CN100515348C - 罩住套管锐利尖端的装置及其使用方法 - Google Patents

罩住套管锐利尖端的装置及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN100515348C
CN100515348C CNB2006101019180A CN200610101918A CN100515348C CN 100515348 C CN100515348 C CN 100515348C CN B2006101019180 A CNB2006101019180 A CN B2006101019180A CN 200610101918 A CN200610101918 A CN 200610101918A CN 100515348 C CN100515348 C CN 100515348C
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金伯利·A·穆斯
戴维·R·斯维舍尔
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Kandele Health 529 Co ltd
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    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
    • A61M25/0612—Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders
    • A61M25/0631—Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders having means for fully covering the needle after its withdrawal, e.g. needle being withdrawn inside the handle or a cover being advanced over the needle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B2090/0801—Prevention of accidental cutting or pricking
    • A61B2090/08021—Prevention of accidental cutting or pricking of the patient or his organs
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    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/10—Bone-marrow
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3213—Caps placed axially onto the needle, e.g. equipped with finger protection guards
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
    • A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
    • A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
    • A61M5/3243—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
    • A61M5/3273—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel freely sliding on needle shaft without connection to syringe or needle

Abstract

一种用于罩住管状针锐利尖端的安全装置，包括杆，该杆的尺寸和形状适于通过管状针通道的第一端容纳在通道中，并且延伸到通道的第二端。一罩与杆相关联，并且构造成适于容纳和基本上罩住针的锐利尖端。一钩部与杆相关联。在该罩罩住针的锐利尖端时，该钩部阻止杆从针的通道收回。

Description

罩住套管锐利尖端的装置及其使用方法
技术领域
本发明大致而言涉及一种安全装置，并且具体来说涉及一种罩住管状针锐利尖端的装置。
背景技术
针组件在医学领域虽然不是具有全部的应用，但是具有特殊的应用，它具有管状针，这些针具有削尖的端部以用来穿透皮肤从而提取所需的物质。该针由用来对针进行操纵的一些其它结构支撑。最普遍的一个例子是注射器。然而，一些针组件在使用中需要用到相当大的力。这种针组件的一个例子是骨髓针组件，它用来穿透皮层骨以到达髓内管道从而提取骨髓的液体或活组织检查试样，或者给管道注入所选的物质。典型地，针包括套管和容纳在套管中的管心针，该管心针具有可以穿透皮层骨的较硬锐利尖端。该尖端从套管的末梢端伸出。在针穿透骨头以后，管心针可以从套管收回，从而使套管的中空内部可以用作液体导管或者容器来收集骨髓。
为了穿透皮层骨，必须给针施加相当大的力。为此，骨针组件通常将针装在手柄中，该手柄的尺寸和形状设计成使医师可以舒服地抓住手柄来施加穿透骨头所需的力。手柄可以包括两个手柄元件，该两个元件可以根据选择装配到一起或者分开，以将管心针插入套管中或者将管心针从套管移除。最接近手柄元件安装管心针而远端手柄元件安装套管。“最接近”和“远端”指的是在针组件使用过程中手柄元件相对于医师的位置。最接近手柄元件在使用中与医师的手掌接触，而远端手柄元件位于远离手掌的最接近手柄元件相对侧。
一些针组件，包括骨针组件，具有相关联的安全机构，在针部件不需要使用时和在它们已经受到可能是危险的生物物质污染之后，这些安全机构用来罩住针部件的锐利尖端。安全机构包括罩以及通常用来将罩锁定在削尖尖端上方合适位置的机构。为方便起见，并且为提高安全部件被医师使用的可能性，安全部件可以固定到针组件上。然而，例如在针组件被用来从髓内管道收集液体或固体试样时，安全部件必须不会碍事。然后安全部件必须从其装载位置解除并移到操作位置，在该操作位置，安全部件的罩覆盖针的削尖尖端。虽然这样是有效的，但这种安全部件增加了针组件的成本并且需要费心思地有意去使用它。
在试样(例如，骨髓试样)被针组件收集的情况中，试样必须从针组件取出。填塞器是一种包括细长杆的装置，该细长杆可以装配在套管中以将骨髓试样推出套管外。这可以在安全罩处于覆盖套管锐利末端位置的情况下完成以保护医师。在一些情况中，试样被确定为不合格从而需要获得第二个试样。这就不需要使用新的针组件，因为该针组件可以在同一个病人身上再次使用。然而，罩被保持在针组件尖端的上方，这就使其不能用来收集第二个试样。因此存在这种需求，即针组件可以容易地进行重置以进行第二次使用，但同时不会导致安全罩不小心松开。
发明内容
大致而言，本发明涉及一种用于罩住套管锐利尖端的安全装置，该套管具有包括第一和第二相对端的内部通道。安全装置包括杆，该杆的尺寸和形状适于通过套管通道的第一端容纳在通道中并延伸到通道的第二端。与杆相关联的罩被构造成当所述杆被接收在套管通道中时容纳和实质上罩住套管的锐利尖端。与杆相关联的钩部适于当杆在罩容纳套管锐利尖端的位置而容纳在套管通道时，用来阻止杆从通道中收回。
在另一个方面，一种收集组织和/或体液试样的针组件大致包括至少部分地限定包括第一和第二相对端的内部通道的套管。该通道适于容纳组织和/或体液试样。杆，该杆的尺寸和形状适于通过套管通道第一端容纳在通道中，并且延伸到通道的第二端以用于移除套管中收集的试样。与杆相关联的罩，该罩构造成当所述杆被接收在套管通道中时容纳和实质上罩住套管锐利尖端。与杆相关联的钩部，该钩部用于与针组件啮合，从而当杆在罩容纳套管锐利尖端的位置而被容纳于通道中时，阻止杆从套管通道收回。
在又另一个方面，一种罩住套管锐利尖端的方法，该套管至少部分地限定包括第一和第二相对端的内部通道，该方法包括在套管通道中收集病人的组织和/或体液试样。杆通过通道第一端插入该通道中，以将试样推到通道第二端之外加以收集。插入步骤包括在杆插入套管预定距离时用罩罩住套管的锐利尖端。阻止通过第一端移出通道的移动来相对于套管保持该杆，从而将罩保持在锐利尖端之上。
在下文中，其它目的和特征将部分变得显而易见，而部分将被指出。
附图说明
图1是骨髓针组件的透视图，该针组件包括针和具有新颖构造的填塞器；
图2是图1填塞器的放大片断透视图；
