonics Corp. Patellar implant component and method
US6175655B1 (en) * 1996-09-19 2001-01-16 Integrated Medical Systems, Inc. Medical imaging system for displaying, manipulating and analyzing three-dimensional images
US6358253B1 (en) * 1997-02-11 2002-03-19 Smith & Newhew Inc Repairing cartilage
US5880976A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-03-09 Carnegie Mellon University Apparatus and method for facilitating the implantation of artificial components in joints
US6205411B1 (en) * 1997-02-21 2001-03-20 Carnegie Mellon University Computer-assisted surgery planner and intra-operative guidance system
US6514514B1 (en) * 1997-08-14 2003-02-04 Sùlzer Biologics Inc. Device and method for regeneration and repair of cartilage lesions
US6219571B1 (en) * 1998-04-06 2001-04-17 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Magnetic resonance imaging using driven equilibrium fourier transform
US6533737B1 (en) * 1998-05-28 2003-03-18 Orthosoft, Inc. Interactive computer-assisted surgical system and method thereof
US20020045940A1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2002-04-18 Bruno Giannetti Methods, instruments and materials for chondrocyte cell transplantation
US20090076371A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2009-03-19 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Joint and Cartilage Diagnosis, Assessment and Modeling
US20130071828A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2013-03-21 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the Condition of a Joint and Devising Treatment
US20130006598A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2013-01-03 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the Condition of a Joint and Preventing Damage
USRE43282E1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2012-03-27 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US8112142B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2012-02-07 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US7881768B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2011-02-01 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US8369926B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2013-02-05 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US7184814B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2007-02-27 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and assessing cartilage loss
US20050033424A1 (en) * 1999-05-10 2005-02-10 Fell Barry M. Surgically implantable knee prosthesis
US6178225B1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2001-01-23 Edge Medical Devices Ltd. System and method for management of X-ray imaging facilities
US6702821B2 (en) * 2000-01-14 2004-03-09 The Bonutti 2003 Trust A Instrumentation for minimally invasive joint replacement and methods for using same
US6712856B1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2004-03-30 Kinamed, Inc. Custom replacement device for resurfacing a femur and method of making the same
US20020022884A1 (en) * 2000-03-27 2002-02-21 Mansmann Kevin A. Meniscus-type implant with hydrogel surface reinforced by three-dimensional mesh
US6984981B2 (en) * 2000-03-31 2006-01-10 Virtualscopics, Llc Magnetic resonance method and system forming an isotropic, high resolution, three-dimensional diagnostic image of a subject from two-dimensional image data scans
US6998841B1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2006-02-14 Virtualscopics, Llc Method and system which forms an isotropic, high-resolution, three-dimensional diagnostic image of a subject from two-dimensional image data scans
US6690816B2 (en) * 2000-04-07 2004-02-10 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Systems and methods for tubular object processing
US6375658B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-04-23 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Cartilage grafting
US6679917B2 (en) * 2000-05-01 2004-01-20 Arthrosurface, Incorporated System and method for joint resurface repair
US6520964B2 (en) * 2000-05-01 2003-02-18 Std Manufacturing, Inc. System and method for joint resurface repair
US20020013626A1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-31 Peter Geistlich Bone material and collagen combination for repair of injured joints
US6556855B2 (en) * 2000-07-25 2003-04-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the implementation of a perfusion measurement with magnetic resonance imaging
US7914582B2 (en) * 2000-08-28 2011-03-29 Vertebral Technologies, Inc. Method and system for mammalian joint resurfacing
US20080025463A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2008-01-31 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and Devices for Quantitative Analysis of X-Ray Images
US20030031292A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2003-02-13 Philipp Lang Methods and devices for quantitative analysis of x-ray images
US20050078802A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2005-04-14 Philipp Lang Calibration devices and methods of use thereof
US20030063704A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2003-04-03 Philipp Lang Methods and devices for quantitative analysis of x-ray images
US6692448B2 (en) * 2000-09-18 2004-02-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Artificial bone template selection system, artificial bone template display system, artificial bone template storage system and artificial bone template recording medium
US20070047794A1 (en) * 2000-10-11 2007-03-01 Philipp Lang Methods and devices for analysis of x-ray images
US20040081287A1 (en) * 2000-10-11 2004-04-29 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and devices for analysis of x-ray images
US20040062358A1 (en) * 2000-10-11 2004-04-01 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and devices for analysis of X-ray images
US20030069591A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2003-04-10 Carson Christopher Patrick Computer assisted knee arthroplasty instrumentation, systems, and processes
US20030045935A1 (en) * 2001-02-28 2003-03-06 Angelucci Christopher M. Laminoplasty implants and methods of use
US8657827B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2014-02-25 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US20130081247A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-04-04 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US20130079876A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-03-28 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8343218B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-01-01 Conformis, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US20070083266A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-04-12 Vertegen, Inc. Devices and methods for treating facet joints, uncovertebral joints, costovertebral joints and other joints
US8690945B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2014-04-08 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US20110029093A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2011-02-03 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20130079781A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-03-28 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US20140109384A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2014-04-24 Conformis, Inc. Implant device and method for manufacture
US8377129B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-02-19 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8366771B2 (en) * 2001-05-25 2013-02-05 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US20110087332A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2011-04-14 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US7520901B2 (en) * 2001-06-14 2009-04-21 Alexandria Research Technologies, Inc. Bicompartmental implants and method of use
US7174282B2 (en) * 2001-06-22 2007-02-06 Scott J Hollister Design methodology for tissue engineering scaffolds and biomaterial implants
US7204807B2 (en) * 2001-07-24 2007-04-17 Sunlight Medical Ltd. Joint analysis using ultrasound
US20030035773A1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2003-02-20 Virtualscopics Llc System and method for quantitative assessment of joint diseases and the change over time of joint diseases
US7020314B1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2006-03-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Black blood angiography method and apparatus
US20050015153A1 (en) * 2002-05-24 2005-01-20 Medicine Lodge, Inc. Implants and related methods and apparatus for securing an implant on an articulating surface of an orthopedic joint
US8709089B2 (en) * 2002-10-07 2014-04-29 Conformis, Inc. Minimally invasive joint implant with 3-dimensional geometry matching the articular surfaces
US20110066245A1 (en) * 2002-10-07 2011-03-17 Conformis, Inc. Minimally Invasive Joint Implant with 3-Dimensional Geometry Matching the Articular Surfaces
US20120093377A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2012-04-19 Conformis, Inc. Methods for determining meniscal size and shape and for devising treatment
US8094900B2 (en) * 2002-12-04 2012-01-10 Conformis, Inc. Fusion of multiple imaging planes for isotropic imaging in MRI and quantitative image analysis using isotropic or near-isotropic imaging
US7326252B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2008-02-05 Smith & Nephew, Inc. High performance knee prostheses
US20050010106A1 (en) * 2003-03-25 2005-01-13 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods for the compensation of imaging technique in the processing of radiographic images
US20080031412A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2008-02-07 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Method for Bone Structure Prognosis and Simulated Bone Remodeling
US20080058613A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2008-03-06 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Method and System for Providing Fracture/No Fracture Classification
US20090076508A1 (en) * 2005-11-07 2009-03-19 Ft Innovations (Fti) B.V. Implantable prosthesis
US8682052B2 (en) * 2008-03-05 2014-03-25 Conformis, Inc. Implants for altering wear patterns of articular surfaces
US20110071645A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-03-24 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20110071802A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-03-24 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20140086780A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Conformis, Inc. Methods and systems for optimizing design and manufacture of implant components using solid freeform fabrication

