EP1798739A2 - Cable - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1798739A2
EP1798739A2 EP06026098A EP06026098A EP1798739A2 EP 1798739 A2 EP1798739 A2 EP 1798739A2 EP 06026098 A EP06026098 A EP 06026098A EP 06026098 A EP06026098 A EP 06026098A EP 1798739 A2 EP1798739 A2 EP 1798739A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
dielectric
layer
conductive
conductive layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06026098A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1798739B1 (en
EP1798739A3 (en
Inventor
Dieter Klotz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Klotz Audio Interface Systems AIS GmbH
Original Assignee
Klotz Audio Interface Systems AIS GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Klotz Audio Interface Systems AIS GmbH filed Critical Klotz Audio Interface Systems AIS GmbH
Publication of EP1798739A2 publication Critical patent/EP1798739A2/en
Publication of EP1798739A3 publication Critical patent/EP1798739A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1798739B1 publication Critical patent/EP1798739B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1808—Construction of the conductors
    • H01B11/1821—Co-axial cables with at least one wire-wound conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/38—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for facilitating removal of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/12—Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cable, in particular an audio cable, with an inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a conductive layer surrounding the dielectric.
  • Instrument cables (and measuring leads and the like.) are usually unbalanced lines with a coaxial structure.
  • a typical instrument cable comprises, as viewed from the outside in, an outer sheath of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a copper helical shield or copper braid, a conductive plastic layer of conductive PVC or polyethylene (PE), a dielectric (conductor insulation) of solid or foamed polyolefins (PE or PP) and a copper inner conductor.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PE polyethylene
  • dielectric conductor insulation
  • PE or PP polyolefins
  • microfonie By using it as a connecting cable between high-impedance devices (inductive sensors and high-impedance amplifiers), "microfonie” appears as a disturbance component. This term refers to sounds that are audible when the cable moves in the form of crashes and crackles. Microphone can also be expressed in terms of values, with a higher value indicating poorer noise behavior and a lower value indicating better noise performance.
  • a conductive layer is applied as a shield over the inner conductor directly surrounding dielectric in the conventional manufacturing in the interior of the cable, such as in the EP 0 260 373 A2 shown.
  • the conductivity of this screen significantly influences the microphone: the higher the conductivity, the lower the microphone.
  • the conductive layer becomes usually made of electrically conductive PE or PVC. PE has a 100 times higher conductivity than PVC, so from this point of view PE should always be preferred to PVC.
  • the bonding of the conductive layer to the dielectric surrounding the inner conductor is problematic. If, for example, a dielectric without foaming is used, the separation of the conductive layer from the dielectric, which is necessary for further processing, usually results in the tearing off of the latter. In a foamed dielectric, such as from the US 5 523 528 As is known, it is impossible to separate the conductive layer from the dielectric. Only the use of an applied between the two components release agent (eg graphite), such as in the U.S. 4,678,865 suggested, can remedy this situation. However, release agents generally have the disadvantage that they contribute significantly to the deterioration of the microphone performance of a cable.
  • release agent eg graphite
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a cable with improved microphone performance while avoiding the disadvantages described above.
  • a cable of the aforementioned type is proposed in which a separating layer is interposed between the dielectric and the conductive layer. It has been shown that with this novel cable construction a processing and microphone performance can be achieved, which is not achievable with conventionally constructed cables. Therefore, due to the insertion of the additional layer more expensive production can be accepted.
  • the separation layer is electrically nonconductive.
  • a material for the release layer is particularly suitable PVC.
  • the dielectric preferably consists of solid or foamed polyolefins, in particular PE or PP. Such a conductor insulation ensures good capacitance values.
  • the preferred embodiment further provides a conductive layer of electrically conductive PE.
  • a PE layer has a relatively high conductivity, that is, the electrical resistance of a layer of conductive PE is significantly lower compared to a layer of conductive PVC.
  • the cable shown in the figure is a coaxially constructed audio cable with a copper strand as the inner conductor 10.
  • the inner conductor 10 is surrounded by a dielectric 12 of cell PP, which serves to insulate the inner conductor 10.
  • the dielectric 12 is in turn surrounded by a conductive layer 14 of PE with a very high conductivity.
  • This layer 16 serves mechanically as a separation layer and electrically as a dielectric, i. it is electrically non-conductive.
  • the release layer 16 is made of PVC.
  • the cable further comprises a conductive layer 14 surrounding copper helical shield 18 and an outer sheath 20 made of PVC.
  • a cable of this construction shows a significant improvement in microphone performance compared to conventional audio cables, providing for separation of the dielectric 12 from the conductive layer 14, which allows easy stripping of the cable.
  • the invention is not limited to the example of an audio cable.
  • the structure according to the invention is also suitable for cables in other applications in which microphonic or similar effects are to be eliminated.

