EP0022207A1 - Method of manufacturing high tension insulation and method of insulating an electric coil using this insulation - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing high tension insulation and method of insulating an electric coil using this insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022207A1
EP0022207A1 EP80103515A EP80103515A EP0022207A1 EP 0022207 A1 EP0022207 A1 EP 0022207A1 EP 80103515 A EP80103515 A EP 80103515A EP 80103515 A EP80103515 A EP 80103515A EP 0022207 A1 EP0022207 A1 EP 0022207A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulation
cellulose
fiber
oriented
insulated
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Granted
Application number
EP80103515A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0022207B1 (en
Inventor
Theodor Dr. Wörner
Dieter Dlugosch
Hermann Dipl.-Phys. Kabs
Erwin Müller
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Cessione weidmann AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP0022207A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022207A1/en
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Publication of EP0022207B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022207B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/12—Insulating of windings
    • H01F41/125—Other insulating structures; Insulating between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F5/00—Coils
    • H01F5/06—Insulation of windings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to high-voltage insulation based on cellulose fibers, in particular for electrical coils, and to methods for producing the high-voltage insulation.
  • high-voltage insulation in particular for current transformers, which consists at least partially of fibers which are matted into one another.
  • adhesives are expediently added.
  • the high-voltage insulation is applied to the winding to be insulated in a casting or screen casting process, dried and, if necessary, pressed and impregnated with an insulating liquid.
  • the high-voltage insulation consisting of interwoven fibers can also be produced by applying moist, preferably uncompressed, fiber strips or pieces, which are optionally laminated to a base, in one or more layers on the winding to be insulated and then dehumidified in the pressed state ( DE-OS 1 490 909). With such insulation made of felted fibers, the fibers stand in any direction, for example also upwards. The insulation obtained in this way is of poor electrical quality. Breakthrough mainly occurs.
  • the invention has for its object to find a high-voltage insulation, in particular for electrical coils, and a method for producing the high-voltage insulation that does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and leads to mechanically stable, fault-free high-voltage insulation with excellent electrical properties in shorter processing times.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with a coating of layers of fiber-oriented cellulose that can no longer be separated. It turned out to be particularly favorable if the cellulose was oriented in one area. According to a particularly favorable embodiment, the fibers lie only in planes, perpendicular to the electrical stress (equipotential surfaces).
  • the fiber-oriented cellulose is applied wet and dried before being subjected to electrical stress.
  • the insulation is homogeneous and gap-free and shows no electrical discharge.
  • the electrical dielectric strength is particularly high. With insulation according to the invention, even difficult geometries can be simulated relatively easily and with high dimensional accuracy.
  • the wet, fiber-oriented cellulose is referred to below as "wet substance".
  • the wet material is layered from thin individual layers, the individual layer being between 0.10 and 0.20 mm, preferably 0.15 mm thick.
  • the layering of the insulation is carried out up to a total thickness which is necessary for the required thickness of the dry insulation.
  • the stratification can also be replaced by dividing a thick layer of the wet material.
  • the solids content of the wet substance should not exceed 20%; the rest is water.
  • the moisture is removed from the "wet substance" under pressure. This can be done with unhindered steam exchange at temperatures between 70 ° C and 90 ° C, preferably 80 ° C.
  • the fiber-oriented cellulose binds during drying without the addition of glue.
  • the shrinkage caused by the loss of moisture during drying (up to 50%) must be taken into account when applying the "NaBstoff".
  • a moisture-permeable, stretch-elastic fabric, preferably a rubber fabric or a stretch-elastic plastic filament (Lycra®) is applied to form the remaining coil contours and to mechanically compress the "wet substance" and to achieve the required dimensional accuracy of the respective coil geometry.
  • the method according to the invention is not only simpler than the expensive bandage insulation, but it also allows insulation in a shorter time.
  • Insulation according to the invention is suitable for isolating electrical coils from high voltage in transformers and converters and also from lines in high-voltage devices.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 which show fully insulated coils 3 of heating transformers for X-ray devices, 1 denotes the expanding mandrel and 2 the limit gauge. 4 is the coating according to the invention.
  • a jigsaw is used to cut 20 x 240 mm strips out of layered sheets of fiber-oriented cellulose.
  • the stripes are on 1 mm thick and placed in water for about 3 minutes before processing.
  • the coil of a heating transformer for X-ray devices is wrapped with the wet substance strips prepared in this way. Then it is bandaged in two layers with an elastic bandage (Lycra® fabric). The first layer is applied with a light pull, the second with a firm pull. Then an expanding mandrel is inserted, a limit gauge is attached from each side and the expanding mandrel is turned up to the limit diameter of the gauges.
  • the coil is then left to dry in a forced air oven at approx. 80 ° C for 24 hours. After cooling, the expanding mandrel is removed and the bandages are removed. The working time required for the insulation of the coil is approx. 1/2 hour.

