CN1195387A - 利用被包复的钻石颗粒进行表面硬化 - Google Patents
利用被包复的钻石颗粒进行表面硬化 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种保护钻头和其他打孔钻头的易磨损表面用的覆硬层,它具有分散在并结合于金属基体沉积物(20)的诸被包复的钻石颗粒(40)。钻石颗粒(44)上的涂层(42)可从诸如碳化钨颗粒、碳化钨/钴和如金属碳化物和金属氮化物的金属陶瓷的材料和合金形成。被包复的钻石颗粒(40)最好是经烧结,它通常呈球形。诸被包复的钻石颗粒(40)与一些预选的材料混合,使焊接和冷却将在固化的金属基体沉积物(20)中形成冶金结合和机械结合。通过将被包复的钻石颗粒(40)、如碳化钨/钴的硬材料(30)和疏松的填充材料(74)的混合物放入一钢管(72)而制备一焊条(70)。通过逐渐将焊条熔入基材(24)的一预选的表面,并使该熔化的材料固化以在基材表面(22)上形成带有分散在其内的诸被包复的钻石颗粒(40)的所需的覆硬层,就使该基材(24)得以表面硬化。
Description
发明的技术领域
本发明总的涉及一层具有分散在金属基体沉积物中的被涂复的或包外壳的钻石表面硬化材料的成形,特别涉及一种为保护钻头和其他钻井工具的改进的表面硬化处理。
发明背景
金属表面和基体的表面硬化是一种为减少或防止金属表面或基体的腐蚀和磨损的熟知技术。表面硬化总的被定义为利用镀敷、焊接、喷镀或其他熟知的沉积技术将一层硬的、耐磨材料加到欠耐磨表面或基体上的技术。表面硬化常被用于延长在石油和天然气工业中使用的钻头和其他钻井工具的使用寿命。碳化钨及其多种合金是为保护钻头和其他钻井工具而较广泛使用的表面硬化材料中的一些材料。
覆硬层通常是一种埋在金属基体沉积物中的硬而耐磨材料的混合物,它最好通过形成冶金结合而熔合于表面或基体以确保覆硬层与基体的均匀附着。对于有些用途来说,将耐磨材料,如一种碳化钨和/或钴合金放在一钢管中,该钢管在将覆硬层焊于基体的过程中用作一焊条。这种加覆硬层的技术有时被称为“管条焊(tube rod wedding)”。在延长钻头和其他钻井工具的使用寿命方面用管条施加的碳化钨/钴覆硬层取得了较大的成功。
旋转锥形钻头常用来在勘探和油、气生产中的钻孔。这类钻头通常采用三个滚动锥形刀具,也称之为旋转锥形刀具,这些刀具安装在从钻头支撑臂延伸的轴上。诸刀具安装在相对于钻头轴线向下和向里延伸的相应的轴上,使诸钻头的锥形侧面要在孔底上滚动并接触于成形面。
对于有些用途来说,诸铣成齿形成在诸刀具上以在钻孔过程中在啮合于孔的底和周壁的区域磨损。铣成齿的使用寿命通过在铣成齿的某些磨损区域上将碳化钨颗粒加于硬合金沉积物而得以改善。这样的操作有时被称为“表面硬化”。公告于1981年4月21日的美国专利4,262,761揭示了将覆硬层加于铣成齿,对此已被引用于本申请。
对于其他一些用途来说,在诸刀具的外表上形成有诸插口。在这些插口中置有许多硬金属插件,以使在钻孔操作期间在与孔的底壁和周壁相配合的区域上发生磨损。通过对诸刀具外表面的渗碳增加了这样的插件和刀具的使用寿命。在1987年7月14日公告的美国专利4,679,640揭示了用于对刀具的渗碳工序,对此也被引用于本申请。
有许多种表面硬化材料被满意地用于钻头和其他钻孔工具。一种常被使用的表面硬化材料包括在一合金钢基体沉积物中的烧结的碳化钨颗粒。该碳化钨颗粒可包括与一种粘结剂如铁、镍、铁的合金和其他金属合金烧结在一起的碳化一钨(monotungsten carbide)、碳化钨和/或粗晶粒碳化钨的晶粒。松的表面硬化材料通常方在一中空管或焊条内并使用普通的焊接技术加到基体上。作为焊接工艺的结果,包括有从基体表面熔化的钢合金和由焊条或中空管提供的钢合金的基体是由覆硬层形成的。各种钴、镍/或钢的合金可用作该基体的部分黏合剂。除了碳化钨外,其他重金属碳化物和氮化物被用来形成覆硬层。
在钻孔钻头中使用天然和合成的钻石以提供切割表面和耐磨表面。美国专利4,140,189传授了从一滚动锥形钻头的小表面突出的钻石插入件的使用。多晶钻石(PCD)插入件(polycrystalline diamond gauge insert)使用于多种钻头以防在苛刻的钻孔条件下的腐蚀和磨损。美国专利4,140,189也被引用于本申请中。
发明概要
按照本发明能基本上减少或消除与以前一些表面硬化材料有关的缺点和问题。本发明的一个方面包括提供一钻头,该钻头具有含诸被包复的钻石颗粒的覆硬层,依靠该形成的覆硬层能很好地经受在苛刻环境中重复打孔时产生的腐蚀、磨损和其他应力。
本发明的其中一个技术优点包括在一钻头的一些预选部分上提供一层表面硬化材料,以保护该钻头的所保护的诸部分免受不希望的腐蚀和/或磨损。本发明的一个方面包括将一层具有诸被包复的钻石颗粒的覆硬层放到铣成齿的外表面上,以防止在打孔期间过早地磨损铣成齿,大大延长了相关的钻头的使用寿命。
本发明的另一方面包括将诸被包复的钻石颗粒与传统的焊条的诸组份混合以在一基材上提供一增强的表面硬化表面。对于本发明的一实施例,对在一旋转锥形钻头上的每个铣成齿完全涂复了一层表面硬化材料,该材料包括按照本发明的传授产生的诸被包复的钻石颗粒。在将诸被包复的钻石颗粒与其他用来在该基材上形成覆硬层的诸材料混合前最好将其烧结。