Cited By (523)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9020788B2 (en) 1997-01-08 2015-04-28 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US8036729B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2011-10-11 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US8112142B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2012-02-07 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US20040167390A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2004-08-26 Alexander Eugene J. Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US8265730B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2012-09-11 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and preventing damage
US20020087274A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2002-07-04 Alexander Eugene J. Assessing the condition of a joint and preventing damage
USRE43282E1 (en) 1998-09-14 2012-03-27 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US8306601B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2012-11-06 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US20070203430A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2007-08-30 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the Condition of a Joint and Assessing Cartilage Loss
US9286686B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2016-03-15 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and assessing cartilage loss
US20080015433A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2008-01-17 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the Condition of a Joint and Devising Treatment
US20070015995A1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2007-01-18 Philipp Lang Joint and cartilage diagnosis, assessment and modeling
US8369926B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2013-02-05 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US7881768B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2011-02-01 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and devising treatment
US8862202B2 (en) 1998-09-14 2014-10-14 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Assessing the condition of a joint and preventing damage
US20110071529A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2011-03-24 Carson Christopher P Systems using imaging data to facilitate surgical procedures
US20110071532A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2011-03-24 Carson Christopher P Systems Using Imaging Data to Facilitate Surgical Procedures
US20110071581A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2011-03-24 Conformis, Inc. Surgical Tools for Arthroplasty
US9913723B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2018-03-13 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US20070233269A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-10-04 Conformis, Inc. Interpositional Joint Implant
US20070250169A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-10-25 Philipp Lang Joint arthroplasty devices formed in situ
US20070198022A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-08-23 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US9072531B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-07-07 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US20080195216A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2008-08-14 Conformis, Inc. Implant Device and Method for Manufacture
US20080281328A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2008-11-13 Conformis, Inc. Surgical Tools for Arthroplasty
US8556983B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-15 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved orthopedic implants, designs and related tools
US20080281329A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2008-11-13 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US8551103B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-08 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9084617B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-07-21 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8551102B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-08 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9107679B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-08-18 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8551099B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-08 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US9055953B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-06-16 Conformis, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US9023050B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-05-05 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US9107680B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-08-18 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8551169B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-08 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8545569B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-01 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US9358018B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-06-07 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8556907B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-15 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8998915B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-04-07 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8974539B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-03-10 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US9125672B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-09-08 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9387079B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-07-12 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US9125673B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-09-08 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8951259B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-02-10 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US20090276045A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2009-11-05 Conformis, Inc. Devices and Methods for Treatment of Facet and Other Joints
US20090306676A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2009-12-10 Conformis, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US8951260B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-02-10 Conformis, Inc. Surgical cutting guide
US8945230B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-02-03 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
US9439767B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-09-13 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US7717956B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2010-05-18 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices formed in situ
US8529630B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-09-10 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8926706B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-01-06 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20100160917A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-06-24 Conformis, Inc. Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US20100168754A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-07-01 Conformis, Inc. Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US8561278B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-22 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8562618B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-22 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8562611B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-22 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8906107B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-12-09 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved orthopedic implants, designs and related tools
US8882847B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-11-11 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
US20070100462A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-05-03 Conformis, Inc Joint Arthroplasty Devices
US8568479B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-29 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US20100274534A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-10-28 Conformis, Inc. Automated Systems for Manufacturing Patient-Specific Orthopedic Implants and Instrumentation
US20100281678A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-11-11 Conformis, Inc. Surgical Tools Facilitating Increased Accuracy, Speed and Simplicity in Performing Joint Arthroplasty
US9186254B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-11-17 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US8480754B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-07-09 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US9495483B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-11-15 Conformis, Inc. Automated Systems for manufacturing patient-specific orthopedic implants and instrumentation
US8568480B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-29 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US20100305573A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-12-02 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US20100305574A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-12-02 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US20100305708A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-12-02 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Knee Joint Arthroplasty Devices
US20100329530A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2010-12-30 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Knee Joint Arthroplasty Devices
US8585708B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-11-19 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9066728B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-06-30 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US8460304B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-06-11 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9216025B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-12-22 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9186161B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2015-11-17 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US8439926B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-05-14 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8617242B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-12-31 Conformis, Inc. Implant device and method for manufacture
US8617172B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-12-31 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US20070083266A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2007-04-12 Vertegen, Inc. Devices and methods for treating facet joints, uncovertebral joints, costovertebral joints and other joints
US8556906B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-10-15 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9333085B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-05-10 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US9579110B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-02-28 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8377129B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-02-19 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9877790B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2018-01-30 Conformis, Inc. Tibial implant and systems with variable slope
US20030216669A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2003-11-20 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US7981158B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-07-19 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8366771B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-02-05 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US20080281426A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2008-11-13 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US9603711B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-03-28 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US20090222014A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2009-09-03 Conformis, Inc. Patient Selectable Joint Arthroplasty Devices and Surgical Tools
US8641716B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-02-04 Conformis, Inc. Joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8343218B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2013-01-01 Conformis, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US9700971B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-07-11 Conformis, Inc. Implant device and method for manufacture
US8062302B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-22 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US8066708B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-11-29 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8768028B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-07-01 Conformis, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US8337507B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-25 Conformis, Inc. Methods and compositions for articular repair