图3是图1填塞器又一个放大片断侧视图，在该图中，填塞器罩的纵向部分被破开以显示其内部；
图4是图1填塞器的放大片断正视图，示出了填塞器杆上的钩部，该钩部位于从杆侧向向外伸出的延伸位置；
图5是图4的放大片断正视图，但示出的是处于缩回位置的钩部；
图6是图1填塞器杆的透视图，该杆与图1针的通道轴向对齐；
图7是图6针和填塞器的放大片断正视图，但示出的是部分容纳在针内的填塞器杆；
图8是远端手柄元件和针组件套管的侧视图，其中填塞器完全插入针内，并且针罩的零件被破开以显示内部部件；
图9是图8针和杆的放大片断正视图，其中针的零件被破开；
图10是针组件的远端手柄元件、套管和填塞器的放大详图，其中零件被破开以显示钩部；
图11是根据本发明原理构造的填塞器另一实施例的片断正视图；以及
图12是图11填塞器的片断纵向剖面图。
在整个附图中相应的附图标记表示相应的零件。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图，尤其是图1，根据本发明原理构造的医疗器械以骨针组件的形式示出，该组件通常以10表示。骨针组件包括手柄12(广义上讲，“安装结构”)和针14，所有的附图标记都通常表示它们的主体。针14包括管心针18和可以容纳管心针的套管20。手柄12包括安装管心针18的第一或最接近手柄元件(通常以22表示)，以及安装套管20的第二或远端手柄元件(通常以24表示)。可以理解，在本发明范围内，针可以仅包括单个部件，或者多于两个部件。相似地，手柄可以是单个部件或多于两个部件。在不超出本发明的范围内，针14的安装结构可以不同于手柄。针组件10还包括修改过的填塞器形式的安全装置，该填塞器通常以26表示并且根据本发明的教导而构造。如下面将要全面说明的，该修改过的填塞器26可以用来罩住套管20的锐利尖端28，并且可以用来移除套管中收集的试样。
套管20具有沿着套管长度延伸的中心轴向通道以及位于套管两端的开口。套管20的远端具有斜面并被削尖。套管20的最接近端部分容纳在远端手柄元件24中，并且该端部分的开口延伸穿过手柄。管心针18是实心的，并且包括锐利的远端30，以及容纳在最接近手柄元件22中的最接近端部分。管心针18可以通过套管20最接近端部分中的轴向通道开口而插入。管心针18可以通过套管的轴向通道完全容纳，从而使其锐利末端从套管的远端28轴向向外伸出。管心针18为穿透皮层骨提供了工具，并且一旦针14到达了髓内管道，该管心针就可以从套管20移除。管心针18和套管20优选由结实的、通常为硬金属的材料构成，尽管它们也可以由其它材料构成。
由最接近和远端手柄元件22、24形成的手柄12具有符合人类工程学的形状，该形状可以舒服地容纳在医师的手中，并且在医师施加相当大的力来穿透骨头时允许他或她容易地控制针组件10。具体而言，最接近手柄元件22的顶部或最接近表面38是与手掌形状相适应的圆形。远端手柄元件24的底部或远端表面40也是圆形，但是在形状上有起伏以形成容纳医师手指的手指井40A。在不超出本发明的范围内，手柄的形状还可以不同于这里所描述的。在管心针18容纳在套管20中时(如图1所示)，最接近和远端手柄元件22、24可以以合适的方式连接到一起，以使手柄12在驱动针14通过病人皮肤进入骨头时基本上作为单个零件。最接近和远端手柄元件22、24可以断开连接并且移开，以从套管20中移除管心针18。手柄优选由塑料材料构成，尽管它还可以由其它材料构成。
通过抓住手柄12并且推动管心针18穿过皮肤、皮下组织和皮层骨，针组件10被驱动进入骨头。一旦已经完成这种穿透，则管心针18就不再需要。最接近手柄元件22与远端手柄元件24断开连接并且轴向移动远离远端手柄元件，从而使管心针18滑出套管20的中心轴向通道，而套管仍保持在骨头内。为了收集骨髓试样，远端手柄元件被进一步推进到骨头中。套管20的锐利尖端28切入骨髓中，并且试样被容纳在套管的中心轴向通道中。然后通过在远端手柄元件24上施加拉力，套管20可以从病人体内收回。试样将仍存留在靠近锐利端部28的套管20中心轴向通道中。可以理解，在本发明的范围内，针组件可以用来收集除了骨髓之外的其它试样。