本发明的技术优点包括将一金属基体涂层放到一钻石颗粒上,并烧结该金属基体涂层以在金属基体涂层与钻石颗粒的表面之间形成化学或冶金结合。烧结该金属基体涂层也能用来改变最终的被包复的钻石颗粒的密度,使该密度等于或大于当硬材料在其熔融状态时被用来形成金属基体沉积物的诸硬材料的密度。
最好利用表面硬化技术将金属基体沉积物加到一基材上,使在每个钻石颗粒上在基材表面与金属基体沉积物之间,和在金属基体沉积物与金属基体涂层之间,形成化学或冶金结合
附图简要说明
为了较彻底理解本发明及其优点,需参阅下面的结合附图的说明。其中:
图1是一其中部分被切掉的放大的示意剖面图,按照本发明的一实施例表示了设置在并结合于一金属基体沉积物的一被包复的钻石颗粒;
图2是一其中部分被切掉的示意剖面图,按照本发明的一实施例表示了分散在并结合于一金属基体沉积物以在一基体上形成覆硬层的诸被包复的钻石颗粒;
图3A和3B分别是其中部分被切掉的正视和剖面示意图,按照本发明的技术表示了一中空的焊条,其内具有一种具有诸被包复的钻石颗粒和其他设在其内的硬材料的填料;
图4是一正视剖视示意图,表示了具有按照本发明技术的覆硬层的钻头;
图5是一示意图,表示了具有按照本发明技术的覆硬层的另一种钻头;
图6是其中部分被切掉的、部分为正视而部分为剖视的视图,表示了一刀具锥体组合和图5的旋转锥体钻头的的支撑臂,具有按照本发明技术的几层覆硬层;
图7是其中部分被切掉的、部分为正视而部分为剖视的视图,表示了该刀具锥体组合和图6的支撑臂,具有按照本发明技术的几层附加的覆硬层;
图8是一等轴视图,表示了一旋转锥体钻头的示意图,该钻头具有带有按照本发明技术的诸覆硬层的铣成齿;
图9是其中部分被切掉的、放大的部分为正视而部分为剖视的视图,表示了一支撑臂和带有具有按照本发明技术的几层覆硬层的铣成齿的刀具锥体组合;以及
图10是一部分被切掉的等轴视图,表示了一覆盖有含本发明技术的一层覆硬层的铣成齿。
本发明的详细说明
通过参阅图1-10能最好地理解本发明的诸最佳实施例及其优点,各个附图中的同样和对应的另部件用相同的标号表示。
由于机加工耐磨材料是既困难又费时的,实际上通常是先成形一金属件,然后根据所需的不同的耐磨度要求,通过直接硬化该金属件(渗碳和渗氮)或将一层耐磨材料(覆硬层)施加于其表面而对金属件表面进行处理。对于一金属件或基体要耐受极度的磨损的用途,可将如具有按本发明形成的一层硬而耐磨材料的金属基体沉积物(metallic matrix deposit)20的覆硬层(hardfacing)施加于工作表面22上,以保护层下的基材(substrate)24。
基材24可由多种金属合金形成,这些合金具有所需的冶金特性,如机加工性能、韧性、热处理性能和耐腐蚀性能。例如,基材24可由与制造图4、5和8所示的钻头80、120和160有关的多种钢合金形成。
正如后面要详细讨论的,金属基体沉积物或覆硬层20可包括多种硬材料和硬颗粒再加上被包复的钻石颗粒或钻石小球40。用于形成金属基体沉积物20的硬材料和/或硬颗粒即使不加被包复的钻石颗粒40也将提供一层耐磨材料。作为包括使用被包复的钻石颗粒的本发明的结果,与已有技术的表面硬化材料相比,金属基体沉积物20具有明显增强的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。
如图1和2所示的金属基体沉积物包括多个碳化物颗粒30和埋置或封装在基体部分26中的被包复的钻石颗粒40。包括钴、铜、镍、铁及其它们的合金的多种材料可用来形成基体部分26。常常也将基体部分26看作黏合剂基体26。
出于为本申请的目的,专用名称“金属基体沉积物”指的是被加到金属基体上以保护该金属免受腐蚀和/或磨损的一层覆硬层。诸如钴、镍、铜及其它们的合金的多种黏合剂可用来形成基体部分或沉积物的黏合剂基体。按照本发明的传授,多种金属合金和金属陶瓷,如金属硼化物、金属碳化物、金属氧化物和金属氮化物可被包括为金属基体沉积物的一部分。下面将详细讨论许多种有益的金属合金和金属陶瓷中的一些。
出于为本申请的目的,专用名称“化学结合”和“冶金结合”被看作是将在结晶或金属结构里的诸原子和/分子保持在一起的强烈的吸引力。
出于为本申请的目的,专用名称“金属基体涂层”指的是一层冶金结合于一钻石或钻石颗粒的外表的硬材料。该金属基体涂层最好是从包括多种金属合金和诸如金属硼化物、金属碳化物、金属氧化物和金属氮化物的多种金属陶瓷的烧结材料形成。下面将详细讨论按照本发明的传授用来在一钻石颗粒上形成一金属基体涂层的许多有益金属合金中的一些。
出于为本申请的目的,专用名称“碳化钨”包括碳化一钨(WC)、碳化二钨(ditungsten carbide)(W2C)、粗晶碳化钨和渗碳或烧结碳化钨。烧结的碳化钨通常通过对粉末混合物加压以形成一未烧结的压块(green compact)而从碳化钨和钴粉末的混合物制取。也可包括多种钴合金粉末。然后将该未烧结的压块在接近于钴的熔点的温度下烧结而形成致密的烧结的碳化钨。
