CN100543223C - Adopt supercritical fluid to carry out the production system and the production technology thereof of continuous dyeing - Google Patents

Adopt supercritical fluid to carry out the production system and the production technology thereof of continuous dyeing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100543223C
CN100543223C CNB2007100271111A CN200710027111A CN100543223C CN 100543223 C CN100543223 C CN 100543223C CN B2007100271111 A CNB2007100271111 A CN B2007100271111A CN 200710027111 A CN200710027111 A CN 200710027111A CN 100543223 C CN100543223 C CN 100543223C
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supercritical fluid
dyeing
dyestuff
kettle
production system
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CN101024922A (en
Inventor
郭晓洁
包桂莲
何兆基
王金民
叶铭基
严义兵
杨素荣
叶卉
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Masson Group Co ltd
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Masson Group Co ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B9/00Solvent-treatment of textile materials
    • D06B9/06Solvent-treatment of textile materials with recovery of the solvent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

Abstract

A kind of production system that adopts supercritical fluid to carry out continuous dyeing, be used for continuous suitability for industrialized production, it comprises supercritical fluid feeding mechanism, dye cycle device and the supercritical fluid retracting device that is interconnected, and described dye cycle device comprises at least two integrated dyeing kettles.One aspect of the present invention is combined into an equipment with existing dyestuff still and dyeing caldron, it is integrated dyeing kettle, make dissolving and coloration of textile materials two step process that in same still, can finish dyestuff simultaneously, both reduced the loss that dyestuff and supercritical fluid circulate in pipeline, the energy consumption of saving greatly again, having improved production efficiency, is the once very large breakthrough of dyeing manufacture field; On the other hand, in order to satisfy the needs that industrial serialization is produced, this production system has adopted at least two integrated dyeing kettles, replaces, dyes incessantly.The present invention also further provides and has adopted this production system to carry out the production technology of continuous dyeing.

Description

Adopt supercritical fluid to carry out the production system and the production technology thereof of continuous dyeing
Technical field
The present invention relates to dyeing apparatus and production technology thereof in the dope dyeing field, more particularly, relate to a kind of production system and production technology thereof that adopts supercritical fluid to carry out continuous dyeing.
Background technology
The most wet method dyeings that adopt of traditional textile dyeing, a large amount of waste water that wet method dyeing for a long time produces have seriously polluted environment, though each enterprise has all taked corresponding sewage water treatment method, but the actual effect that dyeing and printing sewage is handled is still not satisfactory, severe contamination water resource environment, jeopardize people's life and health.
In order to reduce environmental pollution, save production cost, in recent years, people are devoted to supercritical fluid is applied to the water-free dyeing Study on Technology.The supercritical fluid dyeing be utilize certain fluid under supercriticality preferably mass-transfer performance and to the solubility property of nonpolar class material to synthetic dyeing, be a kind of non-aqueous dyeing technology of novel environmental protection.Wherein, since CO2 have do not fire, nontoxic, cheap outstanding advantage, make supercritical CO 2 dyeing become the most competitive a kind of dyeing in the supercritical fluid dyeing, the above-critical state of so-called CO2 is meant the duty of CO2 under 31.1 ℃ of critical-point pressure 7.3MPa, critical point temperature.It is fast that this dyeing has dyeing kinetics, it is 5-10 times that conventional wet dyes, advantages such as levelling and through-dyeing are good, simultaneously, this dyeing has been exempted reduction and bake process, and dyestuff and dissolving media CO2 thereof can also reuse, characteristics such as non-pollutant discharge make the supercritical CO 2 dyeing become a kind of process for cleanly preparing that does not have waste gas, waste water and waste sludge discharge in the dyeing course.
Yet; present supercritical fluid printing technology is subjected to equipment and technical all restrictions; still be in the experimental study stage; only can realize textile dyeing in a small amount; can not carry out the production of serialization in enormous quantities; therefore, for printing technology that can should the advanced person devotes in the large-scale production of dyeing, demand providing a kind of production system and production technology thereof that adopts supercritical fluid to carry out continuous dyeing urgently.