参照图2和3，填塞器26可以用来移除已经收集在套管20中心轴向通道中的存留骨髓试样。填塞器26包括把手45，如下面将要描述的，该把手的形状和尺寸适于由使用者抓住来操纵填塞器26。通常为管状的罩48从把手45延伸并且具有与把手关联的封闭端、相对端以及通常位于两端之间的管状通道51。把手45和罩48优选整体形成，并且由塑料材料构成，但还可以考虑将把手和罩单独地形成和/或由其它材料构成。如图8最佳所示，细长杆55从罩48管状主体的封闭端延伸通过管状主体的开口端，并且与圆柱形腔51大致上同轴，该细长杆的尺寸适于以大致紧密配合的关系容纳在套管20的中心轴向通道中。杆55优选由硬金属材料构成，尽管其它类型的材料也可以使用。腔51的尺寸和形状适于在杆55容纳在套管轴向通道中时至少紧贴地容纳针14套管20的锐利尖端28。在图示实施例中，血吸收剂主体57设置在腔51中。吸收剂主体57围绕着杆55。主体57可以被穿透以至少容纳套管20的尖端28，并且用于吸收生物流体。在一个实施例中，吸收剂主体57可以由抗菌材料制成以抑制细菌的生长。吸收剂主体57用于保留生物流体，例如血液和其它可能从罩48中的套管20尖端28流出的流体。主体57可以由海绵材料或塑料材料或任意其它本领域公知的用来吸收生物流体尤其是这种从针流出流体的材料构成。在本发明的范围内，吸收剂主体57可以以其它方式形成或者省略掉。
参照图2和4-5，通常以60表示的钩部设置在填塞器26杆55上大致临近杆自由端的地方。图示实施例的钩部60包括折翼部62，该折翼部连接到杆55以使其可以绕与杆成横向的轴线枢转。杆55具有尺寸和形状适于共形地容纳折翼部62的凹部65。折翼部62和相关凹部65以如下方式形成，即切开杆55的纵向段，而同时留下连接到杆上的与折翼部自由端相对的一端以形成活动铰链67。折翼部62在延伸位置(图4)和缩回位置(图5)之间可以绕铰链67枢转，在该延伸位置，折翼部从杆55大致侧向向外伸出，而在该缩回位置，折翼部基本上容纳在凹部65中。在折翼部位于缩回位置时(图5)，折翼部62的外表面和杆55的外表面大致齐平。在图示实施例中，仅折翼部62的一小部分保持连接到杆55上，并且折翼部偏向延伸位置。为了即将明了的原因，折翼部62被形成为使其偏向以朝着杆55的自由端枢转。而且，铰链67应当足够结实以承受得住折翼部62至少一些的反复枢转。如下面将要解释的，只要折翼部自由端与杆中心轴线之间的径向距离D(图4)稍微大于位于最接近端处的套管20轴向通道开口的半径，则折翼部62的长度和折翼部从杆55偏向延伸的角度不是至关紧要的。
可以考虑折翼部62与杆55单独形成，并且以合适的方式(未示出)连接到其上。例如，折翼部可以通过焊接或其它形成活动铰链的方式连接到杆55上，或者折翼部可以使用不同于活动铰链的铰链进行连接。例如，弹簧铰链可以用来偏置折翼部，或者非偏置铰链也可以与其它合适的偏置折翼部的方式一起使用，例如与折翼部自由端部分关联的弹簧。而且，可以考虑杆没有容纳折翼部的凹部。作为替代方式，折翼部可以包括优选由金属制成的薄片，该薄片具有与杆表面接触的内表面和外表面。这两个表面具有相同的形状以及与杆表面大致相同的曲率半径，以使折翼部在其缩回位置大致齐平地紧靠在杆的表面上。还可以考虑其它方式来形成和使用本发明的折翼部，并且它们也在本发明的范围内。
参照图6，示出了填塞器26的初始位置，其中杆55的自由端在尖端28处与套管20的中心轴向通道对齐。如上所述，折翼部62初始位于延伸位置(即从杆55大致横向延伸)。如图6和7中方向箭头A所示，把手45被推动以将杆55推进入中心轴向通道，并且随着杆的推进，折翼部62在其包括活动铰链67的端部接触尖端28，从而使折翼部枢转或朝着凹部65折下。最后，在杆55在套管通道内推进的过程中，折翼部62通过与套管20的啮合而被推到其缩回位置，由此它基本上被容纳在凹部65中，并且其外表面基本上与填塞器26杆55的外表面齐平(例如，见图5)。由于杆55与通道之间的大致紧固配合，折翼部62在通道内大致保持在缩回位置。填塞器26杆55可以继续在通道内推进而不会受到来自折翼部的较大阻碍。随着杆55推进，它将试样推向中心轴向通道最接近端处的开口并且将其推到套管外，试样在套管外被收集到有盖培养皿或其它合适的容器中。
参照图8-10，随着杆55在中心轴向通道中的推进，套管20的尖端28进入罩48的腔51中。套管20的尖端28在腔51中朝着把手45前进，并且穿透进入血吸收剂主体57(图9)。医师继续推进杆55直到折翼部62的自由端离开与中心轴向通道最接近端相关联的开口为止(图10)。如图8所示，优选地，折翼部62的自由端一直没有离开通道，直到至少套管20的尖端容纳在罩48的腔51中为止。而且，在套管29尖端28与罩48封闭端接触之前，折翼部62应当离开与通道最接近端相关联的开口。