根据要使用金属基体沉积物20的具体用途,可使用多种碳化钨以在钻石颗粒44、碳化钨颗粒42和/或金属沉积物20的基体部分26上形成所有或一部分金属基体涂层42。本发明的一根据的特点包括选择以一高效、成本有效(cost-effective)和可靠的方式通过所需的耐腐蚀性和耐磨性能的硬材料的特点。
每个被包复的钻石颗粒40包括已冶金结合于相应的钻石颗粒44的外表面46的金属基体涂层42。被包复的钻石颗粒40有时也可被看作钻石小球。钻石颗粒44可为合成的或天然的钻石。还有,每个钻石颗粒44可为一整粒钻石或一粒钻石的一部分。对于有些用途,钻石颗粒44的粒度范围为60-80美国目。
根据要使用金属基体沉积物或覆硬层20的具体用途,每个钻石颗粒44可选自同样的粒度范围。对于其他用途,被包复的钻石颗粒40可从选自两个或更多个不同的粒度范围的钻石颗粒44形成。最终的被包复的钻石颗粒40的外部尺寸最好大致相同。但是,如钻石颗粒44的粒度范围不同,最终的金属基体沉积物20的耐磨损和耐腐蚀性可被改变以适应于与基材24有关的专门的工作环境。
钻石颗粒44可使用多种技术包复,如在专利号为4,770,907名为“包复金属的耐腐蚀性晶粒的成形方法”的美国专利和专利号为5,405,573名为“钻石小球和用它制造锯片端的方法”的美国专利中所描述的那些。这两个专利均被引用于本申请中。
用于形成金属基体涂层42的硬材料和该金属基体涂层42的厚度可根据要使用金属基体沉积物20的用途而变化。涂层42最好是从能被烧结的材料形成,以提供一完全封装住各个钻石颗粒44的致密的涂层。如不加该涂层42,钻石颗粒44会被在许多表面硬化技术中为使基体部分26与基材24的表面22相结合所需的温度所损害。用涂层42封装或包复的钻石颗粒44保护着每个钻石颗粒44免受在所选取的表面硬化工序中的热量的影响。还有,如无涂层42,钻石颗粒44有一种浮向熔化的焊接材料的表面的趋向。
涂层42最好是在被放在相应的钻石颗粒44后烧结。使用烧结工艺形成的被包复的钻石颗粒40的密度等于或大于熔融态的基体部分26的密度。如此,被包复的钻石颗粒40根据有烧结工艺建立的密度的不同,将会均匀地分散于技术基体沉积物20中,或将沉底以接触基材24的表面22。
被选取的用于形成金属基体涂层42的材料要能与形成基体部分26的材料相协调。对于许多用途来说,用于形成涂层42的相同的材料也可用来形成基体部分26。
冶金结合最好在每个金属基体涂层42与基体部分26之间形成。由于冶金或化学结合的缘故,被包复的钻石颗粒40在由基体部分26表示的相邻的硬材料被磨耗之前仍然固定于金属基体沉积物20。如此,本发明是每个钻石颗粒44牢固地被固定在金属基体沉积物20中。
金属基体沉积物20可使用多种与传统的碳化钨表面硬化有关的技术形成在并结合于基材24的工作表面22。作为本发明的结果,被包复的钻石颗粒40可被引入多种表面硬化材料而不需任何特别的技术或工序。
对于许多用途来说,最好利用与传统的表面硬化有关的焊接技术施加技术基体沉积物20。在焊接过程中,基材24的表面22被充分地加热以熔化基材部分24并在基体部分26与基材24之间形成冶金结合。在图1和2中,表示的表面22的外形和宽度是变化的,以表示焊接工艺和最终的冶金结合的结果。在焊接过程中,在一或多个被包复的钻石颗粒40上的部分的金属基体涂层42也可与基材24在表面22冶金结合。
用一氧炔焰炬(未图示)的焊条焊接可被满意地分别在金属基体沉积物20与基材24之间,和在基体部分26与涂层42之间,形成冶金结合。对于其一些用途来说,可用激光焊接技术在基材24上形成金属基体沉积物20。下面将详细地描述焊条焊接技术和激光焊接技术。
对于有些不太严格的用途来说,可利用与碳化钨和其他种覆硬层有关的等离子喷镀技术和/或火焰喷镀技术在基材24上形成金属基体沉积物20。等离子喷镀技术通常在覆硬层与基材之间形成一机械结合。火焰喷镀技术通常也在覆硬层与基材之间形成一机械结合。对于有些用途来说,等离子喷镀技术结合火焰喷镀技术可在金属基体沉积物20于基材24之间形成冶金结合。一般来说,比起那些只能在金属基体沉积物20与基材24之间形成一机械结合的技术来,能形成一种冶金结合的表面硬化技术是尤为可取的。
仍是对于其他一些用途来说,可使用水-玻璃化(water-glassed)技术将被包复的钻石颗粒40胶粘或附着于基材24的背面22。然后将多种粉状的表面硬化材料加在被包复的钻石颗粒40上以提供金属基体沉积物20的基体部分26。通过将被包复的钻石颗粒40烧结以使具有所需的密度,可用任何适用于将覆硬层加于基材24的技术形成金属基体沉积物20,被包复的钻石颗粒40将散布于整个最终的金属基体沉积物20中。
被包复的钻石颗粒40为下面的基材24通过了很高的耐磨和耐腐蚀性能。当四周的基体部分26遭到磨损和腐蚀时,碳化钨颗粒30和被包复的钻石颗粒40就被外露。新暴露的被包复的钻石颗粒40和/或碳化钨颗粒30明显提高了金属基体沉积物20的整个耐磨和耐腐蚀性能。最好是,被包复的钻石颗粒40是冶金结合和机械结合在基体部分26中。如不提供金属基体涂层42,在基体部分26与钻石颗粒44之间只能形成较弱的机械结合。