Abstract

1. A process for the production of a high voltage insulation by coating a body which is to be insulated with layers of cellulose fibre which are no longer separable in such manner that these layers represent equipotential surfaces, characterized in that the body to be insulated which is covered with the wet, fibre-oriented cellulose, is covered with at least one layer of a moisture-permeable, elastically, stretchable fabric and is dried using devices which additionally ensure the prescribed geometry of the body.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hochspannungsisolierung auf der Grundlage von Cellulosefasern, insbesondere für elektrische Spulen und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Hochspannungsisolierung.The invention relates to high-voltage insulation based on cellulose fibers, in particular for electrical coils, and to methods for producing the high-voltage insulation.

Spulen werden bislang isoliert, indem sie mit Isolierpapierstreifen von Hand bandagiert werden. Dieses Bandagierverfahren ist sehr zeitintensiv. Zusätzlich müssen die Enden der Papierstreifen und kritische Stellen an der Spule verleimt werden, um ein Lockern der Papierstreifen zu verhindern. Durch die Leimeinschlüsse und Luftspalte wird aber die elektrische Durchschlagsfestigkeit ungünstig beeinflußt. Leimschicht und Luftspalte sind besonders teilentladungsgefährdete Be- reiche in der Gesamtisolation. Es muß deshalb eine größere Isolationsschichtdicke aufgebracht werden, um die Spannungsbeanspruchung herabzusetzen. Die größere Schichtdicke wirkt sich vor allem bei begrenzter Spulengeometrie nachteilig aus.So far, coils have been isolated by hand taping them with strips of insulating paper. This bandaging process is very time-consuming. In addition, the ends of the paper strips and critical points on the spool must be glued to prevent the paper strips from loosening. The electrical dielectric strength is adversely affected by the glue inclusions and air gaps. Glue layer and Air gaps are areas in the overall insulation that are particularly at risk of partial discharge. A larger insulation layer thickness must therefore be applied in order to reduce the voltage stress. The greater layer thickness has a disadvantageous effect, especially when the coil geometry is limited.