如图10最佳所示，当折翼部62的自由端离开轴向通道时，它朝着杆55的自由端枢转并且进入其延伸位置。在该延伸位置，侧向延伸的折翼部62阻止杆55从套管20通道中缩回，因为折翼部自由端与杆纵轴线之间的径向距离D大于与中心轴向通道最接近端相关联的开口的半径。折翼部62卡在套管20邻近与中心轴向通道最接近端相关联的开口的边缘上，并且不能移回到该开口中。这样实质上将填塞器26固定到套管20上。可以设想折翼部62与除了套管20以外的结构啮合，从而将填塞器26固定在罩住套管尖端28的位置。例如，折翼部62可以与远端手柄元件24的一部分(未示出)啮合。
折翼部62应当设置在填塞器26的杆55上的一个地方，以使折翼部至少可以阻止套管20的尖端28从罩48的腔51中移开。因而，折翼部62沿着杆55长度的合适位置取决于杆的长度、套管20通道的长度以及腔51的长度。套管20的尖端28保持在罩48的腔51中可以防止医师以及其他人被尖端刺到。杆55也许并且极有可能在套管20中心轴向通道中有一些有限的纵向移动。只要在折翼部62处于延伸位置时至少套管20的尖端28保持在罩48的腔51内，那么有限的移动是符合要求的。
在本发明的一个版本中，远端手柄元件24和折翼部62按如下方式构造和设置，即在折翼部在套管20中心轴向通道的最接近端与远端手柄元件或与套管啮合时，该折翼部基本上是不能进入的。因此，一旦折翼部62被啮合，尖端28就可以牢固地并实质上不可逆地保持在罩48的腔51中。还可以设想，填塞器26可以构造成使其可以从套管20的中心轴向通道移除。例如，如果收集在套管20中的试样不符合要求，就需要获得第二个试样。这可以使用相同的针组件10来完成。为了可以进行第二次使用，可以对折翼部62和远端手柄元件24进行构造，以在折翼部啮合于套管20中心轴向通道最接近端处之后，允许折翼部进入。医师将折翼部62配置在缩回位置并且将其保持在该位置。例如，医师可以用他或她的手指或任意其它可以压下折翼部62的装置，例如镊子或其它合适的器械来将其压下，从而将折翼部62保持在凹部65中。医师在从套管通道收回杆55时将折翼部62保持在缩回位置。一旦折翼部62的自由端进入与中心轴向通道最接近端相关联的开口，则不再需要将折翼部保持在缩回位置，并且填塞器的整个杆55可以容易地从通道收回。然后组件10可以准备进行第二次使用。
参照图11和12，本发明安全装置的另一个实施例是填塞器形式，并且通常以126表示。该实施例与前面图1-10的实施例相似，因而为了方便，安全装置的相应部件将由相应的附图标记加上100表示。该实施例与前面图1-10实施例的区别在于该实施例的钩部160包括啮合元件162，该啮合元件至少部分地容纳在形成于填塞器126的杆155的穴165中(图12)。啮合元件162可以在延伸位置和缩回位置之间移动，在该延伸位置，该元件的突出部分从穴165侧向向外延伸，而在该缩回位置，该元件实质上完全容纳在穴中。在啮合元件162处于缩回位置时，突出部分的外表面可以大致与杆155的外表面齐平。设置在穴165内的片簧175使啮合元件162偏向延伸位置。其它类型的弹簧，例如盘簧，也可以考虑使用。设置在啮合元件162上的止动件178将该元件的未突出部分保持在穴165内。在图示的实施例中，啮合元件162的突出部分具有面向杆155自由端的第一表面180A和面向把手145的相对第二表面180B。为了下面将要讨论的原因，第一表面180A远离杆155逐渐变细，而第二表面180B大致垂直于杆延伸。
该实施例的填塞器126基本上以和前面实施例相同的方式使用。在填塞器126的初始位置，啮合元件162被配置在其延伸位置，即该啮合元件的突出部分从穴165侧向向外延伸。填塞器126的杆155在尖端28处插入套管20的通道中。随着杆155在通道中推进，啮合元件162突出部分的第一表面180A接触套管28的尖端28。由于倾斜的第一表面180A，啮合元件162被迫使进入穴165中，从而压缩弹簧175。随着杆155的推进，啮合元件162被迫使基本上完全进入穴165(即处于缩回位置)，并且啮合元件进入通道。随着杆155在通道内的推进，处于缩回位置的啮合元件162基本上保持完全处于穴165内，虽然该元件上表面的一部分会接触通道的壁。如同前面的实施例一样，套管20的尖端28进入罩148的腔151中，并且啮合元件162在与中心轴向通道最接近端相关联的开口处离开通道。当啮合元件162离开时，弹簧175扩展迫使该元件到穴165的外面从而进入延伸位置。如果杆155沿着将其从中心轴向通道缩回的方向移动，啮合元件162的第二表面180B同与中心轴向通道最接近端相关联的开口的边缘啮合，并且阻止填塞器126从通道收回。为了拆卸组件，例如如上所述如果需要第二个试样，则医师例如通过手指压下啮合元件从而压缩弹簧175来使啮合元件162返回到穴165中。然后杆155可以从通道收回。