被包复的钻石颗粒40相对于被搀和于金属基体沉积物20中的碳化钨颗粒30的比例可变化,以为基材24根据预期的操作环境提供所需两的耐磨和耐腐蚀性能。对于一些极端苛刻的环境,被包复的钻石颗粒40相对于碳化钨颗粒30的比例可为10∶1。对于其他操作环境,该比例基本上是相反的。本发明的一个重要的益处包括可根据预期的操作环境改变被包复的钻石颗粒量的能力。
图3A和3B表示了为保护表面22不被磨损和腐蚀用于表面硬化基材24按照本发明形成的焊条70。焊条70最好包括其两端分别以在其内装填充物74的中空钢管。许多被包复的钻石颗粒40分布在钢管72内以作填充物74的一部分。每个被包复的钻石颗粒40包括带有与其结合的金属基体涂层42的钻石颗粒44。多个碳化钨颗粒30可与被包复的钻石颗粒40混合并置于填充物74中。对于有些用途,填充物74可包括一脱氧剂和一种暂时的树脂粘结剂。满足于结合本发明使用的脱氧剂的实例包括铁,锰和硅的合金。
对于有些用途,焊条70的重量包括70%至80%的填充物74和20%至30%的钢管72。在钢管72内的填充物74最好包括多个被包复的钻石颗粒40和碳化钨颗粒30。对于有些用途,多至5%的填充物74可包括脱氧剂和暂时的树脂粘结剂。
疏松材料,诸如从由钨、铌、钒、钼、硅、钛、钽、锆、铬、钇、硼和碳组成的一组选择的应材料粉可被作为一部分的填充物74。该疏松材料还可包括从由铜、镍、铁、钴及其它们的合金组成的一组选择的粉状混合物,以形成金属基体沉积物20的基体部分26。如从由金属硼化物、金属碳化物、金属氧化物和金属氮化物组成的一组选择的诸烧结物的硬材料的粉末也可被装在填充物74中。用于填充物的专门材料将根据对所需的最终的金属基体沉积物20的用途和所选择的合金工艺来选择。
对于有些用途,一种由被包复的钻石颗粒40、碳化物颗粒30和用于基体部分26的选用材料组成的混合物可与一种有机树脂相混合并喷涂到基材24的表面22上。然后使用激光以致密并熔化该粉状混合物和基材24的表面22,以形成如前所述所希望的冶金结合。通过将金属基体涂层42烧结以提供所需的密度,被包复的钻石颗粒40仍然散布在金属基体沉积物20中。专利号为4,781,770而题为“对具有硬刀具插入件的钻头锥体进行激光表面硬化的工艺”表示了满足于结合本发明使用的一工艺。
根据用于形成金属基体涂层42的硬材料的类型,多种烧结工艺和工序可被满意地用来确立所需密度的最终的被包复的钻石颗粒40。还有,用于形成金属基体涂层42的材料的比例可变化以提供所需的密度。例如,当金属基体涂层42由碳化物形成时,可提高钨的百分比以提供较密或较重的涂层42。或者,可提高碳化物的百分比以提供较轻或密度较小的涂层42。
当将被包复的钻石颗粒40与碳化钨颗粒30混合时,最好这两者的密度大致相等。本发明的一个技术上的益处包括改变密度和与金属基体涂层42有关的材料的能力,以确保与碳化钨颗粒/或金属基体沉积物20的基体部分26相协调。对于有些用途,使用热均压技术在大致1300°F的温度下将被包复的钻石颗粒40烧结。自然地,烧结的类型,包括压力和温度,可根据用来形成金属基体涂层42和基体部分26而选择的材料变化。
金属基体涂层42可使用诸如成球化、化学蒸气沉积、相位蒸气沉积和/或化学涂复的多种技术被施加到每个被包复的钻石颗粒40上。合适的涂复工序要根据用来形成金属基体涂层42的材料而选择,以确保在每个被包复的钻石颗粒40的外表面48与最终的金属基体涂层42之间形成以冶金结合。
除了焊条70外,被包复的钻石颗粒40、碳化钨颗粒30和用于基体部分26的所选择的材料可包括作为以连续的焊条或焊绳(welding rope)(未图示)的一部分。除了氧炔焊接外,原子氢焊技术和钨惰性气体(TIG)焊接技术均可满意地用来将金属基体沉积物22施加到基材24的表面22上。
覆硬层,如按照本发明的传授形成的金属基体沉积物20可被用在许多钢物体和基材上。例如,可将覆硬层20放置在滚动锥体钻头、固定刀具钻头、取岩心钻头、扩孔器、开孔器和振动吸收组件上。按照本发明的传授形成的覆硬层20可被用于许多种工业中的其他工具上,并不限于石油和其他工业的钻井工具。仅为了说明起见,在图4至10表示的按照本发明的传授形成的覆硬层20的各层是指用在多种旋转锥形钻头和它们的有关的刀具锥体组件。
当相应的刀具锥体组件82、122和162通过钻井工具的旋转而围绕着井孔的底部滚动时,就产生了钻头的切割作用或钻孔作用。刀具钻头组合82、122和62有时被称为“旋转锥体刀具”或“滚动锥体刀具”。井孔的最终的内径是由刀具锥体组合82、122和162的组合的外经或标准直径(gauge diameter)确定的。刀具锥体组合82、122和162由一传统的球保持系统所保持,该系统包括多个在一球轴承座圈里对准的球轴承。
旋转锥体钻头80、120和160通常从一种具有高强度、韧性和相当的机加工性的强的延性钢合金制成。这样的钢合金在相应的刀具锥体组件上并不提供好的长使用寿命切割表面和切割面,因为在钻孔操作过程中这样的钢合金很快被磨耗掉。为了提高相应的旋转锥形钻头80、120和160的使用寿命,可将金属基体沉积物或覆硬层20加到诸小表面(shirttail surface)、背表面、铣成齿和/或与这些相应的钻头有关的插入件上。也可将金属基体沉积物20加在钻头80、120和160的、在钻井打孔过程中要经受较强的磨损和腐蚀的任何其他部位上。对于有些用途,每个刀具锥体82、122和162的所有外表面上均覆盖了金属基体沉积物20。