Es ist auch eine Hochspannungsisolation insbesondere für Stromwandler bekannt, die zumindest teilweise aus ineinander verfilzten Fasern besteht. Zur Unterstützung der Verfilzung werden zweckmäßig Klebstoffe zugesetzt. Die Hochspannungsisolation wird im Guß- oder Siebgußverfahren auf die zu isolierende Wicklung aufgebracht, getrocknet und gegebenenfalls gepreßt und mit einer Isolierflüssigkeit getränkt. Die aus ineinander verfilzten Fasern bestehende Hochspannungsisolation kann auch hergestellt werden, indem feuchte, vorzugsweise ungepreßte Faserstoffbänder oder -stücke, die gegebenenfalls auf einer Unterlage kaschiert sind, in einer oder in mehreren Schichten auf die zu isolierende Wicklung aufgebracht und anschließend in gepreßtem Zustand entfeuchtet werden (DE-OS 1 490 909). Bei solchen Isolierungen aus verfilzten Fasern stehen die Fasern in jeder beliebigen Richtung, beispielsweise auch nach oben. Die so erhaltenen Isolierungen sind elektrisch nicht hochwertig. Es tritt vor allem Durchschlag auf.There is also known high-voltage insulation, in particular for current transformers, which consists at least partially of fibers which are matted into one another. To support the felting, adhesives are expediently added. The high-voltage insulation is applied to the winding to be insulated in a casting or screen casting process, dried and, if necessary, pressed and impregnated with an insulating liquid. The high-voltage insulation consisting of interwoven fibers can also be produced by applying moist, preferably uncompressed, fiber strips or pieces, which are optionally laminated to a base, in one or more layers on the winding to be insulated and then dehumidified in the pressed state ( DE-OS 1 490 909). With such insulation made of felted fibers, the fibers stand in any direction, for example also upwards. The insulation obtained in this way is of poor electrical quality. Breakthrough mainly occurs.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Hochspannungsisolierung insbesondere für elektrische Spulen und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Hochspannungsisolierung zu finden, das die oben erwähnten Nachteile nicht aufweist und in kürzeren Verarbeitungszeiten zu mechanisch festen fehlerfreien Hochspannungsisolierungen mit vorzüglichen elektrischen Eigenschaften führt.The invention has for its object to find a high-voltage insulation, in particular for electrical coils, and a method for producing the high-voltage insulation that does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and leads to mechanically stable, fault-free high-voltage insulation with excellent electrical properties in shorter processing times.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einer Beschichtung aus nicht mehr trennbaren Schichten faserorientierter Cellulose gelöst. Als besonders günstig erwies es sich, wenn die Cellulose in einer Fläche orientiert ist. Gemäß einer besonders günstigen Ausführungsform liegen die Fasern nur in Ebenen, senkrecht zur elektrischen Beanspruchung (Äquipotentialflächen). Die faserorientierte Cellulose wird in nassem Zustand aufgetragen und vor der elektrischen Beanspruchung getrocknet. Die Isolierung ist homogen und spaltfrei und zeigt keine elektrische Entladung. Die elektrische Spannungsfestigkeit ist besonders hoch. Mit einer Isolierung gemäß der Erfindung können auch noch schwierige Geometrien relativ einfach und mit hoher Formtreue nachgebildet werden.This object is achieved according to the invention with a coating of layers of fiber-oriented cellulose that can no longer be separated. It turned out to be particularly favorable if the cellulose was oriented in one area. According to a particularly favorable embodiment, the fibers lie only in planes, perpendicular to the electrical stress (equipotential surfaces). The fiber-oriented cellulose is applied wet and dried before being subjected to electrical stress. The insulation is homogeneous and gap-free and shows no electrical discharge. The electrical dielectric strength is particularly high. With insulation according to the invention, even difficult geometries can be simulated relatively easily and with high dimensional accuracy.

Die nasse, faserorientierte Cellulose wird im folgenden als "Naßstoff" bezeichnet. Der Naßstoff ist aus dünnen Einzellagen geschichtet, wobei die einzelne Lage zwischen 0,10 und 0,20 mm, vorzugsweise 0,15 mm dick ist. Die Schichtung der Isolierung wird bis zu einer Gesamtdicke durchgeführt, die für die geforderte Dicke der trockenen Isolierung nötig ist. Die Schichtung kann auch ersetzt werden durch Teilung einer dicken Schicht des Naßstoffes. Beim Aufbringen der Isolierung soll der Feststoffanteil des Naßstoffes bei höchstens 20 % liegen; der Rest ist Wasser.The wet, fiber-oriented cellulose is referred to below as "wet substance". The wet material is layered from thin individual layers, the individual layer being between 0.10 and 0.20 mm, preferably 0.15 mm thick. The layering of the insulation is carried out up to a total thickness which is necessary for the required thickness of the dry insulation. The stratification can also be replaced by dividing a thick layer of the wet material. When applying the insulation, the solids content of the wet substance should not exceed 20%; the rest is water.

