US20030039220A1 - Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit - Google Patents

Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030039220A1
US20030039220A1 US10/085,203 US8520302A US2003039220A1 US 20030039220 A1 US20030039220 A1 US 20030039220A1 US 8520302 A US8520302 A US 8520302A US 2003039220 A1 US2003039220 A1 US 2003039220A1
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packet
subscriber unit
packets
acknowledgment
transmitted
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US10/085,203
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Joseph Kwak
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Priority to US10/085,203 priority Critical patent/US20030039220A1/en
Priority to TW091119057A priority patent/TWI261984B/en
Priority to TW094129347A priority patent/TWI315136B/en
Priority to TW092128227A priority patent/TWI300297B/en
Priority to TW098132003A priority patent/TW201029378A/en
Priority to TW096146937A priority patent/TW200843399A/en
Priority to PCT/US2002/026941 priority patent/WO2003019844A2/en
Priority to ARP020103163A priority patent/AR036284A1/en
Priority to CA2457883A priority patent/CA2457883C/en
Priority to CNB028165667A priority patent/CN100450066C/en
Priority to EP10162978.0A priority patent/EP2214330B1/en
Priority to KR1020057015261A priority patent/KR20050098006A/en
Priority to JP2003524174A priority patent/JP4540342B2/en
Priority to AU2002326744A priority patent/AU2002326744B2/en
Priority to GE5471A priority patent/GEP20063981B/en
Priority to CA2690114A priority patent/CA2690114A1/en
Priority to MYPI20023131A priority patent/MY137091A/en
Priority to MXPA04001738A priority patent/MXPA04001738A/en
Priority to BR0212701-6A priority patent/BR0212701A/en
Priority to EP14171291.9A priority patent/EP2793409A1/en
Priority to AT02761481T priority patent/ATE470279T1/en
Priority to EP02761481A priority patent/EP1421743B9/en
Priority to IL16033002A priority patent/IL160330A0/en
Priority to KR1020047002469A priority patent/KR100798715B1/en
Priority to DE60236604T priority patent/DE60236604D1/en
Priority to KR1020077020307A priority patent/KR20070106547A/en
Priority to GEAP20029202A priority patent/GEP20094598B/en
Publication of US20030039220A1 publication Critical patent/US20030039220A1/en
Priority to IL160330A priority patent/IL160330A/en
Priority to NO20040784A priority patent/NO20040784L/en
Priority to HK05102753.8A priority patent/HK1070210A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0033—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the transmitter
    • H04L1/0034—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff arrangements specific to the transmitter where the transmitter decides based on inferences, e.g. use of implicit signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2612—Arrangements for wireless medium access control, e.g. by allocating physical layer transmission capacity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1809—Selective-repeat protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1822—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems involving configuration of automatic repeat request [ARQ] with parallel processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1829—Arrangements specially adapted for the receiver end
    • H04L1/1835—Buffer management
    • H04L1/1845—Combining techniques, e.g. code combining
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0096—Channel splitting in point-to-point links

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wireless communication systems. More particularly, it relates to a modification to such systems by employing a physical layer (PHY) automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme.
  • PHY physical layer
  • ARQ automatic repeat request
  • BFWA Proposed broadband fixed wireless access
  • SC-FDE single carrier-frequency domain equalization
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplex
  • HSDPA high speed downlink packet access
  • the current proposed system employs a layer 2 automatic repeat request (ARQ) system.
  • Data blocks unsuccessfully transmitted to the subscribers are buffered and retransmitted from layer 2 .
  • the data blocks stored in layer 2 are typically large, are transmitted for high signal to noise ratio (SNR) reception, are received with a low block error rate (BLER), and are infrequently retransmitted.
  • SNR signal to noise ratio
  • BLER block error rate
  • layer 2 ARQ signaling is typically slow requiring large buffers and long retransmission intervals.
  • a physical automatic request repeat system comprises a transmitter and a receiver.
  • a physical layer transmitter at the transmitter, receives data and formats the received data into packets having a particular encoding/data modulation.
  • the physical layer transmitter contains n channels which transmit the packets and retransmits packets in response to not receiving a corresponding acknowledgment for a given packet.
  • An adaptive modulation and coding controller in the transmitter collects retransmission statistics and adjusts the particular encoding/data modulations using the collected statistics.
  • the receiver has a physical layer n-channel receiver for receiving the packets.
  • the receiver contains an n-channel hybrid ARQ combiner/decoder which combines packet transmissions, decodes packets and detects packet errors.
  • the receiver contains an acknowledgment transmitter which transmits an acknowledgment for each packet, if that packet has an acceptable error rate.
  • the receiver contains an in-sequence delivery element which delivers acceptable packets to higher layers.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b are simplified block diagrams of downlink and uplink physical ARQs.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart for using retransmission statistics for adaptive modulation and coding.