钻头80包括一以其销端或螺纹连接端86连接于旋转的钻杆88的下端的钻头体84。该螺纹连接端86和钻杆的对应的螺纹接头设计得使钻头80随着钻杆88在井表面(未图示)上的旋转而旋转。钻头体84包括一通道(未图示),该通道提供为钻下的泥之类物经过钻杆向下的流通途径。钻泥从喷嘴92出来,然后在井孔壁与钻杆之间的环状通道中携带着切屑和岩屑向上排出。
从钻头体84悬伸出三个基本上相同的臂94,在图4中之划出了两个臂94。在每个比94的下端上设置有支撑销或轴(未图示),用于可旋转地支撑总的是锥形的刀具锥体组件82。
图5所示的钻头120包括有支撑臂形成的钻头体124。钻头体124还包括诸喷嘴132。螺纹接头126将钻头120连接于以旋转的钻杆。
图6和7表示了可旋转支撑在从每个支撑臂134的下部延伸的轴136上的诸刀具锥体组件122。
如图5,6和7所示,可将覆硬层120加于诸支撑臂134的、与相应的刀具锥体组件122邻接的外表面上。这部分支撑臂134也可被称为“小表面”。覆硬层20也可在每个刀具锥体组件122的背表面或标准环形表面(gauge ringsurface)126上形成。如图7所示,除了诸插入件128外,刀具锥体组件122的外表面可完全被覆硬层20所覆盖。
图8所示的旋转锥体钻头160与图5所示的旋转锥体钻头120的类似。旋转锥体钻头160与旋转锥体钻头120的主要区别是,与有刀具锥体组件162提供的铣成齿164相比,将插入件128用作刀具锥体组件122的一部分。
在每个刀具锥体组件162上,沿着每个相应的锥体162的锥形表面成列地形成有铣成齿164。最靠近于每个刀具锥体组件162的支撑臂的那列是后列或标准列(gage raw)。如图9和10所示,最好是按照本发明传授将金属基体沉积物20加于每个铣成齿164的外表面上。
尽管已详细描述了本发明和它的优点,只要不背离由所附的权利要求书限定的本发明的精神和范围,可作各种变化、替换和修改,这是可以理解的。
Claims (35)
1.一种保护基材免受腐蚀和磨损用的覆硬层,它包括:
一具有一基体部分和多个被包复的钻石颗粒的金属基体沉积物;以及
被包在基体部分内的诸被包复的钻石颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,每个被包复的钻石颗粒还包括:
一具有一层沉积在钻石颗粒的外表上的硬材料涂层的钻石颗粒;以及
多个在钻石颗粒的外表面与硬材料涂层之间形成的冶金结合。
3.如权利要求2所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,还包括多个在每个钻石颗粒上的涂层与基体部分之间的冶金结合。
4.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,金属基体沉积物包括诸金属合金和从由金属硼化物、金属碳化物、金属氧化物和金属氮化物组成的一组中选取的诸金属陶瓷。
5.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,每个被包复的钻石颗粒还包括:
一具有一层设置在并结合于钻石颗粒的外表的硬材料涂层的钻石颗粒;以及
硬材料,它包括诸金属合金和从由金属硼化物、金属碳化物、金属氧化物和金属氮化物组成的一组中选取的诸金属陶瓷。
6.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,还包括:
多个被包在基体部分内的碳化钨颗粒;以及
与诸被包复的钻石颗粒混合的诸碳化钨颗粒。
7.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,还包括形成一部分的金属基体沉积物的附加的硬材料。
8.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,在涂层前还包括具有基本上相同大小的每个钻石颗粒。
9.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,诸被包复的钻石颗粒包括在涂复前具有至少两种不同的尺寸的诸钻石颗粒。
10.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,每个被包复的钻石颗粒的密度与金属基体沉积物的基体部分的密度大致相等。
11.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,诸被包复的钻石颗粒的密度大于金属基体沉积物的基体部分的密度。
12.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,还包括:
与多个被包复的钻石颗粒混合的附加材料;以及
从由碳化钨、颗粒的氮化物、氧化物、硼化碳(carbon boride)、碳化物、氮化物、硅化物、铌、钒、钼、硅、钛、钽、钇、锆、铬、硼、氮化碳(carbon nitride)或它们的混合物组成的一组选取的附加材料。