Unter Formzwang wird dem "Naßstoff" die Feuchtigkeit entzogen. Dies kann bei ungehindertem Dampfaustausch bei Temperaturen zwischen 70°C und 90°C, vorzugsweise 80°C erfolgen. Dabei bindet die faserorientierte Cellulose während des Trocknens ohne Leimzusatz. Die beim Trocknen durch den Feuchtigkeitsverlust bedingte Schrumpfung (bis zu 50 %) muß beim Aufbringen des "NaBstoffs" berücksichtigt werden. Um ein Wegschrumpfen der Naßstoffschicht von der Innenwand des Spulenkörpers zu verhindern, kann mit einem verstellbar harten Kern die Form gehalten werden. Zur Formung der übrigen Spulenkonturen und zur mechanischen'Verdichtung des "Naßstoffs" und zum Erreichen der geforderten Maßhaltigkeit der jeweiligen Spulengeometrie wird ein feuchtigkeitsdurchlässiges, dehnungselastisches Gewebe, vorzugsweise ein Gummigewebe oder ein dehnungselastisches Kunststoffilament (Lycra®) aufgebracht. Dies gewährleistet zum einen den ungehinderten Austritt der Feuchtigkeit aus dem Naßstoff (Dränage-Effekt), zum anderen gleicht es die sich ständig schrumpfbedingt ändernden Abmessungen der mit faserorientierter Cellulose isolierten Spule aus. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist nicht nur einfacher als die aufwendige Bandagenisolierung, sondern es gestattet auch die Isolierung in kürzerer Zeit.The moisture is removed from the "wet substance" under pressure. This can be done with unhindered steam exchange at temperatures between 70 ° C and 90 ° C, preferably 80 ° C. The fiber-oriented cellulose binds during drying without the addition of glue. The shrinkage caused by the loss of moisture during drying (up to 50%) must be taken into account when applying the "NaBstoff". To shrink the wet layer from the inner wall of the bobbin To prevent this, the shape can be kept with an adjustable hard core. A moisture-permeable, stretch-elastic fabric, preferably a rubber fabric or a stretch-elastic plastic filament (Lycra®) is applied to form the remaining coil contours and to mechanically compress the "wet substance" and to achieve the required dimensional accuracy of the respective coil geometry. On the one hand, this guarantees the unhindered escape of moisture from the wet material (drainage effect), and on the other hand it compensates for the constantly changing dimensions of the coil, which is insulated with fiber-oriented cellulose. The method according to the invention is not only simpler than the expensive bandage insulation, but it also allows insulation in a shorter time.

Eine Isolierung gemäß der Erfindung eignet sich zum Isolieren von elektrischen Spulen gegen Hochspannung in Transformatoren und Wandlern und auch von Leitungen in Hochspannungsgeräten.Insulation according to the invention is suitable for isolating electrical coils from high voltage in transformers and converters and also from lines in high-voltage devices.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Beispiels und der , Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail using an example and the drawing.

In den Figuren 1 und 2, die fertig isolierte Spulen 3 von Heiztransformatoren für Röntgengeräte zeigen, ist jeweils mit 1 der Spreizdorn und mit 2 die GrenzwertLehre bezeichnet. 4 ist die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung.In FIGS. 1 and 2, which show fully insulated coils 3 of heating transformers for X-ray devices, 1 denotes the expanding mandrel and 2 the limit gauge. 4 is the coating according to the invention.

Beispielexample

Mit einer Stichsäge werden aus geschichteten Naßstoffplatten von faserorientierter Cellulose Streifen der Größe 20 x 240 mm geschnitten. Die Streifen werden auf 1 mm Dicke geteilt und vor dem Verarbeiten ca. 3 min in Wasser gelegt. Mit den so vorbereiteten Naßstoffstreifen wird die Spule eines Heiztransformators für Röntgengeräte umwickelt. Anschließend wird sie mit einer elastischen Binde (Lycra®-Gewebe) in 2 Lagen bandagiert. Die erste Lage wird mit leichtem, die zweite mit festem Zug aufgebracht. Anschließend wird ein Spreizdorn eingeschoben, von jeder Seite eine Grenzwertlehre aufgesteckt und der Spreizdorn bis auf den Grenzwertdurchmesser der Lehren aufgedreht.A jigsaw is used to cut 20 x 240 mm strips out of layered sheets of fiber-oriented cellulose. The stripes are on 1 mm thick and placed in water for about 3 minutes before processing. The coil of a heating transformer for X-ray devices is wrapped with the wet substance strips prepared in this way. Then it is bandaged in two layers with an elastic bandage (Lycra® fabric). The first layer is applied with a light pull, the second with a firm pull. Then an expanding mandrel is inserted, a limit gauge is attached from each side and the expanding mandrel is turned up to the limit diameter of the gauges.

Zum Trocknen wird die Spule dann 24 Stunden bei ca. 80°C in einem Umluftofen belassen. Nach dem Abkühlen wird der Spreizdorn entfernt und die Bandagen werden abgenommen. Die für die Isolierung der Spule erforderliche Arbeitszeit beträgt ca. 1/2 Stunde.The coil is then left to dry in a forced air oven at approx. 80 ° C for 24 hours. After cooling, the expanding mandrel is removed and the bandages are removed. The working time required for the insulation of the coil is approx. 1/2 hour.