  • FIG. 3 is block diagram showing a multi-channel stop and wait architecture.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b respectively show a downlink physical ARQ 10 and uplink physical ARQ 20 .
  • the downlink physical ARQ 10 comprises a base station 12 receiving packets from the higher layer ARQ transmitter 14 a provided in network 14 .
  • the packets from transmitter 14 a are applied to the physical layer ARQ transmitter 12 a in base station 12 .
  • the ARQ transmitter 12 a encodes the data with a forward error correcting code (FEC), appends error check sequences (ECSs), modulates the data as directed by the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) controller 12 c , such as by using binaryphase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (i.e. 16-QAM or 64-QAM).
  • FEC forward error correcting code
  • ECSs error check sequences
  • AMC adaptive modulation and coding
  • BPSK binaryphase shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation i.e. 16-QAM or 64-QAM.
  • the AMC controller 12 a may vary the subchannels used to carry the packet data.
  • the physical layer ARQ transmitter 12 a transmits packets to the subscriber unit 16 through air interface 14 by way of switch, circulator or duplexor 12 d and antenna 13 .
  • the transmitter 12 a also temporarily stores the message for retransmission, if necessary, in a buffer memory incorporated in the transmitter 12 a.
  • Antenna 15 of subscriber unit 16 receives the packet.
  • the packet is input into physical layer ARQ receiver 16 a through switch, circulator or duplexor 16 b .
  • the packet is FEC decoded and checked for errors using the ECS.
  • the receiver 16 a controls acknowledgment transmitter 16 c to either acknowledge (ACK) receipt of a packet with an acceptable error rate or to request retransmission by, preferably, withholding an acknowledgment signal or transmitting a negative acknowledgment (NAK).
  • ACK acknowledge
  • NAK negative acknowledgment
  • the ACK is sent by ACK transmitter 16 c to the base station 12 through switch 16 b and antenna 15 .
  • the ACK is sent via the air interface 14 to antenna 13 of base station 12 .
  • the received ACK is processed by an acknowledgment receiver 12 b in the base station.
  • the ACK receiver 12 b delivers the ACK/NAKs to the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) controller 12 c and to the transmitter 12 a .
  • AMC controller 12 c analyzes the channel quality to the subscriber unit 16 using statistics of the received ACKs and may vary the FEC encoding and modulation techniques of subsequent transmissions of the message, as will be described in more detail. If the subscriber unit 16 acknowledges receipt of the packet, receipt of this ACK at base station 12 causes the original packet, which was temporarily stored in a buffer memory, to be cleared in readiness for the next packet.
  • the physical layer transmitter 12 a retransmits the original message or selectively modified version of the original message to subscriber 16 .
  • the retransmission is combined with the original transmission, if available.
  • This technique facilitates receipt of a correct message by use of data redundancy or selective repeat combining.
  • the packets having an acceptable error rate are transferred to higher layers 16 d for further processing.
  • the acceptable received packets are delivered to the higher layers 16 d in the same data order in which the data was provided to transmitter 12 a in the base station (i.e. in-sequence delivery).
  • the maximum number of retransmissions is limited to an operator-defined integer value, such as in the range of 1 to 8. After the maximum number of retransmissions are attempted, the buffer memory is cleared for use by the next packet. Decoding an acknowledgment using small packets at the physical layer reduces transmission delays and message handling time.
  • the AMC controller 12 c may vary the modulation and coding schemes for that channel, as shown in FIG. 2. Additionally, the retransmission statistics can also be combined with other link quality measurements, such as bit error rates (BERs) and block error rates (BLERs), by the AMC controller 12 c to gauge the channel quality and determine whether a change in the modulation and coding scheme is required.
  • BERs bit error rates
  • BLERs block error rates
  • the retransmission occurrences for a particular channel are measured to produce retransmission statistics, ( 60 ).
  • a decision on whether to change the modulation scheme is made using the retransmission statistics, ( 62 ). If the retransmissions are excessive, a more robust coding and modulation scheme is used, ( 64 ), usually at a reduced data transfer rate.
  • the AMC controller 12 c may increase the spreading factor and use more codes to transfer the packet data. Alternately or additionally, the AMC controller may switch from a high data throughput modulation scheme to a lower one, such as from 64-QAM to 16-QAM or QPSK.
  • a switch to a higher capacity modulation scheme is made, such as from QPSK to 16-ary QAM or 64-ary QAM, ( 66 ).
  • the decision preferably uses both the retransmission rate and other link quality measurements signaled from the receiver, such as BER or BLER, ( 62 ).
  • the decision limits are preferably set by the system operator.