Abstract

Coaxial cable, especially an audio cable, with inner conductor (10) surrounded by dielectric (12), conducting layer (14) surrounding the dielectric with a separating layer (16) between the dielectric and conducting layer (14).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kabel, insbesondere ein Audiokabel, mit einem von einem Dielektrikum umgebenen Innenleiter und einer das Dielektrikum umgebenden Leitschicht.The invention relates to a cable, in particular an audio cable, with an inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a conductive layer surrounding the dielectric.

Instrumentenkabel (sowie Meßleitungen und dergl.) sind üblicherweise unsymmetrische Leitungen mit einem koaxialen Aufbau. Ein typisches Instrumentenkabel umfaßt - von außen nach innen betrachtet - einen Außenmantel aus Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), einen Kupfer-Wendelschirm oder ein Kupfergeflecht, eine leitfähige Kunststoffschicht aus leitfähigem PVC oder Polyethylen (PE), ein Dielektrikum (Leiterisolation) aus Voll- oder geschäumten Polyolefinen (PE oder PP) und einen Kupfer-Innenleiter. Für die elektrische Qualität eines solchen Kabels sind die Werte für den Leiterwiderstand und die Kapazität (Leiter/Schirm) von Bedeutung. Durch den Einsatz als Verbindungsleitung zwischen hochohmigen Geräten (induktive Sensoren und hochohmige Verstärker) tritt als Störkomponente "Mikrofonie" auf. Unter diesem Begriff versteht man Geräusche, die bei Bewegung des Kabels in Form von Krachen und Knistern hörbar sind. Mikrofonie kann ebenfalls in Werten angegeben werden, wobei ein höherer Wert für ein schlechteres Störverhalten und ein niedrigerer Wert für ein besseres Störverhalten steht.Instrument cables (and measuring leads and the like.) Are usually unbalanced lines with a coaxial structure. A typical instrument cable comprises, as viewed from the outside in, an outer sheath of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a copper helical shield or copper braid, a conductive plastic layer of conductive PVC or polyethylene (PE), a dielectric (conductor insulation) of solid or foamed polyolefins (PE or PP) and a copper inner conductor. For the electrical quality of such a cable, the values for the conductor resistance and the capacitance (conductor / shield) are important. By using it as a connecting cable between high-impedance devices (inductive sensors and high-impedance amplifiers), "microfonie" appears as a disturbance component. This term refers to sounds that are audible when the cable moves in the form of crashes and crackles. Microphone can also be expressed in terms of values, with a higher value indicating poorer noise behavior and a lower value indicating better noise performance.

Zur Eindämmung von Mikrofonie wird bei der herkömmlichen Fertigung im Inneren des Kabels eine Leitschicht als ein Schirm über das den Innenleiter unmittelbar umgebende Dielektrikum angebracht, wie z.B. in der EP 0 260 373 A2 gezeigt. Die Leitfähigkeit dieses Schirms beeinflußt die Mikrofonie maßgeblich: je höher die Leitfähigkeit, desto geringer die Mikrofonie. Die Leitschicht wird üblicherweise aus elektrisch leitfähigem PE oder PVC gebildet. PE weist eine 100-fach höhere Leitfähigkeit auf als PVC, so daß unter diesem Gesichtspunkt PE grundsätzlich PVC vorzuziehen wäre.To contain microfonia, a conductive layer is applied as a shield over the inner conductor directly surrounding dielectric in the conventional manufacturing in the interior of the cable, such as in the EP 0 260 373 A2 shown. The conductivity of this screen significantly influences the microphone: the higher the conductivity, the lower the microphone. The conductive layer becomes usually made of electrically conductive PE or PVC. PE has a 100 times higher conductivity than PVC, so from this point of view PE should always be preferred to PVC.

Problematisch ist jedoch das Verkleben der Leitschicht mit dem den Innenleiter umgebenden Dielektrikum. Wird z.B. ein Dielektrikum ohne Schäumung verwendet, so führt die zur Weiterverarbeitung notwendige Trennung der Leitschicht vom Dielektrikum in der Regel zum Abreißen des letzteren. Bei einem geschäumten Dielektrikum, wie beispielsweise aus der US 5 523 528 bekannt, ist es gar unmöglich die Leitschicht vom Dielektrikum zu trennen. Einzig die Verwendung eines zwischen den beiden Komponenten aufgebrachten Trennmittels (z.B. Graphit), wie etwa in der US 4 678 865 vorgeschlagen, kann in diesem Fall Abhilfe schaffen. Trennmittel haben aber wiederum allgemein den Nachteil, daß sie erheblich zur Verschlechterung des Mikrofonieverhaltens eines Kabels beitragen.However, the bonding of the conductive layer to the dielectric surrounding the inner conductor is problematic. If, for example, a dielectric without foaming is used, the separation of the conductive layer from the dielectric, which is necessary for further processing, usually results in the tearing off of the latter. In a foamed dielectric, such as from the US 5 523 528 As is known, it is impossible to separate the conductive layer from the dielectric. Only the use of an applied between the two components release agent (eg graphite), such as in the U.S. 4,678,865 suggested, can remedy this situation. However, release agents generally have the disadvantage that they contribute significantly to the deterioration of the microphone performance of a cable.