Summary of the invention
Based on the deficiencies in the prior art, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of production system that adopts supercritical fluid to carry out continuous dyeing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide and adopt supercritical fluid to carry out the production technology of continuous dyeing.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of production system that adopts supercritical fluid to carry out continuous dyeing, be used for continuous suitability for industrialized production, it comprises supercritical fluid feeding mechanism, dye cycle device and the supercritical fluid retracting device that is interconnected, described dye cycle device comprises at least two integrated dyeing kettles, wherein, described integrated dyeing kettle comprises the kettle with supercritical fluid import/export and is built in wherein dyestuff accommodation apparatus and fabric fixture.
Described supercritical fluid is selected from CO 2, N 2In O, ethane, the propane one or more.
Described supercritical fluid feeding mechanism comprises fluid liquid storage tank, subcooler, main high-pressure pump and the preheater that is connected by pipeline in regular turn.The supercritical fluid retracting device comprises heater, dye separation device and the condenser that is connected by pipeline in regular turn.
The dye cycle device comprises the high-pressure circulation pump that is communicated with integrated dyeing kettle by pipeline, production system further comprises hot oil furnace, described kettle is provided with deep fat or steam import/export, and described deep fat or steam import/export are connected with heating furnace by pipeline.Heater is communicated with the supercritical fluid outlet of integrated dyeing kettle body.Condenser is communicated with subcooler and fluid liquid storage tank respectively by pipeline.Integrated dyeing kettle is built-in with at least one dyestuff accommodation apparatus, and it is installed near the supercritical fluid import/export.
Adopt supercritical fluid to carry out the production technology of continuous dyeing, may further comprise the steps:
(1) one of them integrated dyeing kettle from supercritical fluid feeding mechanism output supercritical fluid to the dye cycle device;
(2) in integrated dyeing kettle, by the supercritical fluid that has dissolved dyestuff fabric is dyeed, make dyestuff be adsorbed onto on the fabric equably;
(3) reclaim dyestuff and supercritical fluid respectively;
(4) another integrated dyeing kettle from supercritical fluid feeding mechanism output supercritical fluid to the dye cycle device;
(5) in this integrated dyeing kettle, by the supercritical fluid that has dissolved dyestuff fabric is dyeed, make dyestuff be adsorbed onto on the fabric equably;
(6) reclaim dyestuff and supercritical fluid respectively.
In step (1), the pressure of described supercritical fluid is 10-45Mpa, and temperature is 100-180 ℃.In step (3), the pressure of described supercritical fluid is that 6-16MPa, temperature are 80-100 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the production system that the present invention adopts supercritical fluid to carry out continuous dyeing is combined into an equipment with existing dyestuff still and dyeing caldron on the one hand, it is integrated dyeing kettle, make dissolving and coloration of textile materials two step process that in same still, can finish dyestuff simultaneously, both reduced the loss that dyestuff and supercritical fluid circulate in pipeline, the energy consumption of saving has greatly improved production efficiency again, is the once very large breakthrough of dyeing manufacture field; On the other hand; in order to satisfy the needs that industrial serialization is produced, at least two integrated dyeing kettles are provided in this production system, replace, dye incessantly; further improve production efficiency, adapted to the trend of printing and dyeing industry large-scale production.
For making the present invention easier to understand, further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and adopt supercritical fluid to carry out the specific embodiment of the production system and the production technology thereof of continuous dyeing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram that adopts supercritical fluid to carry out the production system of continuous dyeing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 adopts the cutaway view of the integrated dyeing kettle of the production system that supercritical fluid carries out continuous dyeing for the present invention is a kind of.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of production system that adopts supercritical fluid to carry out continuous dyeing, be used for continuous suitability for industrialized production, it comprises supercritical fluid feeding mechanism 100, dye cycle device 200 and the supercritical fluid retracting device 300 that is interconnected, and described dye cycle device 200 comprises at least two integrated dyeing kettles 21.