13.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,基体部分包括从由铜、镍、铁和钴基合金组成的一组选取的粘结剂材料。
14.如权利要求1所述的覆硬层,其特征在于,还包括:
在每个钻石上的、部分由碳化钨形成的涂层;
与诸被包复的钻石颗粒混合的多个碳化物颗粒;以及
由钴、钢的合金和碳化钨形成的基体部分。
15.一种为保护基材免受腐蚀和磨损而对基材表面硬化用的焊条,它包括:
一根每端被封闭的中空钢管;
多个设置在钢管中的被包复的钻石颗粒;以及
每个被包复的钻石颗粒有一钻石颗粒,该颗粒带有一层外包在并冶金结合于钻石颗粒的硬材料的烧结的涂层。
16.如权利要求15所述的焊条,其特征在于,还包括:
多个与被包复的钻石颗粒混合的碳化钨颗粒;以及诸碳化钨颗粒和诸被包复的钻石颗粒的密度大致相等。
17.如权利要求15所述的焊条,其特征在于,还包括与诸被包复的钻石颗粒混合的亚硝酸碳(carbon nitrite)颗粒。
18.如权利要求15所述的焊条,其特征在于,诸钻石颗粒上的烧结的涂层还包括碳化钨。
19.如权利要求15所述的焊条,其特征在于,还包括:
多个与诸被包复的钻石颗粒混合的碳化钨颗粒;以及
从由钴、镍、铜、钨、碳化钨和它们的合金组成的一组中选取的疏松材料。
20.如权利要求15所述的焊条,其特征在于,诸钻石颗粒包括诸合成的钻石。
21.如权利要求15所述的焊条,其特征在于,钻石颗粒包括天然钻石。
22.一种对一基材表面进行表面硬化用的方法,它包括如下诸步骤:
对多个钻石颗粒涂复一种表面硬化材料;
烧结每个钻石颗粒上的涂层;
将诸被包复的钻石颗粒放入一中空钢管内并封闭钢管的每端;
逐渐熔化该钢管以形成具有分散于其中的诸被包复的钻石颗粒的熔融金属;以及
将熔融金属和诸被包复的钻石颗粒加于基材表面,并固化与基材表面相接触的熔融金属。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括如下步骤:
预制一种诸被包复的钻石颗粒和诸烧结的碳化钨颗粒的混合物;以及
在将钢管密封前将该混合物放入钢管中。
24.如权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括如下步骤:
将诸被包复的钻石颗粒混合于疏松的硬材料;以及
在将钢管密封前将诸被包复的钻石颗粒与疏松的硬材料的混合物放入钢管中。
25.一种具有至少一排铣成齿的旋转锥形钻头,每个铣成齿包括:
一齿尖部、一底部、在齿尖部与底部之间延伸的两相对的侧表面;
位于两相对的侧表面之间并在齿尖部与底部之间延伸的一前表面;
位于两相对的侧表面之间并相对于前表面的一后表面;
一层加于每个齿的每个表面上的覆硬层;以及
该覆硬层具有多个分散在并结合于一金属基体沉积物的被包复的钻石颗粒。
26.如权利要求25所述的旋转锥形钻头,其特征在于,还包括与诸被包复的钻石颗粒混合的诸碳化钨颗粒。
27.如权利要求25所述的旋转锥形钻头,其特征在于,每个被包复的钻石颗粒的密度与金属基体沉积物的密度大致相等。
28.如权利要求25所述的旋转锥形钻头,其特征在于,每个被包复的钻石颗粒的密度大于金属基体沉积物的密度。
29.如权利要求25所述的旋转锥形钻头,其特征在于,硬材料涂层包括重量比约为1%至75%的被包复的钻石颗粒。
30.如权利要求25所述的旋转锥形钻头,其特征在于,覆硬层包括重量比约为0至74%的碳化钨。
31.一种打孔用的旋转锥形钻头,它包括:
一钻头体,它具有一适于与一用于旋转钻头体的钻井工具相连接的上端部;
数个支撑臂,它们从钻头体延伸,每个支撑臂具有一前导缘、一后缘和一设置在这两缘之间的外表面;
数个刀具锥体组件,它们的数量等于支撑臂的数量,并分别可转动地安装在诸支撑臂上而相对于每个相关的支撑臂总的向下并向里伸出;
一层覆硬层,它形成在每个支撑臂的外表面上;以及
该覆硬层具有多个分散于一金属基体沉积物的被包复的钻石颗粒。
32.如权利要求31所述的钻头,其特征在于,还包括:
每个支撑臂的外表面具有一下方小部分;以及
覆硬层形成在该下方小部分上。
33.一种形成一井孔用的旋转锥形钻头,它包括:
一钻头体,它带有一适于与一绕着该钻头体的一纵向轴线转动的钻井工具相连接的上端部;
数个角向间隔开的支撑臂,它们与该钻头体整体形成并从其上悬伸出,每个支撑臂具有一带一与其连接的销轴的里表面和一外部小表面;
每根销轴相对于钻头体的纵向轴线总的向下并向里伸出,并有一与相应的支撑臂的里表面连接的、总的为柱形的上端部;
数个刀具锥体,它们的数量等于支撑臂的数量,每个刀具锥体相应安装在相关的一根销轴上;
一层覆硬层,它形成在每个小表面的一部分上;以及
该覆硬层具有多个设置在并冶金结合于一金属基体沉积物的被包复的钻石颗粒。
34.一种与一井孔的侧壁和底部成钻孔啮合的旋转锥体刀具,它包括:
一总的为锥形的金属体,它具有一中心轴线、一有多个从其上凸出的插入件的尖顶部和一与该尖顶部相连以形成本体的底部;
一空腔,它沿着该轴线形成在该本体内并从该底部向敞入该尖顶部;
一环形后表面,它形成在该底部的一外部上;以及
该后表面用于与该井孔的侧壁成钻孔啮合,它具有一层带有多个分散在并冶金结合于一金属基体沉积物的被包复的钻石颗粒的覆硬层。