Die herkömmliche Kabelfertigung versucht deshalb, diesem Problem mit einer Leitschicht aus PVC zu begegnen, die sich aber nicht mit dem Dielektrikum aus Polyolefinen verbindet. Die daraus resultierende schlechtere Leitfähigkeit schafft eine erhöhte Mikrofonie.Conventional cable manufacture, therefore, attempts to address this problem with a conductive PVC layer that does not bond with the polyolefin dielectric. The resulting poorer conductivity creates increased microphony.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Kabel mit verbessertem Mikrofonieverhalten unter Vermeidung der oben geschilderten Nachteile zu schaffen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a cable with improved microphone performance while avoiding the disadvantages described above.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Kabel der eingangs genannten Art vorgeschlagen, bei dem zwischen dem Dielektrikum und der Leitschicht eine Trennschicht eingefügt ist. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit dieser neuartigen Kabelkonstruktion ein Verarbeitungs- und Mikrofonieverhalten erzielt werden kann, das mit herkömmlich aufgebauten Kabeln nicht erreichbar ist. Deshalb kann eine durch die Einfügung der zusätzlichen Schicht bedingte aufwendigere Herstellung in Kauf genommen werden.To solve this problem, a cable of the aforementioned type is proposed in which a separating layer is interposed between the dielectric and the conductive layer. It has been shown that with this novel cable construction a processing and microphone performance can be achieved, which is not achievable with conventionally constructed cables. Therefore, due to the insertion of the additional layer more expensive production can be accepted.

Gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Trennschicht elektrisch nicht leitfähig. Als Material für die Trennschicht eignet sich insbesondere PVC.According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the separation layer is electrically nonconductive. As a material for the release layer is particularly suitable PVC.

Das Dielektrikum besteht vorzugsweise aus Voll- oder geschäumten Polyolefinen, insbesondere PE oder PP. Eine solche Leiterisolation sorgt für gute Kapazitätswerte.The dielectric preferably consists of solid or foamed polyolefins, in particular PE or PP. Such a conductor insulation ensures good capacitance values.

Die bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht ferner eine Leitschicht aus elektrisch leitfähigem PE vor. Eine solche PE-Schicht weist eine relativ hohe Leitfähigkeit auf, d.h. im Vergleich zu einer Schicht aus leitfähigem PVC ist der elektrische Widerstand einer Schicht aus leitfähigem PE deutlich niedriger.The preferred embodiment further provides a conductive layer of electrically conductive PE. Such a PE layer has a relatively high conductivity, that is, the electrical resistance of a layer of conductive PE is significantly lower compared to a layer of conductive PVC.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigt die einzige Figur eine perspektivische Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Kabels mit absatzweise entfernten Schichten.The invention will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing, the single figure shows a perspective side view of a cable according to the invention with strata removed layers.

Das in der Figur dargestellte Kabel ist ein koaxial aufgebautes Audiokabel mit einer Kupferlitze als Innenleiter 10. Der Innenleiter 10 ist von einem Dielektrikum 12 aus Zell-PP umgeben, das zur Isolation des Innenleiters 10 dient. Das Dielektrikum 12 ist wiederum umgeben von einer Leitschicht 14 aus PE mit einer sehr hohen Leitfähigkeit.The cable shown in the figure is a coaxially constructed audio cable with a copper strand as the inner conductor 10. The inner conductor 10 is surrounded by a dielectric 12 of cell PP, which serves to insulate the inner conductor 10. The dielectric 12 is in turn surrounded by a conductive layer 14 of PE with a very high conductivity.

Zwischen das Dielektrikum 12 und die Leitschicht 14 ist eine zusätzliche Schicht 16 eingefügt. Diese Schicht 16 dient mechanisch als Trennschicht und elektrisch als Dielektrikum, d.h. sie ist elektrisch nicht leitfähig. Bei der dargestellten bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die Trennschicht 16 aus PVC.Between the dielectric 12 and the conductive layer 14, an additional layer 16 is inserted. This layer 16 serves mechanically as a separation layer and electrically as a dielectric, i. it is electrically non-conductive. In the illustrated preferred embodiment, the release layer 16 is made of PVC.

