US1493240A - Surgical bone cutter and extractor - Google Patents

Description

i May 6, 1924. A v 1,493,240.

F. J. BOHN SURGICAL BONE CUTTER AND EXTRACTOR Filed Feb. l5, 1923 Patented May 6, 1924.

UNITED STATES .PATE-Nr lorrifcu.

vr:FRANK J. BOI-IN, 0F BALTIMORE, ,MARYLAND SURGICAL BONE CUTTER AND EXTRAGTOR.

AApplication filed February 15, 1923. Serial No. 619,075.

To all lwhom z5 may concern.'

Be it known thatIVFnANx JLBoHN, a citizen ofthe United States, and a resident of Baltimore, in the county of BaltimoreA and State of' Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Surgical Bone Critters and Extractors, of whichl provide an instrument of this general char-` acter in which the cooperating cutting members-may be readily passed into small passages, as for instance thenose, and manipulated to sever a bone, cartilage or other growth it may be desired to remove, the cutting members giving a shearing cut longitudinally and laterally of the instrument and providing for extracting the severedv portion with the withdrawal of the instrument.

A. further object of my invention is yto provide a cutting implement or surgical instrument which is easily operated and ofthe required strength so that the cutting members or cutting edges thereof will give a clean cut vwhen severing bone or other tissues. v

My invention also contemplates a construction of the instrument whereby the several parts thereof may be readily and conveniently separated for the purpose of sterilization.

Other objects and advantagesA of my invention will hereinafter appear, and what' I claim as ,new kand )desire to protect by Letters-Patent ismore specifically set forth in the appendedclaims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a surgical in- A strument constructed in accordance with my :present invention.

Fig. 2 is av transverse sectional view `on the line 2 2 of Figgl.

Fig. -3 is a sectional of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view through the instrument.

Fig. 5 is an enlargedy view of a modifica-k tion, showing thevfpreferred manner of conview on the line S--B structing the barrel carrying one ofthe cutting members. i L

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail View of) the vrod Working in the barrel and ,carryingy the other cutting member. 4

Figs. 7 and 8 are detail views'showing the cutting members of the parts shown, in Figs. 5 and 6.

Fig. 9 is a -rear view of the cutting imple-'i'v ment, and

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the rear end of the implement.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures lof the drawings.

In carrying out my invention I provide a body portion 11 bored longitudinallyy at its center to receive a rotatable barrel, here`` inafter described, and formed near 'its rear end at opposite sides with lateral extensions recessed horizontally to provide pairs of ears 12 12, said ears being preferably locatedi'mmediately below the planeof the longitudip nal center of said body vportion to give anr unobstructed view along the upper part of vthe instrument. Between the ears and extending rearwardly therefrom "are, pivoted handles 13 y13, being curved downwardly preferablyat the angle shown in the ydrawings, said handles vbeing reduced in `thickness at their inner ends, as at 13a, for pivotal connection with the ears, and arev movable towards each other for operation of the parts of the instrument which carrythe 'cutting members.

'longitudinal bore -of the body portion, lit-` ting closely therein and extending a `suitable distance from the forward end thereof to f lgive the required length for convenientopsov The handles may be held vnormally separated kby springs 26 26 seated ico eration of the implement, `one of the cutting members, as 16,A being located at' the fouter end of the'barrel. place against longitudinal movementy in the body portion by shoulder 17v `and collar 18 at front and rear ends respectively of said The barrel is held vin body portion, the collar being .sweated on or otherwisev attached and .provided with. :an

integral member, as ear 18a, for connecting thereto the means, such as hereinafter described, by which the aforesaid barrel is turned upon the manipulation of one of the handles.

Extending longitudinally through ythe barrel 15 and independently rotatable there in is a rod or stem 19 having at its outer end a cutting member 20 operable within the cutting member 16 to cooperate therewith, for which purpose this member 20 has a cutting edge 2Oa opposing the cutting edge 16a and having a sliding motion thereunder. The rod extends slightly beyond the rear `end of the barrel to receive a cellar 21 with an integral member or ear 21EL for connecting thereto the means for turning said rod yupon the manipulation Yof the other handle than that operating the barrel, the collar being keyed on the rod by fitting the opposite flattened sides of the reduced end 19 of the latter and is held in place thereon. by

a nut 22. For convenience in removing the nut and collar to permit the rod to be withdrawn 'from the barrel by drawing it out of the forward end thereof the nut is in the form of a knurled button and is more securely locked on the rod by a pin threadr ed in registering key slots or groei/'es in .the meeting surfaces of the button and rod. As will be noted by reference to the drawings the cuttingmenibers 16 and 20 at the outer -end of the barrel and rod respectively are semi-cylindrical in cross-section, one, as 20,