  • the retransmission occurrences are used to monitor the channel quality of each subchannel. If the retransmission rate or retransmission rate/link quality for a particular subchannel indicates poor quality, that subchannel may be selectively nulled from the OFDM frequency set, ( 64 ), in order to preclude use of such poor quality subchannels for some future period. If the retransmission rate or retransmission rate/link quality indicates high quality, a previously nulled subchannels may be added back to the OFDM frequency set, ( 66 ).
  • Using the retransmission occurrences as a basis for AMC provides a flexibility to match the modulation and coding scheme to the average channel conditions for each user. Additionally, the retransmission rate is insensitive to measurement error and reporting delay from the subscriber unit 16 .
  • the uplink ARQ 20 is similar in nature to the downlink ARQ 10 and is comprised of a subscriber unit 26 in which packets from a higher layer ARQ transmitter 28 a of the higher layers 28 are transferred to physical layer ARQ transmitter 26 a .
  • the message is transmitted to the base station antenna through switch 26 d , subscriber antenna 25 and air interface 24 .
  • the AMC controller likewise, may vary the modulation and coding scheme using the retransmission statistics of a channel.
  • Physical layer ARQ receiver 22 a determines if the message has an acceptable error rate requiring retransmission.
  • the acknowledgment transmitter reports status to subscriber unit 26 , causing the transmitter 26 a to retransmit or alternatively to clear the original message temporarily stored at transmitter 26 a in readiness to receive the next message from the higher layers 28 .
  • Successfully received packets are sent to the network 24 for further processing.
  • the system is preferably used for a HSDPA application in a BFWA system, although other implementations may be used.
  • the BFWA system may use frequency division duplex or time division duplex SC-FDE or OFDMA.
  • the base station and all of the subscribers are in fixed locations.
  • the system may comprise a base station and a large number of subscriber units. Each subscriber unit may serve multiple users within one building or several neighboring buildings, for example. These applications typically require a large bandwidth due to the large number of end users at one subscriber unit site.
  • a PHY ARQ deployed in such a system is transparent to the higher layers, such as the medium access controllers (MACs).
  • MACs medium access controllers
  • PHY ARQ can be used in conjunction with higher layer ARQs, such as layer 2 .
  • the PHY ARQ reduces the retransmission overhead of the higher layer ARQs.
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of an N-channel stop and wait architecture for a PHYARQ 30 .
  • the Physical Layer ARQ transmit function 38 may be located at the base station, subscriber unit or both depending on whether downlink, uplink or both PHYARQs are used.
  • Blocks 34 a of data arrive from the network.
  • the network blocks are placed in a queue 34 for transmission over the data channel 41 of the air interface 43 .
  • An N-channel sequencer 36 sends data of the blocks sequentially to the N transmitters 40 - 1 to 40 -n. Each transmitter 40 - 1 to 40 -n is associated with a transmit sequence in the data channel 41 .
  • Each transmitter 40 - 1 to 40 -n FEC encodes and provides ECS for the block data to produce packets for AMC modulation and transmission in the data channel 41 .
  • the FEC encoded/ECS data is stored in a buffer of the transmitter 40 - 1 to 40 -n for possible retransmission. Additionally, control information is sent from the PHYARQ transmitter 38 to synchronize reception, demodulation and decoding at the receivers 46 - 1 to 46 -n.
  • Each of the N receivers 46 - 1 to 46 -n receives the packet in its associated timeslot.
  • the received packet is sent to a respective hybrid ARQ decoder 50 - 1 to 50 -n ( 50 ).
  • the hybrid ARQ decoder 50 determines the error rate, such as BER or BLER, for the received packet. If the packet has an acceptable error rate, it is released to the higher levels for further processing and an ACK is sent by the ACK transmitter 54 . If the error rate is unacceptable or no packet was received, no ACK is sent or a NAK is sent. Packets with unacceptable error rates are buffered at the decoder 50 for potential combining with a retransmitted packet.
  • One approach for combining packets using turbo codes is as follows. If a turbo encoded packet is received with an unacceptable error rate, the packet data is retransmitted to facilitate code combining. The packet containing the same data is encoded differently. To decode the packet data, both packets are processed by the turbo decoder to recover the original data. Since the second packet has a different encoding, its soft symbols are mapped to different points in the decoding scheme. Using two packets with different encoding adds coding diversity and transmission diversity to improve the overall BER. In another approach, the identical signal is transmitted. The two received packets are combined using a maximum ratio combining of symbols. The combined signal is subsequently decoded.
  • the ACK for each receiver 46 - 1 to 46 -n is sent in a fast feedback channel (FFC) 45 .
  • the fast feedback channel 45 is preferably a low latency channel.
  • the ACKs may be sent in idle periods between upstream and downstream transmissions.
  • the FFC 45 is preferably a low speed, high bandwidth CDMA channel overlaying other in-band transmissions.