35.在一形成一井孔用的旋转的凿岩钻头中,其改进在于:
一总的为锥形的刀具体,它带有一位于该刀具体的一端的开孔和一从该开孔伸入该刀具体以将该刀具体安装在该凿岩钻头上用的空腔;
一尖顶部,它指向该空腔开孔的反向;
一底部,它连接于该尖顶部以部分地限定该空腔开孔;
该底部具有一包围所述空腔开孔的后表面;
该后表面总的呈一截头梯形,指向该尖顶部的反向;
一层覆硬层,它设置在该底部的外部上,并延伸在该尖顶部的外表上;
该覆硬层具有多个设置在并冶金结合于一金属基体沉积物的被包复的钻石颗粒;
每个被包复的钻石颗粒有一带一硬材料涂层的钻石颗粒,该涂层设置在该钻石颗粒的外表上;
多个冶金结合,它们形成在每个钻石颗粒的外表面与相应的硬材料涂层之间;以及
多个冶金结合,它们形成在金属基体沉积物和外底部的表面和该尖顶部的外表之间。
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US186895P | 1995-08-03 | 1995-08-03 | |
US60/001,868 | 1995-08-03 | ||
US08/579,454 US5755299A (en) | 1995-08-03 | 1995-12-27 | Hardfacing with coated diamond particles |
US08/579,454 | 1995-12-27 |
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CN1195387A true CN1195387A (zh) | 1998-10-07 |
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CN96196684A Pending CN1195387A (zh) | 1995-08-03 | 1996-07-29 | 利用被包复的钻石颗粒进行表面硬化 |
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US (2) | US5755299A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0842346A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11509894A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1195387A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU702263B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2228398A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997006339A1 (zh) |
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GB2278558B (en) | 1993-06-03 | 1995-10-25 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of rotary drill bits |
US5351771A (en) | 1993-06-14 | 1994-10-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring bit having an improved hard-faced tooth structure |
US5351770A (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1994-10-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Ultra hard insert cutters for heel row rotary cone rock bit applications |
US5351768A (en) | 1993-07-08 | 1994-10-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Earth-boring bit with improved cutting structure |
US5370195A (en) | 1993-09-20 | 1994-12-06 | Smith International, Inc. | Drill bit inserts enhanced with polycrystalline diamond |
US5452771A (en) | 1994-03-31 | 1995-09-26 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Rotary drill bit with improved cutter and seal protection |