US8083745B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2011-12-27 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US8337501B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-12-25 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8105330B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-01-31 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US20050267584A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2005-12-01 Burdulis Albert G Jr Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
US8122582B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-02-28 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US8657827B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-02-25 Conformis, Inc. Surgical tools for arthroplasty
US9308091B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-04-12 Conformis, Inc. Devices and methods for treatment of facet and other joints
US20050234461A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2005-10-20 Burdulis Albert G Jr Surgical tools facilitating increased accuracy, speed and simplicity in performing joint arthroplasty
US20040204760A1 (en) * 2001-05-25 2004-10-14 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US9775680B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2017-10-03 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US9295482B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2016-03-29 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8690945B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2014-04-08 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US8234097B2 (en) 2001-05-25 2012-07-31 Conformis, Inc. Automated systems for manufacturing patient-specific orthopedic implants and instrumentation
US20040193048A1 (en) * 2001-07-24 2004-09-30 Liat Tsoref Joint analysis using ultrasound
US7204807B2 (en) * 2001-07-24 2007-04-17 Sunlight Medical Ltd. Joint analysis using ultrasound
US7678049B2 (en) 2001-07-24 2010-03-16 Beam-Med Ltd. Bone age assessment using ultrasound
US20090131941A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2009-05-21 Ilwhan Park Total joint arthroplasty system
US8801720B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2014-08-12 Otismed Corporation Total joint arthroplasty system
US8801719B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2014-08-12 Otismed Corporation Total joint arthroplasty system
US20040138754A1 (en) * 2002-10-07 2004-07-15 Imaging Therapeutics, Inc. Minimally invasive joint implant with 3-Dimensional geometry matching the articular surfaces
US9872773B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2018-01-23 Conformis, Inc. Standard or customized tibial implant with multiple convexities and concavities, and variable slope
US7799077B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2010-09-21 Conformis, Inc. Minimally invasive joint implant with 3-dimensional geometry matching the articular surfaces
US20110066245A1 (en) * 2002-10-07 2011-03-17 Conformis, Inc. Minimally Invasive Joint Implant with 3-Dimensional Geometry Matching the Articular Surfaces
US8709089B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2014-04-29 Conformis, Inc. Minimally invasive joint implant with 3-dimensional geometry matching the articular surfaces
US8965088B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2015-02-24 Conformis, Inc. Methods for determining meniscal size and shape and for devising treatment
US8932363B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2015-01-13 Conformis, Inc. Methods for determining meniscal size and shape and for devising treatment
US7796791B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2010-09-14 Conformis, Inc. Methods for determining meniscal size and shape and for devising treatment
US8077950B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2011-12-13 Conformis, Inc. Methods for determining meniscal size and shape and for devising treatment
US20100303317A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2010-12-02 Conformis, Inc. Methods for Determining Meniscal Size and Shape and for Devising Treatment
US8634617B2 (en) 2002-11-07 2014-01-21 Conformis, Inc. Methods for determining meniscal size and shape and for devising treatment
USRE43258E1 (en) 2003-04-29 2012-03-20 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Glue for cartilage repair
USRE42208E1 (en) 2003-04-29 2011-03-08 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Glue for cartilage repair
US20090069901A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2009-03-12 Katherine Gomes Truncale Cartilage allograft plug
US7901457B2 (en) 2003-05-16 2011-03-08 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Cartilage allograft plug
US8221500B2 (en) 2003-05-16 2012-07-17 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Cartilage allograft plug
US8491597B2 (en) 2003-10-03 2013-07-23 Smith & Nephew, Inc. (partial interest) Surgical positioners
US7862570B2 (en) 2003-10-03 2011-01-04 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Surgical positioners
US20110144760A1 (en) * 2004-01-05 2011-06-16 Conformis, Inc. Patient-Specific and Patient-Engineered Orthopedic Implants
US10085839B2 (en) 2004-01-05 2018-10-02 Conformis, Inc. Patient-specific and patient-engineered orthopedic implants
US8292968B2 (en) 2004-10-12 2012-10-23 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Cancellous constructs, cartilage particles and combinations of cancellous constructs and cartilage particles
US9750611B2 (en) 2005-02-22 2017-09-05 Barry M. Fell Method and system for knee joint repair
US20060190078A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-24 Fell Barry M Method and system for joint repair
US8828080B2 (en) 2005-02-22 2014-09-09 Barry M. Fell Method and system for knee joint repair
EP1704826A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-27 Aesculap AG & Co. KG Surgical system for preparing an implant
US20060257379A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-11-16 Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg Surgical system for the preparation of an implant and method for the preparation of an implant
US10806590B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2020-10-20 P Tech, Llc Methods and systems for providing gender specific pharmaceuticals
US9750612B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2017-09-05 P Tech, Llc Methods and systems for providing gender specific pharmaceuticals
US7815926B2 (en) 2005-07-11 2010-10-19 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Implant for articular cartilage repair
US20070203605A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-08-30 Mark Melton System for biomedical implant creation and procurement
US20100332197A1 (en) * 2005-08-19 2010-12-30 Mark Melton System for biomedical implant creation and procurement
US7983777B2 (en) 2005-08-19 2011-07-19 Mark Melton System for biomedical implant creation and procurement
US9701940B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2017-07-11 Histogenics Corporation Cell-support matrix having narrowly defined uniformly vertically and non-randomly organized porosity and pore density and a method for preparation thereof
US20080304725A1 (en) * 2005-12-05 2008-12-11 Aesculap Ag Method and device for preparing an implant from an implant material
WO2007065803A1 (en) * 2005-12-05 2007-06-14 Aesculap Ag & Co. Kg Method and device for preparing an implant from an implant material
US8005282B2 (en) * 2005-12-05 2011-08-23 Aesculap Ag Method and device for preparing an implant from an implant material
US9308053B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2016-04-12 Conformis, Inc. Patient-specific joint arthroplasty devices for ligament repair
US9220517B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2015-12-29 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US9220516B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2015-12-29 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools
US8500740B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2013-08-06 Conformis, Inc. Patient-specific joint arthroplasty devices for ligament repair
US8623026B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2014-01-07 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools incorporating anatomical relief
US20100298894A1 (en) * 2006-02-06 2010-11-25 Conformis, Inc. Patient-Specific Joint Arthroplasty Devices for Ligament Repair
US9326780B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2016-05-03 Conformis, Inc. Patient selectable joint arthroplasty devices and surgical tools incorporating anatomical relief
US9017336B2 (en) 2006-02-15 2015-04-28 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty devices and related methods
US9808262B2 (en) 2006-02-15 2017-11-07 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation Arthroplasty devices and related methods
US8608749B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-12-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments
US9662127B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2017-05-30 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments
US8535387B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-09-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific tools and implants
US20080161815A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2008-07-03 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient Specific Knee Alignment Guide And Associated Method
US11534313B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2022-12-27 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific pre-operative planning
US9480490B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-11-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific guides
US8568487B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-10-29 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific hip joint devices
US9480580B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-11-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular alignment guides
US20090163922A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2009-06-25 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient Specific Acetabular Guide And Method
US9522010B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-12-20 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific orthopedic instruments
US8591516B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-11-26 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific orthopedic instruments
US9345548B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-05-24 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific pre-operative planning
US8603180B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-12-10 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular alignment guides
US9113971B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2015-08-25 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Femoral acetabular impingement guide
US8608748B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-12-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific guides
US10743937B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2020-08-18 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Backup surgical instrument system and method
US9339278B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-05-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments
US9005297B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2015-04-14 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific elbow guides and associated methods
US10603179B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2020-03-31 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific augments
US9539013B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2017-01-10 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific elbow guides and associated methods
US8377066B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2013-02-19 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific elbow guides and associated methods
US8828087B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2014-09-09 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific high tibia osteotomy
US9662216B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2017-05-30 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific hip joint devices
US9700329B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2017-07-11 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific orthopedic instruments
US10507029B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2019-12-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guides and associated instruments
US8282646B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2012-10-09 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US10426492B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2019-10-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific alignment guide with cutting surface and laser indicator
US8241293B2 (en) * 2006-02-27 2012-08-14 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific high tibia osteotomy