, being of slightly less diameter than the other, 16,v to work closely therein, and in their normal position the cooperating' cutting edges thereof diverge forwardly, after thek manner of the blades of a pair of scissors to give a shearing cut when said rotatable members are operated, and the forward ends of both members may be curved inwardly to a more or less extent te provide a transverse cut at the end of the stroke; for instance the ends may becurved inward only slightly, as shown in Figs. 1 and l, or to a greaterV extent as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Furthermore any vdesired kshape may be given to the main cutting edges instead of having them straight as shown in the ings,`

For turning the barrel 15 and rod 19 in opposite directions, for the cutting operation, by the-manipulation of the handles 13 v13 one of said handles is connected to the ear 18a projecting from the barrel or collar thereof by a link 24, and the other handle is likewise vconnected y a link, 2', to the ear 21a projecting from the `collar on the rod, saidv links being pivoted to said handles as well as to the ears on said barrel and rod and yare cut away at their upper as shown so that the collars willnot interfere with their swinging movement", being received inthe recesses when the handles are closed. In order that one handle only may are gripped lightly to leave them separated the cuttino' edges of the semi-circular members 16 and l20 at the outer end of barrel and rod are likewise separated ready for cutting, and for making an operation, for instance in the nasal passage, the outer end of the implement is inserted therein to locate the part of the bone or other growth to be removed between said cutting edges, and the bone may be now severed by pressing connecting` links 24, and 25 to rotate the barrel and rod in opposite directions corre spondingly rotating the cutting` members 16 and 2O to make the cut. riflie part of the bone which is removed drops into the semi- .the handles towards each other causing the circular cutting members and being` en- -i closed therein will be removed with the implement by retaining the grip on the handles tov maintain said members closed. 1n effecting the operation the surgeon has clear unobstructedV viewv into the nasalv passage -along the barrel, and

the body portion of the implen'ient being` below the center of the rear portion of the barrel will not interfere with the view. It may be here mentioned that the vparticular construction of the implement provides not only for cutting through hard bone as well as softer growths but also effects a clean cut, an important consideration in surgical operations.

The cutting edges may be any of a variety ofshapes, as hereinbefore stated, according to thenature of the operation to be performed, and consequently it will become customary for the surgeon to keep several implements at hand each having a different size cutting head and cutting edges of a particular shape. However, instead of several complete implements to provide for different operations it may be found more practicable and economical to only provide several sets of barrels and rods for substitution in a single body portion carrying the operating handles, inasmuch as the barrel and rod are removable from said body portion and collars 18 and 21 by simply removing the pin 28 and nut 22; but in this instance the collar 18.would have to be removably attached to the inner end ofthe barrel 15 (accomplished in any well known manner) instead of beingsweated on as hereinbefore mentioned. This construction for separating the barrel and rod'from each other and from the'body portion will also' provide-.for more readily and thoroughly cleaning the several parts and sterilizing the sa-me. 0n the other hand it may be found desirable -to connect the barrel Ito the body portion permanently with a closejoint .at the ends of said body portion between it and the collars 17 and 18.

In Fig. `5 I have shown a modification which consists in making the barrel composite, that is of two metals, the inner portion or body 30 being of vMonel metal with thev forward end portion thereof covered by a shell or sleeve 29 of vhardened steel to provide a tempered steel cutting mem-ber 16 for said barrel, the body portion terminating at the inner end ofthe cutting member. The sleeve or steel shell may be extended inward any suitable distance, but as shown is extended suliiciently to provide the shoulder 17 which fits against the outer end of the body portion of the implement as hereinbefore described. Furthermore, this body portion of the barrel may have the collar 18b carrying the pivot-ear 18c formed integrally therewith, as indicated in said Fig. 5, said collar and aforementioned shoulder on the shell corresponding with collar 18 and shoulder 17 in Fig.' 4, for receiving the body portion of the implement between them. Vith this construction of barrel it is connected to the body portion of the implement by iirst inserting the body portion 30 of the barrel into the body portion 11 of the implement to bring kthe collar 18b against' said body portion 11 and then the sleeve or shell is slipped on to the body portion 30 until the shoulder 17 fits against the forward end of body portion 11, after which the lparts may be sweated together. It may be desirable to taper the body portion 30 towards its outer end and correspondingly taper the interior of the shell. By forming the barrel in this manner the bore through the same to receive the rod 19 will not rust and therefore can be kept clean and more sanitary than when the barrel is made of solid steel as indicated in Fig. 11.

As the rod 19 is assembled within the barrel 15 by sliding it into the same from the forward end thereof it is necessary to provide said rod with a longitudinal groove 19b at one side from front to near the rear if the outer end of the cutting member on the companion barrel is turned in, as at 291 (Figs. 7 and Si at the outer edge of the cutting edge 29a, whereby in assembling the parts said inturned end 29h will take into the groove 19b and follow along the same as the rod is pushed into place.

; structionmaybechanged as to the details Before stating the-ciaimsupon which I lbase my .claims-for patent'protection attention may be drawn to the fact that the gen- V)eral construction ofztheimp'lement may be modified.toy atmore orless extent, 'for in- 70 stance by leaving off either: the spring lseparating the handles or the .finger ring which assists in.l gripping said handles, 'orx leaving off both the spring andgrinfo" andthe con- ,.75 or individual parts of the ,implementrbeyond the changes herein shown u and :idescribed, -i-n so far `as the appended l. claims v maycontemplate such chan-ges.