  • the FFC CDMA codes and modulations are selected to minimize interference to other in-band transmissions. To increase the capacity of such a FFC 45 , multiple codes may be used.
  • the ACK receiver 56 detects the ACKs and indicates to the corresponding transmitter 40 - 1 to 40 -n whether the ACK was received. If the ACK was not received, the packet is retransmitted. The retransmitted packet may have a different modulation and coding scheme as directed by the AMC controller 12 c , 26 c . If the ACK is received, the transmitter 40 - 1 to 40 -n clears the previous packet from the buffer and accepts a subsequent packet for transmission.
  • the number of transmitters and receivers N is based on various design considerations, such as the channel capacity and ACK response time.
  • a 2-channel architecture is preferably utilized, with even and odd transmitters and receivers.
  • the PHY ARQ technique of the preferred embodiment provides a 7 db gain in signal to noise ratio (SNR) as compared to a system using only higher layer ARQ. This occurs by operating at higher block error rates (BLERs) (5-20% BLER) and using smaller block sizes for layer 1 than is practical with higher layer ARQ alone.
  • SNR signal to noise ratio
  • the decreased SNR requirement allows for: increased capacityby switching to high order modulation employing an adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) technique; lower customer premise equipment (CPE) costs by using lower grade RF (radio frequency) components with the PHY ARQ compensating for reduced implementation performance; increased downlink range which extends the cell radius; reduced downlink power in the base station (BS) to minimize cell-cell interference; and increased power amplifier (PA) back-off when employing a multi-carrier technique.
  • AMC adaptive modulation and coding
  • CPE customer premise equipment
  • RF radio frequency

Abstract

A subscriber unit implementing physical layer automatic repeat request includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter has a physical layer transmitter for receiving data, formatting the received data into packets transmitting the packets, and retransmitting packets in response to failure to receive a corresponding acknowledgment for a given packet; an acknowledgment receiver for receiving the corresponding acknowledgment; and an adaptive modulation and coding controller for collecting retransmission statistics and adjusting the particular data encoding/modulation using the collected statistics. The receiver has a physical layer receiver for demodulating the packets; a combiner/decoder for buffering, decoding and detecting packet errors; and an acknowledgment generator for generating an acknowledgment for each packet if that packet has an acceptable error rate.

Description

  • This application is a continuation of Application No. 09/939,410, filed Aug. 24, 2001.[0001]
    • BACKGROUNDS
  • The present invention relates to wireless communication systems. More particularly, it relates to a modification to such systems by employing a physical layer (PHY) automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme. [0002]
  • Proposed broadband fixed wireless access (BFWA) communication systems, using either single carrier-frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) or orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) plan on using a high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) application. This application will transmit downlink packet data at high speeds. In BFWA, a building or group of buildings are connected, either wirelessly or wired, and operate as a single subscriber site. The data demand for such a system is quite high for the single site's multiple end users requiring large bandwidths. [0003]
  • The current proposed system employs a [0004] layer 2 automatic repeat request (ARQ) system. Data blocks unsuccessfully transmitted to the subscribers are buffered and retransmitted from layer 2. The data blocks stored in layer 2 are typically large, are transmitted for high signal to noise ratio (SNR) reception, are received with a low block error rate (BLER), and are infrequently retransmitted. Additionally, layer 2 ARQ signaling is typically slow requiring large buffers and long retransmission intervals.
  • Accordingly, it is desirable to have alternatives in addition to a [0005] layer 2 ARQ system.
    • SUMMARY
  • A physical automatic request repeat system comprises a transmitter and a receiver. A physical layer transmitter, at the transmitter, receives data and formats the received data into packets having a particular encoding/data modulation. The physical layer transmitter contains n channels which transmit the packets and retransmits packets in response to not receiving a corresponding acknowledgment for a given packet. An adaptive modulation and coding controller in the transmitter collects retransmission statistics and adjusts the particular encoding/data modulations using the collected statistics. The receiver has a physical layer n-channel receiver for receiving the packets. The receiver contains an n-channel hybrid ARQ combiner/decoder which combines packet transmissions, decodes packets and detects packet errors. The receiver contains an acknowledgment transmitter which transmits an acknowledgment for each packet, if that packet has an acceptable error rate. The receiver contains an in-sequence delivery element which delivers acceptable packets to higher layers.[0006]
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIGS. 1[0007] a and 1 b are simplified block diagrams of downlink and uplink physical ARQs.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart for using retransmission statistics for adaptive modulation and coding. [0008]
  • FIG. 3 is block diagram showing a multi-channel stop and wait architecture.[0009]
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • FIGS. 1[0010] a and 1 b respectively show a downlink physical ARQ 10 and uplink physical ARQ 20.