US20120109138A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2012-05-03 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific acetabular guide and method
US9289253B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2016-03-22 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific shoulder guide
US10390845B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2019-08-27 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific shoulder guide
US8133234B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2012-03-13 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific acetabular guide and method
US10278711B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2019-05-07 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoral guide
US10206695B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2019-02-19 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Femoral acetabular impingement guide
US8070752B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2011-12-06 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific alignment guide and inter-operative adjustment
US20100152782A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2010-06-17 Biomet Manufactring Corp. Patient Specific High Tibia Osteotomy
US8900244B2 (en) * 2006-02-27 2014-12-02 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guide and method
US9173661B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2015-11-03 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific alignment guide with cutting surface and laser indicator
US8864769B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2014-10-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Alignment guides with patient-specific anchoring elements
US9913734B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2018-03-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular alignment guides
US9918740B2 (en) 2006-02-27 2018-03-20 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Backup surgical instrument system and method
US10206697B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2019-02-19 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US8298237B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2012-10-30 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific alignment guide for multiple incisions
US8858561B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2014-10-14 Blomet Manufacturing, LLC Patient-specific alignment guide
US9993344B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2018-06-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-modified implant
US11576689B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2023-02-14 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US10893879B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2021-01-19 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US8092465B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2012-01-10 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US9861387B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2018-01-09 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US8398646B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2013-03-19 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US9795399B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2017-10-24 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific knee alignment guide and associated method
US8979936B2 (en) 2006-06-09 2015-03-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-modified implant
US8460302B2 (en) 2006-12-18 2013-06-11 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty devices and related methods
US7837740B2 (en) 2007-01-24 2010-11-23 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Two piece cancellous construct for cartilage repair
US8906110B2 (en) 2007-01-24 2014-12-09 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Two piece cancellous construct for cartilage repair
US8735773B2 (en) 2007-02-14 2014-05-27 Conformis, Inc. Implant device and method for manufacture
US8435551B2 (en) 2007-03-06 2013-05-07 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Cancellous construct with support ring for repair of osteochondral defects
US8407067B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2013-03-26 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant
US20090254367A1 (en) * 2007-04-17 2009-10-08 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and Apparatus for Manufacturing an Implant
US9907659B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2018-03-06 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant
US11554019B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2023-01-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant
US8486150B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2013-07-16 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-modified implant
US8473305B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2013-06-25 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant
US7967868B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2011-06-28 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-modified implant and associated method
US8934961B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2015-01-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Trackable diagnostic scope apparatus and methods of use
US8882780B2 (en) 2007-07-11 2014-11-11 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Methods and apparatus for determining pin placement during hip surgery
US8998916B2 (en) 2007-07-11 2015-04-07 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Methods for determining pin placement during hip surgery
US20110208201A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2011-08-25 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Methods for determining pin placement during hip surgery
US20090018546A1 (en) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Daley Robert J Methods and apparatus for determining pin placement during hip surgery
US9439657B2 (en) 2007-07-11 2016-09-13 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Methods and apparatus for determining pin placement during hip surgery
US9345551B2 (en) 2007-08-17 2016-05-24 Zimmer Inc. Implant design analysis suite
US10172675B2 (en) 2007-08-17 2019-01-08 Zimmer Inc. Implant design analysis suite
US20100256504A1 (en) * 2007-09-25 2010-10-07 Perception Raisonnement Action En Medecine Methods and apparatus for assisting cartilage diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
US10028722B2 (en) * 2007-09-25 2018-07-24 Hospital For Special Surgery Methods and apparatus for assisting cartilage diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
US8265949B2 (en) 2007-09-27 2012-09-11 Depuy Products, Inc. Customized patient surgical plan
EP2957242A1 (en) * 2007-09-30 2015-12-23 DePuy Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrumentation
US10028750B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2018-07-24 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Apparatus and method for fabricating a customized patient-specific orthopaedic instrument
US8361076B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-01-29 Depuy Products, Inc. Patient-customizable device and system for performing an orthopaedic surgical procedure
US8357166B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-01-22 Depuy Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific instrumentation and method for performing a bone re-cut
EP2957244A1 (en) * 2007-09-30 2015-12-23 DePuy Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrumentation
US10828046B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2020-11-10 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Apparatus and method for fabricating a customized patient-specific orthopaedic instrument
US8398645B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-03-19 DePuy Synthes Products, LLC Femoral tibial customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrumentation
US11696768B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2023-07-11 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Apparatus and method for fabricating a customized patient-specific orthopaedic instrument
US8343159B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-01-01 Depuy Products, Inc. Orthopaedic bone saw and method of use thereof
EP2957241A1 (en) * 2007-09-30 2015-12-23 DePuy Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrumentation
US8357111B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-01-22 Depuy Products, Inc. Method and system for designing patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instruments
US8377068B2 (en) 2007-09-30 2013-02-19 DePuy Synthes Products, LLC. Customized patient-specific instrumentation for use in orthopaedic surgical procedures
US20090110498A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Ilwhan Park Arthroplasty systems and devices, and related methods
US8460303B2 (en) 2007-10-25 2013-06-11 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty systems and devices, and related methods
USD642263S1 (en) 2007-10-25 2011-07-26 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty jig blank
USD691719S1 (en) 2007-10-25 2013-10-15 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty jig blank
US20090138020A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-05-28 Otismed Corporation Generating mri images usable for the creation of 3d bone models employed to make customized arthroplasty jigs
US10582934B2 (en) 2007-11-27 2020-03-10 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation Generating MRI images usable for the creation of 3D bone models employed to make customized arthroplasty jigs
US20090149893A1 (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-11 Semler Eric J Cancellous Bone Implant for Cartilage Repair
US20100256479A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-10-07 Otismed Corporation Preoperatively planning an arthroplasty procedure and generating a corresponding patient specific arthroplasty resection guide
US8737700B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2014-05-27 Otismed Corporation Preoperatively planning an arthroplasty procedure and generating a corresponding patient specific arthroplasty resection guide
US20100042105A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2010-02-18 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty system and related methods
US8545509B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2013-10-01 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty system and related methods
US9649170B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2017-05-16 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation Arthroplasty system and related methods
US20090157083A1 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-18 Ilwhan Park System and method for manufacturing arthroplasty jigs
US8617171B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2013-12-31 Otismed Corporation Preoperatively planning an arthroplasty procedure and generating a corresponding patient specific arthroplasty resection guide
US8221430B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2012-07-17 Otismed Corporation System and method for manufacturing arthroplasty jigs
US8715291B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2014-05-06 Otismed Corporation Arthroplasty system and related methods
US8968320B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2015-03-03 Otismed Corporation System and method for manufacturing arthroplasty jigs
US8734455B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2014-05-27 Otismed Corporation Hip resurfacing surgical guide tool
US20090222015A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Otismed Corporation Hip resurfacing surgical guide tool
US20090222016A1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2009-09-03 Otismed Corporation Total hip replacement surgical guide tool
US9408618B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2016-08-09 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation Total hip replacement surgical guide tool
US20090226068A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 Conformis, Inc. Implants for Altering Wear Patterns of Articular Surfaces
WO2009111626A3 (en) * 2008-03-05 2010-01-14 Conformis, Inc. Implants for altering wear patterns of articular surfaces
WO2009111626A2 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-11 Conformis, Inc. Implants for altering wear patterns of articular surfaces
EP2901969A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2015-08-05 ConforMIS, Inc. Method of making an edge-matched aticular implant
US8682052B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2014-03-25 Conformis, Inc. Implants for altering wear patterns of articular surfaces
US9700420B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2017-07-11 Conformis, Inc. Implants for altering wear patterns of articular surfaces
US9180015B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2015-11-10 Conformis, Inc. Implants for altering wear patterns of articular surfaces
US20090228113A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2009-09-10 Comformis, Inc. Edge-Matched Articular Implant