在介绍本发明或其(一些)优选实施例的元件时，冠词“一”、“该”和“所述”用来表示有一个或多个元件。术语“包括”、“包含”和“具有”用来表示进行包括，并且意味着除了所列元件以外还可以有另外的元件。
鉴于上面的描述，可以看出本发明的数个目的都得到了实现并且还获得了其它有利的结果。
由于在不超出本发明范围的情况下，可以对上述构造和方法进行各种改变，因此本发明意图在于，上面描述所包含的和附图所示出的所有内容都应以示例方式进行解释，而不应从限制意义上进行解释。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于罩住套管(20)锐利尖端(28)的安全装置，该套管具有包括相对的第一端和第二端的内部通道，该安全装置包括：
杆(55，155)，该杆的尺寸和形状适于通过套管通道的第一端容纳在该通道中并且延伸到该通道的第二端；
罩(48，148)，该罩与所述杆相关联，并且该罩构造成当所述杆被接收在套管通道中时容纳和基本上罩住套管的锐利尖端；
钩部(60，160)，该钩部与所述杆相关联，当所述杆在所述罩容纳套管的锐利尖端的位置被容纳在通道中时，该钩部用于阻止杆从套管通道收回。
2.根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述钩部(60，160)安装在所述杆(55，155)上以在缩回位置和延伸位置之间移动，在该缩回位置，钩部更加靠近杆以便移动通过套管通道，在该延伸位置，所述钩部从杆向外伸出。
3.根据权利要求2所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述钩部(60，160)偏向延伸位置，所述钩部用于在其进入套管(20)通道第一端时移动到缩回位置，而在其离开通道第二端时移动到延伸位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述钩部(60)包括从杆(55)沿纵向部分切开的折翼部(62)、相关凹部(65)以及活动铰链(67)，该活动铰链将折翼部可枢转地连接到杆上并且使折翼部偏向延伸位置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述折翼部(62)在处于缩回位置时基本上容纳在凹部(65)中。
6.根据权利要求3所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述钩部(160)包括啮合元件(162)以及弹簧(175)，该啮合元件容纳在杆(155)中的穴(165)内，该弹簧使啮合元件偏置从而伸出穴外并且进入所述延伸位置，其中啮合元件在处于缩回位置时基本上容纳在穴中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的安全装置，其特征在于，当所述啮合元件(162)用于与套管(20)尖端(28)接触的第一表面(180A)接触所述尖端时，该第一表面倾斜地离开尖端，以迫使啮合元件进入穴(165)中并进入缩回位置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其特征在于，该安全装置还包括吸收剂主体(57)，该吸收剂主体设置在罩(48)中以将来自套管(20)通道的流体保留在罩中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述吸收剂主体由抗菌材料制成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述安全装置是用来从套管(20)通道中移除试样的填塞器(26，126)。
11.一种用来收集组织和/或体液试样的针组件(10)，该针组件包括：