Claims (5)

1. Hochspannungsisolierung auf der Grundlage von Cellulosefasern, insbesondere für elektrische Spulen, gekennzeichnet durch eine Beschichtung aus nicht mehr trennbaren Schichten faserorientierter Cellulose.1. High-voltage insulation based on cellulose fibers, in particular for electrical coils, characterized by a coating of layers of fiber-oriented cellulose that can no longer be separated. 2. Hochspannungsisolierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Cellulose in einer Fläche orientiert ist.2. High-voltage insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cellulose is oriented in one area. 3. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Isolierung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der zu isolierende Körper mit nasser faserorientierter Cellulose so beschichtet wird, daß die Flächen der Faserorientierung elektrische Äquipotentialflächen bilden, daß zur Erhaltung der vorgeschriebenen Geometrie unter Formzwang getrocknet und daß dazu die Spule mit mindestens einer Lage eines feuchtigkeitsdurchlässigen dehnungselastischen Gewebes umhüllt wird.3. A method for producing an insulation according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the body to be insulated is coated with wet fiber-oriented cellulose in such a way that the surfaces of the fiber orientation form electrical equipotential surfaces that are dried to maintain the prescribed geometry with compulsory shape and in addition the coil is covered with at least one layer of a moisture-permeable, stretch-elastic fabric. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die verwendete faserorientierte Cellulose einen Feststoffgehalt von höchstens 20 % hat.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the fiber-oriented cellulose used has a solids content of at most 20%. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß bei ungehindertem Dampfaustausch bei Temperaturen zwischen 70 und 90°C, vorzugsweise 80°C, getrocknet wird.5. The method according to claim 3 and 4, characterized in that with unimpeded steam exchange at temperatures between 70 and 90 ° C, preferably 80 ° C, is dried.
EP80103515A 1979-07-06 1980-06-23 Method of manufacturing high tension insulation and method of insulating an electric coil using this insulation Expired EP0022207B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2927400A DE2927400A1 (en) 1979-07-06 1979-07-06 HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION, ESPECIALLY FOR ELECTRIC COILS, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION
DE2927400 1979-07-06

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EP0022207A1 true EP0022207A1 (en) 1981-01-14
EP0022207B1 EP0022207B1 (en) 1983-05-25

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EP80103515A Expired EP0022207B1 (en) 1979-07-06 1980-06-23 Method of manufacturing high tension insulation and method of insulating an electric coil using this insulation

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EP (1) EP0022207B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5615504A (en)
DE (2) DE2927400A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6676710B2 (en) 2000-10-18 2004-01-13 North Carolina State University Process for treating textile substrates

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3234098A1 (en) * 1982-09-14 1984-03-15 Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart METHOD FOR PRODUCING WINDINGS EMBEDDED IN CASTING RESIN FOR TRANSFORMERS

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1066662B (en) * 1959-10-08
DE1209203B (en) * 1962-11-23 1966-01-20 Siemens Ag Layer winding for electrical high-voltage devices, especially voltage converters
US3324222A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-06-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Treated cellulosic material and electrical apparatus embodying the same
DE1490909A1 (en) * 1964-11-20 1969-06-19 Liebknecht Transformat High-voltage insulation, especially for current transformers, and processes for producing high-voltage insulation
DE1490543A1 (en) * 1964-03-28 1969-07-03 Siemens Ag Winding for electrical devices with silicone rubber cover
US3842193A (en) * 1973-07-06 1974-10-15 Anaconda Co Glass insulated magnet wire
US3845438A (en) * 1971-12-22 1974-10-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tape insulated conductor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1066662B (en) * 1959-10-08
DE1209203B (en) * 1962-11-23 1966-01-20 Siemens Ag Layer winding for electrical high-voltage devices, especially voltage converters
US3324222A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-06-06 Westinghouse Electric Corp Treated cellulosic material and electrical apparatus embodying the same
DE1490543A1 (en) * 1964-03-28 1969-07-03 Siemens Ag Winding for electrical devices with silicone rubber cover
DE1490909A1 (en) * 1964-11-20 1969-06-19 Liebknecht Transformat High-voltage insulation, especially for current transformers, and processes for producing high-voltage insulation
US3845438A (en) * 1971-12-22 1974-10-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tape insulated conductor
US3842193A (en) * 1973-07-06 1974-10-15 Anaconda Co Glass insulated magnet wire

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6676710B2 (en) 2000-10-18 2004-01-13 North Carolina State University Process for treating textile substrates

Also Published As

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EP0022207B1 (en) 1983-05-25
DE3063463D1 (en) 1983-07-07
DE2927400A1 (en) 1981-01-08
JPS5615504A (en) 1981-02-14

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