US11453041B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2022-09-27 Nuvasive, Inc Systems, devices, and methods for designing and forming a surgical implant
US10500630B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2019-12-10 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for designing and forming a surgical implant
US9636181B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2017-05-02 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems, devices, and methods for designing and forming a surgical implant
US10159498B2 (en) 2008-04-16 2018-12-25 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant
US8480679B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2013-07-09 Otismed Corporation Generation of a computerized bone model representative of a pre-degenerated state and useable in the design and manufacture of arthroplasty devices
US9646113B2 (en) 2008-04-29 2017-05-09 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation Generation of a computerized bone model representative of a pre-degenerated state and useable in the design and manufacture of arthroplasty devices
US20090270868A1 (en) * 2008-04-29 2009-10-29 Otismed Corporation Generation of a computerized bone model representative of a pre-degenerated state and useable in the design and manufacture of arthroplasty devices
US8483469B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2013-07-09 Otismed Corporation System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty
US9208263B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2015-12-08 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty
US8160345B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2012-04-17 Otismed Corporation System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty
US20090274350A1 (en) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-05 Otismed Corporation System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty
US8311306B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2012-11-13 Otismed Corporation System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty
US8532361B2 (en) 2008-04-30 2013-09-10 Otismed Corporation System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty
US8777875B2 (en) 2008-07-23 2014-07-15 Otismed Corporation System and method for manufacturing arthroplasty jigs having improved mating accuracy
US10600515B2 (en) 2008-09-19 2020-03-24 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Operatively tuning implants for increased performance
US11488721B2 (en) 2008-09-19 2022-11-01 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Operatively tuning implants for increased performance
US8521492B2 (en) 2008-09-19 2013-08-27 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Tuning implants for increased performance
US8617175B2 (en) 2008-12-16 2013-12-31 Otismed Corporation Unicompartmental customized arthroplasty cutting jigs and methods of making the same
US20100152741A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2010-06-17 Otismed Corporation Unicompartmental customized arthroplasty cutting jigs and methods of making the same
US20100217109A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Mechanical Axis Alignment Using MRI Imaging
US8170641B2 (en) 2009-02-20 2012-05-01 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method of imaging an extremity of a patient
US9649117B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2017-05-16 Microport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US9113914B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2015-08-25 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Method for forming a patient specific surgical guide mount
US11389177B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2022-07-19 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Method for forming a patient specific surgical guide mount
US9883870B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2018-02-06 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Method for forming a patient specific surgical guide mount
US11154305B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2021-10-26 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Patient specific surgical guide locator and mount
US9901353B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2018-02-27 Microport Holdings Inc. Patient specific surgical guide locator and mount
US9675365B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2017-06-13 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. System and method for anterior approach for installing tibial stem
US10973536B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2021-04-13 Microport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US9320620B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2016-04-26 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US9089342B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2015-07-28 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Patient specific surgical guide locator and mount
US11534186B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2022-12-27 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US11779356B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2023-10-10 Microport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US8808303B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2014-08-19 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US9566075B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2017-02-14 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Patient specific surgical guide locator and mount
US11464527B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2022-10-11 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Systems and methods for installing an orthopedic implant
US10660654B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2020-05-26 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Method for forming a patient specific surgical guide mount
US9949747B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2018-04-24 Microport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Systems and methods for installing an orthopedic implant
US9642632B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2017-05-09 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US10646238B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2020-05-12 Microport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Systems and methods for installing an orthopedic implant
US10512476B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2019-12-24 Microport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US11779347B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2023-10-10 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. System for forming a patient specific surgical guide mount
US10039557B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2018-08-07 Micorport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Orthopedic surgical guide
US11911046B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2024-02-27 Microport Orthopedics Holdings, Inc. Patient specific surgical guide locator and mount
US9017334B2 (en) 2009-02-24 2015-04-28 Microport Orthopedics Holdings Inc. Patient specific surgical guide locator and mount
US8771365B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2014-07-08 Conformis, Inc. Patient-adapted and improved orthopedic implants, designs, and related tools
US9675461B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2017-06-13 Zimmer Inc. Deformable articulating templates
US10213311B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2019-02-26 Zimmer Inc. Deformable articulating templates
US10130478B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2018-11-20 Zimmer, Inc. Ethnic-specific orthopaedic implants and custom cutting jigs
US11806242B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2023-11-07 Zimmer, Inc. Ethnic-specific orthopaedic implants and custom cutting jigs
US20110029091A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-02-03 Conformis, Inc. Patient-Adapted and Improved Orthopedic Implants, Designs, and Related Tools
US10052206B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2018-08-21 Zimmer Inc. Deformable articulating templates
US11026799B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2021-06-08 Zimmer, Inc. Ethnic-specific orthopaedic implants and custom cutting jigs
US20110071645A1 (en) * 2009-02-25 2011-03-24 Ray Bojarski Patient-adapted and improved articular implants, designs and related guide tools
US9895230B2 (en) 2009-02-25 2018-02-20 Zimmer, Inc. Deformable articulating templates
US11589995B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2023-02-28 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Methods and devices for preparing and implanting tissue scaffolds
US9848999B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2017-12-26 Depuy Mitek, Llc Methods and devices for delivering and affixing tissue scaffolds
US10449052B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2019-10-22 Depuy Synthes Products, Inc Methods and devices for preparing and implanting tissue scaffolds
US8469980B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2013-06-25 Depuy Mitek, Llc Methods and devices for preparing and implanting tissue scaffolds
US10821005B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2020-11-03 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Methods and devices for delivering and affixing tissue scaffolds
US9421082B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2016-08-23 Depuy Mitek, Llc Methods and devices for preparing and implanting tissue scaffolds
US20100249758A1 (en) * 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Methods and devices for preparing and implanting tissue scaffolds
US8241298B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2012-08-14 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Methods and devices for delivering and affixing tissue scaffolds
US8308814B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2012-11-13 Depuy Mitek, Inc. Methods and devices for preparing and implanting tissue scaffolds
US9149369B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2015-10-06 Depuy Mitek, Llc Methods and devices for delivering and affixing tissue scaffolds
US11554028B2 (en) 2009-03-27 2023-01-17 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Methods and devices for delivering and affixing tissue scaffolds
US20100286700A1 (en) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-11 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Patient specific alignment guide for a proximal femur
US9561041B2 (en) 2009-05-07 2017-02-07 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Patient specific alignment guide for a proximal femur
US20110028981A1 (en) * 2009-07-29 2011-02-03 Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. Bone graft measuring apparatus and method of use
US9839433B2 (en) 2009-08-13 2017-12-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Device for the resection of bones, method for producing such a device, endoprosthesis suited for this purpose and method for producing such an endoprosthesis
US10052110B2 (en) 2009-08-13 2018-08-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Device for the resection of bones, method for producing such a device, endoprosthesis suited for this purpose and method for producing such an endoprosthesis
US9393028B2 (en) 2009-08-13 2016-07-19 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Device for the resection of bones, method for producing such a device, endoprosthesis suited for this purpose and method for producing such an endoprosthesis
US11324522B2 (en) 2009-10-01 2022-05-10 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific alignment guide with cutting surface and laser indicator
US9839434B2 (en) 2009-10-29 2017-12-12 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific mill guide
US9095641B2 (en) * 2009-12-22 2015-08-04 Arthrex, Inc. Hybrid polymer/metal plug for treating chondral defects
US20110153028A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-23 Albertorio Ricardo E Hybrid polymer/metal plug for treating chondral defects
US20110190887A1 (en) * 2010-02-04 2011-08-04 Shapiro Paul S Surgical technique using a contoured allograft cartilage as a spacer of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb or carpo-metatarsal joint of the toe
US9198763B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2015-12-01 Paul S. Shapiro Surgical technique using a contoured allograft cartilage as a spacer of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb or tarso-metatarsal joint of the toe
US8834568B2 (en) * 2010-02-04 2014-09-16 Paul S. Shapiro Surgical technique using a contoured allograft cartilage as a spacer of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb or tarso-metatarsal joint of the toe
US8632547B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2014-01-21 Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc Patient-specific osteotomy devices and methods