Described supercritical fluid feeding mechanism 100 is used for providing supercritical fluid to dye cycle device 200, comprises the storage tank 11, subcooler 12, main high-pressure pump 13 and the preheater 14 that are connected by pipeline in regular turn.Storage tank 11 is used for deposit and holds fluid liquid, volume can be provided with according to the needs of output, for example: the fluid liquid storage tank of 300L-10000L, the tank body pressure limit can be designed to 8MPa, maximum operating temperature is 30 ℃, the tank body top is provided with gas access, relief valve connection, pressure gauge connection and evacuation port, the bottom is provided with fluid liquid outlet and sewage draining exit simultaneously, sidepiece is provided with and is used to measure the liquid level gauge that the fluid liquid liquid level changes in the tank body, and fluid liquid carries out circulation by the import/export.Subcooler 12 is bushing type or tubular heat exchanger, and the tube side medium is the fluid liquid by storage tank 11 input, and the outer or shell side medium of pipe is a chilled water, and temperature is 3-6 ℃.Main high-pressure pump 13 is a reciprocating plunger pump, can set its maximum working pressure (MWP) 45MPa, and gas flow is 1-20m 3/ h, and control flow by the frequency conversion mode.Preheater 14 is coiled or tubular heat exchanger, and the tube side medium is the fluid liquid of carrying via main high-pressure pump 13, and the shell side medium is conduction oil or heating steam, and temperature is 100-180 ℃.The tube side medium forms supercritical fluid via preheater 14 heating, is delivered to the processing of dyeing of 200 pairs of fabrics of dye cycle device through piping.
Described dye cycle device 200 is the core of this continuous dyeing system, comprise at least two integrated dyeing kettles 21, it comprises the kettle 210 with supercritical fluid import/export and is built in wherein dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211 and fabric fixture 212.
In one embodiment of the invention, described kettle 210 provides under the working environment of high pressure, flow through the simultaneously access way of dyestuff and fabric of supercritical fluid, its top is provided with the clip quick-opening structure, to guarantee that dyeing finishes the back full thorax of realization and opens soon, the inside of kettle 210 adopts sealing ring to seal, and for example: combined metal gathers polytetrafluoroethylsealed sealed circle.Both sides, top and bottom at kettle 210 offer three supercritical fluid import/export 210a respectively, and supercritical fluid is flowed in the kettle 210 by preheater 14 by described import/export 210a.
Described dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211 is used for built-in dyestuff, can evenly paint in order to guarantee fabric, can above the still chamber and below and respectively be mounted with a dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211 near the position of supercritical fluid import/export 210a, like this, when supercritical fluid is flowed through dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211, can promptly dyestuff be fused, and be distributed on the fabric equably.The neighboring of described dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211 is furnished with screen pack, and for example: stainless steel sintering screen pack is used to prevent that dyestuff from leaking.
Described fabric fixture 212 is positioned at the middle part of kettle 210, comprise distributor: antipriming pipe 212a and screen pack 212b, wherein, antipriming pipe 212a is removably mounted between two dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211, and be connected with both, evenly offer several apertures on the antipriming pipe 212a, diameter is 3-8mm.Screen pack 212b is surrounded on the periphery of described antipriming pipe 212a, fabric is wound on the described screen pack 212b, screen pack 212b is used for fixing fabric on the one hand, make supercritical fluid fully to contact with fabric, the impurity that the opposing party is used for avoiding being admixed by dyestuff oozes out into fabric by antipriming pipe 212a, thereby obtains fabric clean, the color homogeneous.