  • The downlink [0011] physical ARQ 10 comprises a base station 12 receiving packets from the higher layer ARQ transmitter 14 a provided in network 14. The packets from transmitter 14 a are applied to the physical layer ARQ transmitter 12 a in base station 12. The ARQ transmitter 12 a encodes the data with a forward error correcting code (FEC), appends error check sequences (ECSs), modulates the data as directed by the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) controller 12 c, such as by using binaryphase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (i.e. 16-QAM or 64-QAM). Additionally, for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), the AMC controller 12 a may vary the subchannels used to carry the packet data. The physical layer ARQ transmitter 12 a transmits packets to the subscriber unit 16 through air interface 14 by way of switch, circulator or duplexor 12 d and antenna 13. The transmitter 12 a also temporarily stores the message for retransmission, if necessary, in a buffer memory incorporated in the transmitter 12 a.
  • [0012] Antenna 15 of subscriber unit 16 receives the packet. The packet is input into physical layer ARQ receiver 16 a through switch, circulator or duplexor 16 b. At the receiver 16 a, the packet is FEC decoded and checked for errors using the ECS. The receiver 16 a then controls acknowledgment transmitter 16 c to either acknowledge (ACK) receipt of a packet with an acceptable error rate or to request retransmission by, preferably, withholding an acknowledgment signal or transmitting a negative acknowledgment (NAK).
  • The ACK is sent by [0013] ACK transmitter 16 c to the base station 12 through switch 16 b and antenna 15. The ACK is sent via the air interface 14 to antenna 13 of base station 12. The received ACK is processed by an acknowledgment receiver 12 b in the base station. The ACK receiver 12 b delivers the ACK/NAKs to the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) controller 12 c and to the transmitter 12 a. The AMC controller 12 c analyzes the channel quality to the subscriber unit 16 using statistics of the received ACKs and may vary the FEC encoding and modulation techniques of subsequent transmissions of the message, as will be described in more detail. If the subscriber unit 16 acknowledges receipt of the packet, receipt of this ACK at base station 12 causes the original packet, which was temporarily stored in a buffer memory, to be cleared in readiness for the next packet.
  • If no ACK is received or a NAK is received, the [0014] physical layer transmitter 12 a retransmits the original message or selectively modified version of the original message to subscriber 16. At the subscriber unit 16, the retransmission is combined with the original transmission, if available. This technique facilitates receipt of a correct message by use of data redundancy or selective repeat combining. The packets having an acceptable error rate are transferred to higher layers 16 d for further processing. The acceptable received packets are delivered to the higher layers 16 d in the same data order in which the data was provided to transmitter 12 a in the base station (i.e. in-sequence delivery). The maximum number of retransmissions is limited to an operator-defined integer value, such as in the range of 1 to 8. After the maximum number of retransmissions are attempted, the buffer memory is cleared for use by the next packet. Decoding an acknowledgment using small packets at the physical layer reduces transmission delays and message handling time.
  • Since PHY ARQ occurs at the physical layer, the number of retransmission occurrences for a particular channel, retransmission statistics, is a good measure of that channel's quality. Using the retransmission statistics, the AMC [0015] controller 12 c may vary the modulation and coding schemes for that channel, as shown in FIG. 2. Additionally, the retransmission statistics can also be combined with other link quality measurements, such as bit error rates (BERs) and block error rates (BLERs), by the AMC controller 12 c to gauge the channel quality and determine whether a change in the modulation and coding scheme is required.
  • To illustrate for SC-FDE, the retransmission occurrences for a particular channel are measured to produce retransmission statistics, ([0016] 60). A decision on whether to change the modulation scheme is made using the retransmission statistics, (62). If the retransmissions are excessive, a more robust coding and modulation scheme is used, (64), usually at a reduced data transfer rate. The AMC controller 12 c may increase the spreading factor and use more codes to transfer the packet data. Alternately or additionally, the AMC controller may switch from a high data throughput modulation scheme to a lower one, such as from 64-QAM to 16-QAM or QPSK. If the rate of retransmissions is low, a switch to a higher capacity modulation scheme is made, such as from QPSK to 16-ary QAM or 64-ary QAM, (66). The decision preferably uses both the retransmission rate and other link quality measurements signaled from the receiver, such as BER or BLER, (62). The decision limits are preferably set by the system operator.
  • For OFDMA, the retransmission occurrences are used to monitor the channel quality of each subchannel. If the retransmission rate or retransmission rate/link quality for a particular subchannel indicates poor quality, that subchannel may be selectively nulled from the OFDM frequency set, ([0017] 64), in order to preclude use of such poor quality subchannels for some future period. If the retransmission rate or retransmission rate/link quality indicates high quality, a previously nulled subchannels may be added back to the OFDM frequency set, (66).