US9456833B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2016-10-04 Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc Patient-specific osteotomy devices and methods
US9579112B2 (en) 2010-03-04 2017-02-28 Materialise N.V. Patient-specific computed tomography guides
US20110218545A1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2011-09-08 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Patient-specific computed tomography guides
US9066727B2 (en) 2010-03-04 2015-06-30 Materialise Nv Patient-specific computed tomography guides
US10893876B2 (en) 2010-03-05 2021-01-19 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Method and apparatus for manufacturing an implant
US9386994B2 (en) 2010-06-11 2016-07-12 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Patient-matched instruments
US9615834B2 (en) 2010-06-11 2017-04-11 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Systems and methods utilizing patient-matched instruments
US10098648B2 (en) 2010-09-29 2018-10-16 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific guide for partial acetabular socket replacement
US9271744B2 (en) 2010-09-29 2016-03-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific guide for partial acetabular socket replacement
US11213305B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2022-01-04 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for association of a guiding aid with a patient tissue
US9615840B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2017-04-11 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for association of a guiding aid with a patient tissue
US9877735B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2018-01-30 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for assisting with attachment of a stock implant to a patient tissue
US10973535B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2021-04-13 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System of preoperative planning and provision of patient-specific surgical aids
US10512496B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2019-12-24 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for assisting with arrangement of a stock instrument with respect to a patient tissue
US11766268B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2023-09-26 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System of preoperative planning and provision of patient-specific surgical aids
US11730497B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2023-08-22 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for association of a guiding aid with a patient tissue
US10258352B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2019-04-16 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for assisting with attachment of a stock implant to a patient tissue
US10624655B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2020-04-21 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System and method for association of a guiding aid with a patient tissue
US9717508B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2017-08-01 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation System of preoperative planning and provision of patient-specific surgical aids
US11234719B2 (en) 2010-11-03 2022-02-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific shoulder guide
US9968376B2 (en) 2010-11-29 2018-05-15 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific orthopedic instruments
US9445907B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2016-09-20 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific tools and implants
US9241745B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2016-01-26 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoral version guide
US9743935B2 (en) 2011-03-07 2017-08-29 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoral version guide
US8715289B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2014-05-06 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific numerically controlled instrument
US9717510B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2017-08-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific numerically controlled instrument
US9675400B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2017-06-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific fracture fixation instrumentation and method
US10251690B2 (en) 2011-04-19 2019-04-09 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific fracture fixation instrumentation and method
US9474539B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2016-10-25 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific convertible guides
US9743940B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2017-08-29 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific partial knee guides and other instruments
US8668700B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2014-03-11 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific convertible guides
US8956364B2 (en) 2011-04-29 2015-02-17 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific partial knee guides and other instruments
US10130378B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2018-11-20 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Generating patient specific instruments for use as surgical aids
US10307174B2 (en) 2011-05-19 2019-06-04 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Apparatus and method for providing a reference indication to a patient tissue
US9757238B2 (en) 2011-06-06 2017-09-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Pre-operative planning and manufacturing method for orthopedic procedure
US8532807B2 (en) 2011-06-06 2013-09-10 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Pre-operative planning and manufacturing method for orthopedic procedure
US8903530B2 (en) 2011-06-06 2014-12-02 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Pre-operative planning and manufacturing method for orthopedic procedure
US9687261B2 (en) 2011-06-13 2017-06-27 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Drill guides for confirming alignment of patient-specific alignment guides
US9084618B2 (en) 2011-06-13 2015-07-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Drill guides for confirming alignment of patient-specific alignment guides
US11253269B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2022-02-22 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Backup kit for a patient-specific arthroplasty kit assembly
US9668747B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2017-06-06 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific-bone-cutting guidance instruments and methods
US8764760B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2014-07-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific bone-cutting guidance instruments and methods
US9173666B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2015-11-03 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific-bone-cutting guidance instruments and methods
US10492798B2 (en) 2011-07-01 2019-12-03 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Backup kit for a patient-specific arthroplasty kit assembly
US8597365B2 (en) 2011-08-04 2013-12-03 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific pelvic implants for acetabular reconstruction
US9427320B2 (en) 2011-08-04 2016-08-30 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific pelvic implants for acetabular reconstruction
US9295497B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2016-03-29 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific sacroiliac and pedicle guides
US9439659B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2016-09-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific sacroiliac guides and associated methods
US9603613B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2017-03-28 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific sacroiliac guides and associated methods
US9066734B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2015-06-30 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific sacroiliac guides and associated methods
US9386993B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2016-07-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoroacetabular impingement instruments and methods
US10456205B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2019-10-29 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoroacetabular impingement instruments and methods
US11406398B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2022-08-09 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific femoroacetabular impingement instruments and methods
US9554910B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2017-01-31 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guide and implants
US11298188B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2022-04-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Methods for patient-specific shoulder arthroplasty
US10842510B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2020-11-24 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific glenoid guide
US9451973B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2016-09-27 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific glenoid guide
US9936962B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2018-04-10 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific glenoid guide
US9301812B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2016-04-05 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Methods for patient-specific shoulder arthroplasty
US11602360B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2023-03-14 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient specific glenoid guide
US10426549B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2019-10-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Methods for patient-specific shoulder arthroplasty
US9351743B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2016-05-31 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guides
US11419618B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2022-08-23 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guides
US10426493B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2019-10-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guides
US9408686B1 (en) 2012-01-20 2016-08-09 Conformis, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for manufacturing orthopedic implants
US10456261B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2019-10-29 Conformis, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for manufacturing orthopedic implants
US11419726B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2022-08-23 Conformis, Inc. Systems and methods for manufacturing, preparation and use of blanks in orthopedic implants
US10325065B2 (en) 2012-01-24 2019-06-18 Zimmer, Inc. Method and system for creating patient-specific instrumentation for chondral graft transfer
US9237950B2 (en) 2012-02-02 2016-01-19 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Implant with patient-specific porous structure
US9827106B2 (en) 2012-02-02 2017-11-28 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Implant with patient-specific porous structure
US11207132B2 (en) 2012-03-12 2021-12-28 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spinal surgery
US11432934B2 (en) 2012-03-28 2022-09-06 Zimmer, Inc. Glenoid implant surgery using patient specific instrumentation
US10543100B2 (en) 2012-03-28 2020-01-28 Zimmer, Inc. Glenoid implant surgery using patient specific instrumentation
US9486226B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2016-11-08 Conformis, Inc. Tibial guides, tools, and techniques for resecting the tibial plateau
US11849957B2 (en) 2012-05-24 2023-12-26 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific instrumentation and method for articular joint repair
US10327786B2 (en) 2012-05-24 2019-06-25 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific instrumentation and method for articular joint repair
US9017417B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2015-04-28 Kensey Nash Bvf Technology Llc Subchondral bone repair system
US9675471B2 (en) 2012-06-11 2017-06-13 Conformis, Inc. Devices, techniques and methods for assessing joint spacing, balancing soft tissues and obtaining desired kinematics for joint implant components
US10271886B2 (en) 2012-07-23 2019-04-30 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific instrumentation for implant revision surgery
US9918658B2 (en) 2012-07-24 2018-03-20 Orthosoft Inc. Patient specific instrumentation with MEMS in surgery
US9585597B2 (en) 2012-07-24 2017-03-07 Zimmer, Inc. Patient specific instrumentation with MEMS in surgery
US9402637B2 (en) 2012-10-11 2016-08-02 Howmedica Osteonics Corporation Customized arthroplasty cutting guides and surgical methods using the same
US9060788B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2015-06-23 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach
US9204977B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2015-12-08 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach
US9597201B2 (en) 2012-12-11 2017-03-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific acetabular guide for anterior approach
US9387083B2 (en) 2013-01-30 2016-07-12 Conformis, Inc. Acquiring and utilizing kinematic information for patient-adapted implants, tools and surgical procedures
US9681956B2 (en) 2013-01-30 2017-06-20 Conformis, Inc. Acquiring and utilizing kinematic information for patient-adapted implants, tools and surgical procedures
US11123193B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2021-09-21 Allosource Cartilage mosaic compositions and methods
US10335281B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2019-07-02 Allosource Cartilage mosaic compositions and methods
US9700415B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2017-07-11 Allosource Cartilage mosaic compositions and methods
US11617591B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2023-04-04 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guide with a reusable guide holder
US10441298B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2019-10-15 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guide with a reusable guide holder
US9839438B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2017-12-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid guide with a reusable guide holder
US9700325B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-07-11 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Multi-point fit for patient specific guide
US9579107B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-02-28 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Multi-point fit for patient specific guide
US10376270B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2019-08-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Universal acetabular guide and associated hardware
US10426491B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2019-10-01 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Tangential fit of patient-specific guides
US9826981B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-11-28 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Tangential fit of patient-specific guides
US9498233B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-11-22 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc. Universal acetabular guide and associated hardware
US11191549B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2021-12-07 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Tangential fit of patient-specific guides
US9603710B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-03-28 Allosource Methods of manufacturing perforated osteochondral allograft compositions
US10507060B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-17 Nuvasive, Inc. Spinal balance assessment
US11229725B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2022-01-25 Allosource Cell repopulated collagen matrix for soft tissue repair and regeneration
US9517145B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-12-13 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Guide alignment system and method
US9968408B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-05-15 Nuvasive, Inc. Spinal balance assessment
US10507061B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-12-17 Nuvasive, Inc. Spinal balance assessment
US11207136B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2021-12-28 Nuvasive, Inc. Spinal balance assessment
US10124124B2 (en) 2013-06-11 2018-11-13 Zimmer, Inc. Computer assisted subchondral injection
US9987148B2 (en) 2013-06-11 2018-06-05 Orthosoft Inc. Acetabular cup prosthesis positioning instrument and method
US11090170B2 (en) 2013-06-11 2021-08-17 Orthosoft Ulc Acetabular cup prosthesis positioning instrument and method
US9737406B2 (en) 2013-08-21 2017-08-22 Laboratories Bodycad Inc. Anatomically adapted orthopedic implant and method of manufacturing same
US11583298B2 (en) 2013-08-21 2023-02-21 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Bone resection guide and method
US10667829B2 (en) 2013-08-21 2020-06-02 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Bone resection guide and method
US11490902B2 (en) 2013-09-25 2022-11-08 Zimmer, Inc. Patient specific instrumentation (PSI) for orthopedic surgery and systems and methods for using X-rays to produce same
US10716579B2 (en) 2013-09-25 2020-07-21 Zimmer Inc. Patient specific instrumentation (PSI) for orthopedic surgery and systems and methods for using X-rays to produce same
US10881416B2 (en) 2013-09-25 2021-01-05 Zimmer Inc. Patient specific instrumentation (PSI) for orthopedic surgery
US9924950B2 (en) 2013-09-25 2018-03-27 Zimmer, Inc. Patient specific instrumentation (PSI) for orthopedic surgery and systems and methods for using X-rays to produce same
US9848922B2 (en) 2013-10-09 2017-12-26 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spine surgery
US11179165B2 (en) 2013-10-21 2021-11-23 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Ligament guide registration
US10282488B2 (en) 2014-04-25 2019-05-07 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc HTO guide with optional guided ACL/PCL tunnels
US10350022B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2019-07-16 Zimmer, Inc. Acetabular cup impacting using patient-specific instrumentation
US9408616B2 (en) 2014-05-12 2016-08-09 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Humeral cut guide
US10878965B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2020-12-29 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific cutting block and method of manufacturing same
US9561040B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2017-02-07 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid depth control
US10217530B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2019-02-26 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific cutting block and method of manufacturing same
US9839436B2 (en) 2014-06-03 2017-12-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific glenoid depth control
US9833245B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2017-12-05 Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc Tibial tubercule osteotomy
US9826994B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2017-11-28 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Adjustable glenoid pin insertion guide
US11026699B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2021-06-08 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Tibial tubercule osteotomy
US10335162B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2019-07-02 Biomet Sports Medicine, Llc Tibial tubercle osteotomy
US10433893B1 (en) 2014-10-17 2019-10-08 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spine surgery
US9913669B1 (en) 2014-10-17 2018-03-13 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spine surgery
US11213326B2 (en) 2014-10-17 2022-01-04 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spine surgery
US10485589B2 (en) 2014-10-17 2019-11-26 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for performing spine surgery
US10077420B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2018-09-18 Histogenics Corporation Cell and tissue culture container
US11555172B2 (en) 2014-12-02 2023-01-17 Ocugen, Inc. Cell and tissue culture container
US10405928B2 (en) 2015-02-02 2019-09-10 Orthosoft Ulc Acetabulum rim digitizer device and method
US10016241B2 (en) 2015-03-25 2018-07-10 Orthosoft Inc. Method and system for assisting implant placement in thin bones such as scapula
US9820868B2 (en) 2015-03-30 2017-11-21 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Method and apparatus for a pin apparatus
US11020128B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2021-06-01 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific bone grafting system and method
US10271858B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2019-04-30 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific bone grafting system and method
US11801064B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2023-10-31 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific humeral guide designs
US10226262B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2019-03-12 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific humeral guide designs
US10925622B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2021-02-23 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific humeral guide designs
US10568647B2 (en) 2015-06-25 2020-02-25 Biomet Manufacturing, Llc Patient-specific humeral guide designs
US10582969B2 (en) 2015-07-08 2020-03-10 Zimmer, Inc. Patient-specific instrumentation for implant revision surgery
US10470887B2 (en) * 2015-08-27 2019-11-12 Institute of Orthopedic Research & Education Modification of the surface topography of cartilage grafts for joint reconstruction
US20170056182A1 (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-03-02 Institute of Orthopedic Research & Education Modification of the surface topography of cartilage grafts for joint reconstruction
US10874408B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2020-12-29 Zimmer, Inc Patient-specific instrumentation for patellar resurfacing surgery and method
US10624764B2 (en) 2015-11-26 2020-04-21 Orthosoft Ulc System and method for the registration of an anatomical feature
US11576727B2 (en) 2016-03-02 2023-02-14 Nuvasive, Inc. Systems and methods for spinal correction surgical planning
US11903655B2 (en) 2016-03-02 2024-02-20 Nuvasive Inc. Systems and methods for spinal correction surgical planning
USD808524S1 (en) 2016-11-29 2018-01-23 Laboratoires Bodycad Inc. Femoral implant
US10722310B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2020-07-28 Zimmer Biomet CMF and Thoracic, LLC Virtual surgery planning system and method
US11241285B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2022-02-08 Mako Surgical Corp. Robotic system for shoulder arthroplasty using stemless implant components
US11173048B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2021-11-16 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Robotic system for shoulder arthroplasty using stemless implant components
US11432945B2 (en) 2017-11-07 2022-09-06 Howmedica Osteonics Corp. Robotic system for shoulder arthroplasty using stemless implant components
US11576725B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2023-02-14 Orthosoft Ulc Patient-specific instrumentation for implant revision surgery
US11376054B2 (en) 2018-04-17 2022-07-05 Stryker European Operations Limited On-demand implant customization in a surgical setting
US11051829B2 (en) 2018-06-26 2021-07-06 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Customized patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instrument
US11931049B2 (en) 2020-10-09 2024-03-19 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Apparatus and method for fabricating a customized patient-specific orthopaedic instrument
CN112932565A (en) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-11 吕阳 Finger is transplanted and is used alignment equipment
US20230000628A1 (en) * 2021-07-01 2023-01-05 Hyalex Orthopaedics, Inc. Multi-layered biomimetic osteochondral implants and methods of using thereof
US11801143B2 (en) * 2021-07-01 2023-10-31 Hyalex Orthopaedics, Inc. Multi-layered biomimetic osteochondral implants and methods of using thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140005792A1 (en) 2014-01-02
EP1389980A4 (en) 2007-04-04
AU2002310193B8 (en) 2007-05-17
ATE504264T1 (en) 2011-04-15
EP1389980B1 (en) 2011-04-06
US20100303324A1 (en) 2010-12-02
JP2005504563A (en) 2005-02-17
US20100303313A1 (en) 2010-12-02
CA2447694A1 (en) 2002-12-05
US20130110471A1 (en) 2013-05-02
EP1389980A2 (en) 2004-02-25
WO2002096268A3 (en) 2003-07-31
US8768028B2 (en) 2014-07-01
US8343218B2 (en) 2013-01-01
US20130103363A1 (en) 2013-04-25
US9055953B2 (en) 2015-06-16
US20140303629A1 (en) 2014-10-09
AU2002310193B2 (en) 2007-03-29
CN1630495A (en) 2005-06-22
US20090312805A1 (en) 2009-12-17
US20090306676A1 (en) 2009-12-10
WO2002096268A2 (en) 2002-12-05
WO2002096268A9 (en) 2003-04-10
US8337507B2 (en) 2012-12-25
CN100502808C (en) 2009-06-24
DE60239674D1 (en) 2011-05-19
HK1059882A1 (en) 2004-07-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2002310193B2 (en) Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing
US7468075B2 (en) Methods and compositions for articular repair
AU2002310193A1 (en) Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing
AU2007202573A1 (en) Methods and compositions for articular resurfacing
US9913723B2 (en) Patient selectable knee arthroplasty devices
US8882847B2 (en) Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
CN101384230A (en) Devices and methods for treating facet joints, uncovertebral joints, costovertebral joints and other joints
AU2012216829A1 (en) Patient selectable knee joint arthroplasty devices
ES2364240T3 (en) PROCEDURE AND COMPOSITIONS OF REPAIR OF AN ARTICULAR SURFACE.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: IMAGING THERAPEUTICS, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LANG, PHILIPP;LINDER, BARRY;STEINES, DANIEL;REEL/FRAME:013510/0128;SIGNING DATES FROM 20021028 TO 20021117