In the present invention, described integrated dyeing kettle 21 also comprises the chuck 213 that is wrapped in kettle 210 outer walls, is used for the insulation and the cooling of integrated dyeing kettle body.Described chuck 213 is provided with two deep fats or the steam import/export 213a that is interconnected by deflector (indicate), deflector is used to improve the flow velocity of deep fat, keep the constant high temperature of kettle 210 by circulating in outer deep fat of chuck 213 or heating steam, make working fluid can remain in supercriticality, improved the operating efficiency of dyeing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described dye cycle device 200 also comprises by pipeline and being connected with integrated dyeing kettle 21 and high-pressure circulation pump 23 respectively, also further comprise hot oil furnace in the servicing unit in the production system, kettle is provided with deep fat or steam import/export, integrated dyeing kettle 21 is connected with heating furnace 22 by deep fat or steam import/export 213a, described heating furnace can be hot oil furnace or steam boiler, promptly heating furnace 22 by pipeline to integrated dyeing kettle 21 supplying high temperature deep fat or heating steams.
On the described dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211 fabric baffle plate 214 is installed further, with it with dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211 and fabric fixture 212 separately, preventing that dyestuff from revealing pollutes fabric.
The top of kettle 210 and bottom are provided with the pressure-bearing convex shoulder, and it catches on clip 215, and bearing axial internal pressure, described clip 215 is divided into two kinds of outside collar or inside collars, and outside collar is applicable to the minor diameter dyeing caldron, and inside collar is applicable to the major diameter dyeing caldron.
Described supercritical fluid retracting device 300 is recycled to supercritical fluid feeding mechanism 100 with the supercritical fluid of dye cycle device 200 output and recycles after cooling.It comprises heater 31, dye separation device 32 and the condenser 33 that is connected by pipeline in regular turn.Wherein, described heater 31 can be coiled or tubular heat exchanger, it is connected with dye separation device 32, and the supercritical fluid of integrated dyeing kettle 21 outputs is delivered to heater 31 and carries out heat temperature raising after decompression, and pressure 6-16MPa, temperature are 80-100 ℃.Make supercritical fluid become gaseous state; Dye separation device 32 comprises kettle with quick-opening structure, is installed on the screen pack in the kettle and is enclosed within the outer insulation jacket of kettle, by screen pack dyestuff is separated with working gas, thereby dyestuff is recycled to kettle, working gas then is transported to condenser 33 coolings by pipeline, dye separation device 32 volumes can be 24L-1000L, design pressure 16MPa, 100 ℃ of maximum operating temperatures.Condenser 33 can be coiled or tubular heat exchanger, and the shell side medium is a chilled water, and operating temperature is-7-7 ℃.
In the present invention, described employing supercritical fluid carries out the also further various work instrument of production system and the compression system of continuous dyeing, running parameters such as the pressure under the working state of system, temperature, flow, liquid level are carried out record constantly, thereby make people to make adjustment to the working environment or the condition of system in time according to the variation of running parameter.
Described supercritical fluid is selected from CO 2, N 2In O, ethane, the propane one or more, preferred supercritical CO 2As working gas.
Below to adopt supercritical carbon dioxide, the production system with two integrated dyeing kettles is that example is introduced dyeing production technology of the present invention:
With reference to illustrated in figures 1 and 2, the carbon dioxide that comes out from liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 11 cools off laggard high-pressure pump 13 pressurizations (pressure is 10-45MPa) of becoming owner of through subcooler 12, enter preheater 14 heating (temperature is 60-200 ℃) then, supercritical carbon dioxide after the preheating from two integrated dyeing kettles 21 one of them above or below the supercritical fluid import/export enter, at first contact with dyestuff in the dyestuff accommodation apparatus, the carbon dioxide that has dissolved dyestuff passes through distributor, contact with fabric from inside to outside or from outside to inside, dyestuff is adsorbed onto on the fabric, carbon dioxide is then discharged from the below of kettle or top and is entered dyeing kettle again after being boosted by high-pressure circulation pump and carry out the dyestuff dissolving, the circulation of fabric absorption is finished until dyeing.After the dyeing of this integrated dyeing kettle finishes,, supercritical carbon dioxide switched in another still (install fabric in advance), adopt above-mentioned steps to carry out second batch dyeing, thereby realize continuous dyeing incessantly by valve.When end is produced in whole dyeing, system switches to great circulation system with carbon dioxide by the valve closing dye cycle, the carbon dioxide that is dissolved with dyestuff makes the solubility of dyestuff in carbon dioxide approach zero through decompression, intensification, enter the integral dye separating still then and carry out dyestuff and reclaim, it is that liquid is got back to the fluid liquid storage tank and recycled that carbon dioxide then enters condenser condenses.