Das Kabel weist ferner einen die Leitschicht 14 umgebenden Kupfer-Wendelschirm 18 und einen Außenmantel 20 aus PVC auf.The cable further comprises a conductive layer 14 surrounding copper helical shield 18 and an outer sheath 20 made of PVC.

Ein Kabel mit diesem Aufbau zeigt gegenüber herkömmlichen Audiokabeln ein erheblich verbessertes Mikrofonieverhalten, wobei für eine Trennung des Dielektrikums 12 von der Leitschicht 14 gesorgt ist, die eine problemlose Abisolierung des Kabels ermöglicht.A cable of this construction shows a significant improvement in microphone performance compared to conventional audio cables, providing for separation of the dielectric 12 from the conductive layer 14, which allows easy stripping of the cable.

Die Erfindung beschränkt sich aber nicht auf das Beispiel eines Audiokabels. Der erfindungsgemäße Aufbau eignet sich auch für Kabel in anderen Einsatzbereichen, in denen Mikrofonie oder ähnliche Effekte eliminiert werden sollen.However, the invention is not limited to the example of an audio cable. The structure according to the invention is also suitable for cables in other applications in which microphonic or similar effects are to be eliminated.

Claims (7)

Kabel, insbesondere Audiokabel, mit einem von einem Dielektrikum (12) umgebenen Innenleiter (10) und einer das Dielektrikum (12) umgebenden Leitschicht (14), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Dielektrikum (12) und der Leitschicht (14) eine Trennschicht (16) eingefügt ist.Cable, in particular audio cable, with an inner conductor (10) surrounded by a dielectric (12) and a conductive layer (14) surrounding the dielectric (12), characterized in that between the dielectric (12) and the conductive layer (14) a separating layer (12) 16) is inserted. Kabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennschicht (16) elektrisch nicht leitfähig ist.Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating layer (16) is electrically non-conductive. Kabel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trennschicht (16) aus Polyvinylchlorid besteht.Cable according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separating layer (16) consists of polyvinyl chloride. Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dielektrikum (12) aus Voll- oder geschäumten Polyolefinen besteht.Cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dielectric (12) consists of solid or foamed polyolefins. Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitschicht (14) aus elektrisch leitfähigem Polyethylen besteht.Cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductive layer (14) consists of electrically conductive polyethylene. Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitschicht (14) von einem Wendelschirm (18) oder einem Geflechtschirm und einem Außenmantel (20) umgeben ist.Cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conductive layer (14) is surrounded by a helical shield (18) or a braid shield and an outer sheath (20). Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kabel koaxial aufgebaut ist.Cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cable is constructed coaxially.
EP06026098A 2005-12-16 2006-12-15 Audio cable Active EP1798739B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202005019690U DE202005019690U1 (en) 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 electric wire

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1798739A2 true EP1798739A2 (en) 2007-06-20
EP1798739A3 EP1798739A3 (en) 2009-07-22
EP1798739B1 EP1798739B1 (en) 2012-06-20

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ID=36002140

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EP06026098A Active EP1798739B1 (en) 2005-12-16 2006-12-15 Audio cable

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US (1) US7420123B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1798739B1 (en)
DE (1) DE202005019690U1 (en)

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US8194893B1 (en) 2007-09-28 2012-06-05 Lewis Peter G Wired in-ear monitor system
US7544894B2 (en) * 2007-10-29 2009-06-09 Jay Victor Cable structure
WO2013160493A1 (en) * 2012-04-25 2013-10-31 TORIBIO CANTERO, José Antonio Electric cable for transmitting analog and/or digital signals
DE112014003896T5 (en) * 2013-08-26 2016-06-09 Yazaki Corporation Shielded cable and wiring harness
US9672958B2 (en) * 2015-05-19 2017-06-06 Te Connectivity Corporation Electrical cable with shielded conductors

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US4059724A (en) 1975-03-22 1977-11-22 Homare Ide Shield wire
FR2712115A1 (en) 1993-11-05 1995-05-12 Filotex Sa Screened cable, having a low level of noise and a high service temperature

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4059724A (en) 1975-03-22 1977-11-22 Homare Ide Shield wire
FR2712115A1 (en) 1993-11-05 1995-05-12 Filotex Sa Screened cable, having a low level of noise and a high service temperature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1798739B1 (en) 2012-06-20
DE202005019690U1 (en) 2006-02-16
US20070137880A1 (en) 2007-06-21
EP1798739A3 (en) 2009-07-22
US7420123B2 (en) 2008-09-02

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