  • Using the retransmission occurrences as a basis for AMC provides a flexibility to match the modulation and coding scheme to the average channel conditions for each user. Additionally, the retransmission rate is insensitive to measurement error and reporting delay from the [0018] subscriber unit 16.
  • The [0019] uplink ARQ 20 is similar in nature to the downlink ARQ 10 and is comprised of a subscriber unit 26 in which packets from a higher layer ARQ transmitter 28 a of the higher layers 28 are transferred to physical layer ARQ transmitter 26 a. The message is transmitted to the base station antenna through switch 26 d, subscriber antenna 25 and air interface 24. The AMC controller, likewise, may vary the modulation and coding scheme using the retransmission statistics of a channel.
  • Physical [0020] layer ARQ receiver 22 a, similar to receiver 16 a of FIG. 1a, determines if the message has an acceptable error rate requiring retransmission. The acknowledgment transmitter reports status to subscriber unit 26, causing the transmitter 26 a to retransmit or alternatively to clear the original message temporarily stored at transmitter 26 a in readiness to receive the next message from the higher layers 28. Successfully received packets are sent to the network 24 for further processing.
  • Although not shown for purposes of simplicity, the system is preferably used for a HSDPA application in a BFWA system, although other implementations may be used. The BFWA system may use frequency division duplex or time division duplex SC-FDE or OFDMA. In such a system, the base station and all of the subscribers are in fixed locations. The system may comprise a base station and a large number of subscriber units. Each subscriber unit may serve multiple users within one building or several neighboring buildings, for example. These applications typically require a large bandwidth due to the large number of end users at one subscriber unit site. [0021]
  • A PHY ARQ deployed in such a system is transparent to the higher layers, such as the medium access controllers (MACs). As a result, PHY ARQ can be used in conjunction with higher layer ARQs, such as [0022] layer 2. In such cases, the PHY ARQ reduces the retransmission overhead of the higher layer ARQs.
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of an N-channel stop and wait architecture for a [0023] PHYARQ 30. The Physical Layer ARQ transmit function 38 may be located at the base station, subscriber unit or both depending on whether downlink, uplink or both PHYARQs are used. Blocks 34 a of data arrive from the network. The network blocks are placed in a queue 34 for transmission over the data channel 41 of the air interface 43. An N-channel sequencer 36 sends data of the blocks sequentially to the N transmitters 40-1 to 40-n. Each transmitter 40-1 to 40-n is associated with a transmit sequence in the data channel 41. Each transmitter 40-1 to 40-n FEC encodes and provides ECS for the block data to produce packets for AMC modulation and transmission in the data channel 41. The FEC encoded/ECS data is stored in a buffer of the transmitter 40-1 to 40-n for possible retransmission. Additionally, control information is sent from the PHYARQ transmitter 38 to synchronize reception, demodulation and decoding at the receivers 46-1 to 46-n.
  • Each of the N receivers [0024] 46-1 to 46-n receives the packet in its associated timeslot. The received packet is sent to a respective hybrid ARQ decoder 50-1 to 50-n (50). The hybrid ARQ decoder 50 determines the error rate, such as BER or BLER, for the received packet. If the packet has an acceptable error rate, it is released to the higher levels for further processing and an ACK is sent by the ACK transmitter 54. If the error rate is unacceptable or no packet was received, no ACK is sent or a NAK is sent. Packets with unacceptable error rates are buffered at the decoder 50 for potential combining with a retransmitted packet.
  • One approach for combining packets using turbo codes is as follows. If a turbo encoded packet is received with an unacceptable error rate, the packet data is retransmitted to facilitate code combining. The packet containing the same data is encoded differently. To decode the packet data, both packets are processed by the turbo decoder to recover the original data. Since the second packet has a different encoding, its soft symbols are mapped to different points in the decoding scheme. Using two packets with different encoding adds coding diversity and transmission diversity to improve the overall BER. In another approach, the identical signal is transmitted. The two received packets are combined using a maximum ratio combining of symbols. The combined signal is subsequently decoded. [0025]
  • The ACK for each receiver [0026] 46-1 to 46-n is sent in a fast feedback channel (FFC) 45. The fast feedback channel 45 is preferably a low latency channel. For a time W division duplex system, the ACKs may be sent in idle periods between upstream and downstream transmissions. The FFC 45 is preferably a low speed, high bandwidth CDMA channel overlaying other in-band transmissions. The FFC CDMA codes and modulations are selected to minimize interference to other in-band transmissions. To increase the capacity of such a FFC 45, multiple codes may be used.
  • The [0027] ACK receiver 56 detects the ACKs and indicates to the corresponding transmitter 40-1 to 40-n whether the ACK was received. If the ACK was not received, the packet is retransmitted. The retransmitted packet may have a different modulation and coding scheme as directed by the AMC controller 12 c, 26 c. If the ACK is received, the transmitter 40-1 to 40-n clears the previous packet from the buffer and accepts a subsequent packet for transmission.