Next specifically describe the course of work of each device:
Start is prepared: start cold machine circulation, start cold machine, chilled water temperature is controlled to be 3-8 ℃, opens deep fat or the Steam Heating and the circulatory system, and control deep fat or heating steam temperature are 80-180 ℃.About 30 minutes of time.
The intensification of boosting: low rate start master high-pressure pump 13, treat to be modulated to after working properly the frequency of setting, with the carbon dioxide intensification of boosting, Pressure control realizes that by automatic pressure control valve PV1 pressure is 10-45MPa; Carbon dioxide heats up and realizes that by preheater 14 heating-up temperature is 100-180 ℃, makes carbon dioxide become supercriticality, enters integrated dyeing kettle DA/DB.After reaching predefined dyeing condition, stop main high-pressure pump, refrigerator and deep fat or Steam Heating; Close AJ2, AJ13, open AJ11, AJ12, start high-pressure circulation pump, carry out dye cycle.
Dye cycle:
With the work of DA dyeing kettle is the example explanation:
Circulation 1: supercritical carbon dioxide enters from the supercritical fluid import/export of the kettle below of integrated dyeing kettle 21 by valve AJ3, at first contact with dyestuff in the dyestuff accommodation apparatus 211, the carbon dioxide that has dissolved dyestuff contacts with fabric from outside to inside by distributor, make dyestuff be adsorbed onto on the fabric equably, carbon dioxide is then discharged from the kettle top by valve AJ9, enter and enter the cyclic process that integrated dyeing kettle 21 carries out dyestuff dissolving, fabric absorption after high-pressure circulation pump 23 boosts again, finish until dyeing.
Circulation 2: supercritical carbon dioxide enters from the supercritical fluid import/export of kettle top by valve AJ7, at first contact with dyestuff in the dyestuff accommodation apparatus, the carbon dioxide that has dissolved dyestuff contacts with fabric from inside to outside by distributor, dyestuff is adsorbed onto on the fabric, carbon dioxide is then discharged from the kettle below by valve AJ9, enter and enter the cyclic process that integrated dyeing kettle 21 carries out dyestuff dissolving, fabric absorption after high-pressure circulation pump 23 boosts again, finish until dyeing.
The switching of integrated dyeing kettle body: after the dyeing of one of them integrated dyeing kettle body finishes,, promptly finish the switching of dyeing kettle by closing and Open valve AJ3, AJ4, AJ7, AJ8.
The separation of dyestuff is reclaimed: when end is produced in package unit dyeing, stop high-pressure circulation pump 23, valve-off AJ11, AJ12, start main high with pump 13, open valve AJ13 supercritical carbon dioxide by automatic regulating valve PV1 decompression and heater 31 heating, become gaseous state, wherein Rong Xie dyestuff is desorbed, and enters dye separation still 32 and reclaims with the carbon dioxide dye separation.
The recovery of carbon dioxide: the gaseous carbon dioxide in separating still behind the separation dyestuff enters condenser 33 and is condensed into liquid, enters the fluid liquid storage tank then and reclaims, in order to recycling.
The release of integrated dyeing kettle body: after dyeing caldron dyeing is finished, carry out pressure balance between two stills earlier by valve AJ9, AJ10, to reduce the consumption of carbon dioxide, valve-off AJ3, AJ5, AJ7, AJ9 then, open CJI and carry out the emptying exhaust, the pressure in dyeing caldron is zero.