AS Assignment

Owner name: IMAGING THERAPEUTICS, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: CORRECTION TO EXECUTION DATE ON REEL/FRAME 013510/0128;ASSIGNORS:LANG, PHILIPP;LINDER, BARRY;STEINES, DANIEL;REEL/FRAME:014813/0697;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040611 TO 20040621

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:IMAGING THERAPEUTICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:014893/0647

Effective date: 20040616

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: CHANGE OF ADDRESS OF ASSIGNEE;ASSIGNOR:CONFORMIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018482/0476

Effective date: 20061103

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE STATE IN THE CHANGE OF ADDRESS OF THE ASSIGNEE PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 018482 FRAME 0476;ASSIGNOR:CONFORMIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018794/0834

Effective date: 20061103

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE STATE IN THE CHANGE OF ADDRESS OF THE ASSIGNEE PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 018482 FRAME 0476. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE CORRECT ADDRESS OF THE ASSIGNEE IS IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA (NOT IN THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS);ASSIGNOR:CONFORMIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018794/0834

Effective date: 20061103

AS Assignment

Owner name: MERRILL LYNCH CAPITAL, A DIVISION OF MERRILL LYNCH

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CONFIRMIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019660/0881

Effective date: 20070719

AS Assignment

Owner name: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CONFORMIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023133/0872

Effective date: 20090811

Owner name: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC.,CALIFORNIA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CONFORMIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023133/0872

Effective date: 20090811

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:GE BUSINESS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. (FORMERLY KNOWN AS MERRILL LYNCH BUSINESS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.);REEL/FRAME:023147/0541

Effective date: 20090810

AS Assignment

Owner name: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CONFORMIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:025833/0753

Effective date: 20110216

Owner name: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC., CALIFORNIA

Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:CONFORMIS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:025833/0753

Effective date: 20110216

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC.;REEL/FRAME:033453/0153

Effective date: 20140730

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC. & VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC.;REEL/FRAME:033460/0396

Effective date: 20140730

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE INCORRECT SERIAL NUMBER 13/013466 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 033460 FRAME: 0396. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC.;VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC.;REEL/FRAME:040424/0437

Effective date: 20140730

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION

AS Assignment

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNORS:VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC.;VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC.;REEL/FRAME:050352/0372

Effective date: 20190909

Owner name: CONFORMIS, INC., MASSACHUSETTS

Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC.;REEL/FRAME:051897/0504

Effective date: 20190909