套管(20)，该套管至少部分地限定包括相对的第一端和第二端的内部通道，该第一端具有锐利尖端(28)，该通道用于容纳组织和/或体液试样；
杆(55，155)，该杆的尺寸和形状适于通过套管通道的第一端容纳在该通道中，并且延伸到该通道的第二端以移除套管中收集的试样；
罩(48)，该罩与所述杆相关联，并且该罩构造成当所述杆被接收在套管通道中时容纳和基本上罩住套管的锐利尖端；
钩部(60，160)，该钩部与杆相关联，该钩部用于与针组件啮合，从而当杆在罩容纳套管的锐利尖端的位置被容纳于通道中时，该钩部阻止杆从套管通道收回。
12.根据权利要求11所述的针组件(10)，其特征在于，所述钩部(60，160)安装在所述杆(55，155)上以在缩回位置和延伸位置之间移动，在该缩回位置，钩部更加靠近杆以便移动通过套管通道，而在该延伸位置，所述钩部从杆向外伸出。
13.根据权利要求12所述的针组件(10)，其特征在于，所述钩部(60，160)偏向延伸位置，所述钩部用于在其进入套管(20)通道第一端时移动到缩回位置，而在其离开通道第二端时移动到延伸位置。
14.根据权利要求13所述的针组件(10)，其特征在于，所述钩部(60)包括从杆(55)沿纵向部分切开的折翼部(62)、相关凹部(65)以及活动铰链(67)，该活动铰链将折翼部可枢转地连接到杆上并且使折翼部偏向延伸位置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的针组件(10)，其特征在于，所述折翼部(62)在处于缩回位置时基本上容纳在凹部(65)中。
16.根据权利要求13所述的针组件(10)，其特征在于，所述钩部(160)包括啮合元件(162)以及弹簧(175)，该啮合元件容纳在杆(155)中的穴(165)内，该弹簧使啮合元件偏置从而伸出穴外并且进入所述延伸位置，其中啮合元件在处于缩回位置时基本上容纳在穴中。
17.根据权利要求16所述的针组件(10)，其特征在于，当所述啮合元件(162)用于与套管(20)尖端(28)接触的第一表面(180A)接触所述尖端时，该第一表面倾斜地离开尖端，以迫使啮合元件进入穴(165)中并进入缩回位置。
18.根据权利要求11所述的针组件(10)，其特征在于，该针组件还包括吸收剂主体(57)，该吸收剂主体设置在罩(48)中以将来自套管(20)通道的流体保留在罩中。
19.根据权利要求18所述的针组件(10)，其特征在于，所述吸收剂主体由抗菌材料制成。
20.一种罩住套管(20)锐利尖端(28)的方法，该套管至少部分地限定包括相对的第一端和第二端的内部通道，该方法包括：
将杆(55，155)通过所述通道的第一端插入该通道中，以将收集在套管通道中的试样推到通道第二端之外以收集该试样，该插入步骤包括在杆插入套管中预定距离时用罩(48)罩住套管的锐利尖端；
相对于套管保持杆以免杆通过第一端移出通道外，从而将罩保持在锐利尖端之上。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述杆(55，155)插入通道的步骤还包括当安装于杆上的钩部(60，160)接触套管第一端时缩回该钩部，从而使该钩部更加靠近杆以便杆移动通过套管(20)通道。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保持杆(55，155)的步骤包括将缩回的钩部(60，160)延伸到一位置，在该位置，钩部在离开通道第二端时从杆向外伸出。
23.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保持杆(55，155)的步骤包括延伸用于啮合的钩部(60，160)，以将杆保持在通道中。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，还包括释放钩部(60，160)，以允许杆(55，155)从通道收回。
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US20100217152A1 (en) 2010-08-26
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US7731692B2 (en) 2010-06-08
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