The taking-up of fabric is packed into: after the still internal pressure is zero, with clip pneumatic or manual unlocking dyeing kettle, mention kettle cover with cylinder, access the internals of having twined fabric with overhead traveling crane then, good fabric is dyed in taking-up, changes the fabric that does not dye, and covers kettle cover in the still of packing into, the clip that closes is waited for dyeing course next time.
Packing into of dyestuff: the integrated dyeing kettle of this device invention, its indoor design have two dyestuff accommodation apparatus up and down, make the carbon dioxide that enters at first pass through the dyestuff accommodation apparatus with dissolving dye.The loam cake of dyestuff accommodation apparatus is detachable, is used to the dyestuff of packing into.
Above disclosedly only, the present invention carries out the preferred embodiment of the production system and the production technology thereof of continuous dyeing for adopting supercritical fluid, certainly can not limit the present invention's interest field with this, therefore the equivalent variations of being done according to the present patent application claim still belongs to the scope that the present invention is contained.

Claims (10)

1. production system that adopts supercritical fluid to carry out continuous dyeing, it comprises supercritical fluid feeding mechanism, dye cycle device and the supercritical fluid retracting device that is interconnected, and it is characterized in that: described dye cycle device comprises at least two integrated dyeing kettles.
2. employing supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 1 carries out the production system of continuous dyeing, it is characterized in that: described integrated dyeing kettle comprises the kettle with supercritical fluid import/export and is built in wherein dyestuff accommodation apparatus and fabric fixture.
3. employing supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 1 carries out the production system of continuous dyeing, it is characterized in that: described supercritical fluid is selected from CO 2, N 2In O, ethane, the propane one or more.
4. employing supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 1 carries out the production system of continuous dyeing, it is characterized in that: described supercritical fluid feeding mechanism comprises fluid liquid storage tank, subcooler, main high-pressure pump and the preheater that is connected by pipeline in regular turn.
5. employing supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 4 carries out the production system of continuous dyeing, it is characterized in that: described supercritical fluid retracting device comprises heater, dye separation device and the condenser that is connected by pipeline in regular turn.
6. employing supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 2 carries out the production system of continuous dyeing, it is characterized in that: described dye cycle device further comprises the high-pressure circulation pump that is communicated with integrated dyeing kettle by pipeline, described production system further comprises heating furnace, described kettle is provided with deep fat or steam import/export, and described deep fat or steam import/export are connected with heating furnace by pipeline.
7. employing supercritical fluid as claimed in claim 5 carries out the production system of continuous dyeing, it is characterized in that: described condenser is communicated with subcooler and fluid liquid storage tank respectively by pipeline.
8. the production technology that adopts production system as claimed in claim 1 to dye is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) one of them integrated dyeing kettle from supercritical fluid feeding mechanism output supercritical fluid to the dye cycle device;
(2) in this integrated dyeing kettle, by the supercritical fluid that has dissolved dyestuff fabric is dyeed, make dyestuff be adsorbed onto on the fabric equably;
(3) reclaim dyestuff and supercritical fluid respectively;
(4) another integrated dyeing kettle from supercritical fluid feeding mechanism output supercritical fluid to the dye cycle device;
(5) in this integrated dyeing kettle, by the supercritical fluid that has dissolved dyestuff fabric is dyeed, make dyestuff be adsorbed onto on the fabric equably;
(6) reclaim dyestuff and supercritical fluid respectively.
9. dyeing production technology as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: in step (1), the pressure of described supercritical fluid is 10-45Mpa, and temperature is 100-180 ℃.
10. dyeing production technology as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: in step (3), the pressure of described supercritical fluid is that 6-16MPa, temperature are 80-100 ℃.
CNB2007100271111A 2007-03-12 2007-03-12 Adopt supercritical fluid to carry out the production system and the production technology thereof of continuous dyeing Expired - Fee Related CN100543223C (en)

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