US5429200A (en) | 1994-03-31 | 1995-07-04 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Rotary drill bit with improved cutter |
US5609286A (en) | 1995-08-28 | 1997-03-11 | Anthon; Royce A. | Brazing rod for depositing diamond coating metal substrate using gas or electric brazing techniques |
-
1995
- 1995-12-27 US US08/579,454 patent/US5755299A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-07-29 CN CN96196684A patent/CN1195387A/zh active Pending
- 1996-07-29 JP JP9508487A patent/JPH11509894A/ja active Pending
- 1996-07-29 CA CA002228398A patent/CA2228398A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-29 WO PCT/US1996/012462 patent/WO1997006339A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-29 AU AU66049/96A patent/AU702263B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-29 EP EP96925574A patent/EP0842346A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-03-12 US US08/818,468 patent/US5755298A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101053981B (zh) * | 2007-05-16 | 2010-12-15 | 张小军 | 钎焊-热压烧结金刚石工具节块 |
CN101565821B (zh) * | 2008-04-22 | 2011-06-15 | 林玉雪 | 钻针的表面镀膜方法与镀膜钻针 |
CN103228402A (zh) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-07-31 | 江汉石油钻头股份有限公司 | 一种抗低应力磨损的管焊条 |
CN103228402B (zh) * | 2011-11-01 | 2015-08-19 | 江汉石油钻头股份有限公司 | 一种抗低应力磨损的管焊条 |
CN104812524A (zh) * | 2012-12-10 | 2015-07-29 | 林肯环球股份有限公司 | 并入金属性包覆的颗粒的焊条及用其堆焊的方法 |
CN105813796A (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2016-07-27 | 维米尔制造公司 | 结合碳化物粒子的硬表堆焊 |
CN106216662A (zh) * | 2016-09-18 | 2016-12-14 | 广东工业大学 | 一种金属陶瓷颗粒及其制备方法与应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0842346A1 (en) | 1998-05-20 |
CA2228398A1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
US5755299A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
JPH11509894A (ja) | 1999-08-31 |
US5755298A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
EP0842346A4 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
AU6604996A (en) | 1997-03-05 |
WO1997006339A1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
AU702263B2 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
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