.I Claim: .y a380 1. A 4surgical instrument comprising a bodyr port-iony form-ing a supporting member, a barrel rotatably supported by said'body portion. and having an edged cuting member at-its outerl end, a rod supported for vfinde-*85 pendent rotation with respect tol the barrel and hav-ing an .edged cutting-'member cooperating with the cutting member on the vconnected to the barrel and rod foryturning the same,-and meansffor locking one of the rotatable parts to the body portion.

3. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion formi-ng a supporting member, av barrel rotatably supported by said body port-ion' and having a se1ni-cylindrical memberat its outer end with astraight cutting edge extending at anangle to the axis of the barrel, afrod rotatable with-respect toR the barrel and having a semi-cylindrical cutting member with `an edge cooperating ywith the cutting edge of the member .on the barrely to provide a shearing cut, vand means carried by the body portion and connected .toliu lthe rotatable .partsl for turning the same.

t.. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion form-ing ag supporting member, a barrel rotatably lsupported by said vbody portion and :having a cutting member with a straight longitudinal cutting edge extended `inwardat :its outer end, a rod rotatable within :the barrel andhaving a cutting member rotatable within theaforesaid cutting ymember. with a straight cutting edge and inward extension cooperating with the corresponding cutting edges of the member carried by the barrel, and means carried by the body portion and connected to the rotatable parts for turning the same.

.combining to provide a closed receptacle receiving the part severed by the cutting' edges, and means for turning'the barrel and rod one upon the other. y

6. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion forming a supportingmember, a barrel supported by said body portion and having a semi-cylindrical member at its outer end With a cutting edge at one side ext-ended inwardly at the outer end of said member, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having a groove at one side for the passage of the inturned end of the cutting edge on the barrel in assembling' the parts, and a semi-cylindrical member on the rod rotatable Within the corresponding member on the barrel and having an edge cooperating With the Aaforesaid cutting edges; together with means for turning the rod within the barrel.

7. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion, handles pivoted thereto and normally separated from each other, a barrel supported by said body portion and having au edged cuttingl member at its outer end, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having an edged cutting member cooperating with the aforesaid cutting member of the barrel, a pivot-ear projecting from 'the rod, and a link pivoted to one of the handles and to said pivot-ear for turning the rod.

8. A surgical .instrument comprising a body portion, handles pivoted thereto and normally separated from each other With a spring for separating the same, a 'barrel rotatable Within the body portion and having an ear projecting therefrom, said barrel alsok provided with an edged cutting member at its outer end, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having an edged cutting member cooperating With the aforesaid `cutting member of the barrel, a. pivot-ear projecting from the rod, a link pivoted tol one of the handles and to the pivot-ear on the barrel, and a link pivoted to the bther handle and to the pivot-ear on the rod, for operating the barrel and rod, respectively, by manipulation of the handles.

9. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion, handles pivoted thereto and normally separated from each other, a barrel rotatable Within the body portion and having an ear projectingtherefrom and an f Vcutting member at its outer end cooperating with the aforesaid cutting member of the barrel, links pivoted to the handles and to the pivot-ears, respectively, for operating the barrel and rod in opposite directions by manipulation of said handles, and means for locking one of the handles against movement.

l0. A. surgical instrument comprising a body portion having handles pivoted thereto and projecting rearwardly therefrom, a composite barrel supported by the body portion and comprising a body portion of Monel metal and an outer sleeve of steel, the latter having an edged cutting member formed at its outer end, a rod rotatable Within the composite barrel and having an edged cutting member cooperating With the aforesaid cutting member, and means connected to one of the handles 'and to the rod for turning the latter.

ll. A surgical instrument comprising a body portion, having handles pivoted thereto at opposite sides thereof to extend rearwardly for movement towards and from each other, a barrel rotatable within the body portion and having an edged cutting member at its outer end, a collar fixed on the rear end of the barrel at the rear end of said body portion and having a pivot-ear, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having an edged cutting member at its outer end cooperating with the aforesaid cutting member on the barrel, a collar With a pivot-ear fixed on the rear end of the rod, and a nut threaded on the rod to hold said collar in lfixed position, together with a link pivoted to one ofthe handles and to the pivot-ear carried by the barrel, and a link pivoted to the other handle and to the pivot ear carried by the rod, for turning the barrel and rod in opposite directions upon manipulation of the handles.

' 12. A surgical instrument comprising a bodyiportion and barrel the latter having a cutting member at its outer end, a rod rotatable Within the barrel and having a cutting member cooperating with the aforesaid cutting member, handles pivoted to the body portion and connected to the barrel and rod for turning the same, and handles having pockets at the loWer ends of the same,.and a spring for separating the handles having terminals seated Within the pockets.

FRANK J. BOHN.

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