  • The number of transmitters and receivers N is based on various design considerations, such as the channel capacity and ACK response time. For the preferred system previously described, a 2-channel architecture is preferably utilized, with even and odd transmitters and receivers. [0028]
  • The PHY ARQ technique of the preferred embodiment provides a 7 db gain in signal to noise ratio (SNR) as compared to a system using only higher layer ARQ. This occurs by operating at higher block error rates (BLERs) (5-20% BLER) and using smaller block sizes for [0029] layer 1 than is practical with higher layer ARQ alone. The decreased SNR requirement allows for: increased capacityby switching to high order modulation employing an adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) technique; lower customer premise equipment (CPE) costs by using lower grade RF (radio frequency) components with the PHY ARQ compensating for reduced implementation performance; increased downlink range which extends the cell radius; reduced downlink power in the base station (BS) to minimize cell-cell interference; and increased power amplifier (PA) back-off when employing a multi-carrier technique.

Claims (23)

What is claimed is:
1. A subscriber unit implementing physical layer automatic repeat request, comprising:
a transmitter having:
a physical layer transmitter for receiving data, formatting the received data into packets, each packet having a particular encoding/data modulation, transmitting the packets, and retransmitting packets in response to failure to receive a corresponding acknowledgment for a given packet;
an acknowledgment receiver for receiving the corresponding acknowledgment; and
an adaptive modulation and coding controller for collecting retransmission statistics and adjusting the particular data encoding/modulation using the collected statistics; and
a receiver having:
a physical layer receiver for demodulating the packets;
a combiner/decoder for buffering, decoding and detecting packet errors; and
an acknowledgment generator for generating an acknowledgment for each packet if that packet has an acceptable error rate.
2. The subscriber unit of claim 1 wherein the particular encoding/data modulation is forward error correction (FEC).
3. The subscriber unit of claim 2 wherein the packets are transmitted using an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) air interface and the FEC encoding/data modulation adjusting is performed in addition to selective nulling of subchannels in an OFDMA set.
4. The subscriber unit of claim 1 wherein the packets are transmitted using a single carrier having a frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) air interface.
5. The subscriber unit of claim 1 whereby the subscriber unit uses a code division multiple access (CDMA) air interface and wherein the acknowledgments are transmitted on a fast feedback channel.
6. The subscriber unit of claim 1 whereby the acknowledgment generator transmits a negative acknowledgment if any packet has an unacceptable error rate.
7. Physical automatic request repeat apparatus employed by a subscriber unit, comprising:
a transmitter having:
means for receiving data;
means for formatting the received data into packets for transmission, each packet having a particular encoding/data modulation;
means for transmitting the packets;
means for retransmitting a packet, if an acknowledgment for that packet is not received;
means for collecting retransmission statistics; and
means for adjusting each particular data modulation using the collected retransmission statistics; and
a receiver having:
means for receiving packets;
means for decoding and error checking each received packet; and
means for generating an acknowledgment at the physical layer if that received packet has an acceptable error rate.
8. The subscriber unit apparatus of claim 7 wherein the particular encoding/data modulation is forward error correction (FEC).
9. The subscriber unit apparatus of claim 7 wherein the packets are transmitted using an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) air interface and the FEC encoding/data modulation adjusting is performed in addition to selective nulling of subchannels in an OFDMA set.
10. The subscriber unit apparatus of claim 7 wherein the packets are transmitted using a single carrier having frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) air interface.
11. The subscriber unit apparatus of claim 7 wherein the acknowledgments are transmitted using a code division multiple access (CDMA) air interface on a fast feedback channel.
12. The subscriber unit apparatus of claim 7 whereby said whereby said means for generating generates a negative acknowledgment if a packet has an unacceptable error rate.
13. A subscriber unit for supporting broadband wireless communications comprising:
a sequencer having a queue for receiving data blocks from a communication network and for sequentially conveying packets to n transmitters;
n transmitters for transmitting said packets through a data channel;
n receivers for receiving return packets through said data channel; and
n hybrid ARQ decoders, each coupled with one of said n receivers;
whereby said n hybrid ARQ decoders have a feedback channel for transmitting an acknowledgment when a packet having an acceptable error rate has been received, and for releasing packets which have an acceptable error rate.
14. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein said n signal transmitters each temporarily store a packet that has been transmitted in a buffer memory; whereby each of said n transmitters clear the stored packet in readiness for receipt of another block when an acknowledgement signal for the stored packet has been received at one of said n receivers.
15. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein said n transmitters each temporarily store a packet that has been transmitted in a buffer memory; whereby said n transmitters retransmits the packet temporarily stored in its buffer memory when an acknowledgement signal for the stored packet has not been received at one of said n receivers.
16. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein each of said n transmitters clears its buffer memory if an acknowledgement signal is not received after a maximum number of retransmissions.
17. The subscriber unit of claim 16 wherein the maximum number of retransmissions is an operator defined integer having a range from 1 to 8.
18. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein each of said n receivers combine a retransmitted packet with an original transmitted packet to facilitate error correction.
19. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein a transmitter failing to receive an acknowledge signal encodes the packet by employing a different encoding technique from an encoding technique employed in an original transmission of that packet.
20. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein each of the n transmitters employs turbo coding and each of the n decoders employ code combining of an original transmission and a retransmission to facilitate error correction.
21. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein the packets are transmitted using an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) air interface in which frequency subchannels in an OFDMA set may be selectively nulled.
22. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein the packets are transmitted using a single carrier having a frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) air interface.
23. The subscriber unit of claim 13 wherein the acknowledgments are transmitted on a fast feedback channel using a code division multiple access (CDMA) air interface.
US10/085,203 2001-08-24 2002-02-27 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit Abandoned US20030039220A1 (en)

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US10/085,203 US20030039220A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-02-27 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
TW091119057A TWI261984B (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-22 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
TW094129347A TWI315136B (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-22 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
TW092128227A TWI300297B (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-22 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a base station
TW098132003A TW201029378A (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-22 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
TW096146937A TW200843399A (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-22 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
CA2690114A CA2690114A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
EP14171291.9A EP2793409A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
CA2457883A CA2457883C (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
CNB028165667A CN100450066C (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Method for physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
EP10162978.0A EP2214330B1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
KR1020057015261A KR20050098006A (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
JP2003524174A JP4540342B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementation of automatic repeat request for subscriber unit physical layer
AU2002326744A AU2002326744B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
GE5471A GEP20063981B (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
PCT/US2002/026941 WO2003019844A2 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
MYPI20023131A MY137091A (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
MXPA04001738A MXPA04001738A (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit.
BR0212701-6A BR0212701A (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Physical layer auto-repeat request implementation for subscriber unit
ARP020103163A AR036284A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 AN APPLICATION ORDER FOR AUTOMATIC REPETITION, PHYSICAL LAYER, AND A SUBSCRIBER UNIT USING THIS APPLIANCE
AT02761481T ATE470279T1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 EXECUTION OF AN AUTOMATIC REPOST REQUEST IN THE PHYSICAL LOCATION FOR A SUBSCRIBER UNIT
EP02761481A EP1421743B9 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
IL16033002A IL160330A0 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
KR1020047002469A KR100798715B1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
DE60236604T DE60236604D1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 PERFORMANCE OF AN AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST IN THE PHYSICAL LOCATION FOR A PARTICIPATING UNIT
KR1020077020307A KR20070106547A (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
GEAP20029202A GEP20094598B (en) 2001-08-24 2002-08-23 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
IL160330A IL160330A (en) 2001-08-24 2004-02-11 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
NO20040784A NO20040784L (en) 2001-08-24 2004-02-23 Implementation of automatic repetition device in a physical layer for a subscriber unit.
HK05102753.8A HK1070210A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2005-04-01 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit

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US09/939,410 US20030039226A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2001-08-24 Physical layer automatic repeat request (ARQ)
US10/085,203 US20030039220A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-02-27 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit

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US10/084,043 Expired - Fee Related US7672265B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-02-27 Method for physical layer automatic repeat request for a base station
US10/085,187 Expired - Fee Related US7519018B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-02-27 Method for physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
US10/084,414 Expired - Lifetime US7149192B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-02-27 Base station implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request
US10/085,203 Abandoned US20030039220A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-02-27 Implementing a physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
US12/683,711 Expired - Fee Related US8102801B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2010-01-07 User equipment for physical layer automatic repeat request
US13/356,206 Abandoned US20120120928A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2012-01-23 User equipment for physical layer automatic repeat request
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US10/085,187 Expired - Fee Related US7519018B2 (en) 2001-08-24 2002-02-27 Method for physical layer automatic repeat request for a subscriber unit
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US15/614,010 Abandoned US20170272205A1 (en) 2001-08-24 2017-06-05 User equipment for physical layer automatic repeat request

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US7519018B2 (en) 2009-04-14
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ATE503308T1 (en) 2011-04-15
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HK1068426A1 (en) 2005-04-29
ATE526738T1 (en) 2011-10-15
US20030039219A1 (en) 2003-02-27
IL160192A (en) 2010-04-15
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TWI333348B (en) 2010-11-11
AR038784A1 (en) 2005-01-26
WO2003019817A1 (en) 2003-03-06
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AR036285A1 (en) 2004-08-25

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