CA2478324A1 - Reducing effect of magnetic and electromagnetic fields on an implant's magnet and/or electronics - Google Patents

Reducing effect of magnetic and electromagnetic fields on an implant's magnet and/or electronics Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2478324A1
CA2478324A1 CA002478324A CA2478324A CA2478324A1 CA 2478324 A1 CA2478324 A1 CA 2478324A1 CA 002478324 A CA002478324 A CA 002478324A CA 2478324 A CA2478324 A CA 2478324A CA 2478324 A1 CA2478324 A1 CA 2478324A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
magnet
implant
switch
housing
implant according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002478324A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2478324C (en
Inventor
Martin Zimmerling
Erwin S. Hochmair
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MED EL Elektromedizinische Geraete GmbH
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2478324A1 publication Critical patent/CA2478324A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2478324C publication Critical patent/CA2478324C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/37—Monitoring; Protecting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1863—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast comprising mechanisms for improved reliability, e.g. status reports
    • H04L12/1868—Measures taken after transmission, e.g. acknowledgments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1863—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast comprising mechanisms for improved reliability, e.g. status reports
    • H04L12/1877—Measures taken prior to transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/189—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast in combination with wireless systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
    • H04W4/14—Short messaging services, e.g. short message services [SMS] or unstructured supplementary service data [USSD]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/37—Monitoring; Protecting
    • A61N1/3718—Monitoring of or protection against external electromagnetic fields or currents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0073—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding actuated by relative movement between two magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support

Abstract

An implantable magnet that can freely turn in response to an external magnetic field, thus avoiding torque and demagnetization on the implantable magnet. The implantable magnet can be combined with an electric switching function depending on the orientation of an external magnetic field, thus protecting an implanted coil and / or implant electronics against induction of over-voltage or performing an electric switching function for other various purposes. The magnetic switch may further include, for example, a first switching contact and a second switching contact. A magnetically soft body that includes an electrically conductive surface is shiftable between a first position where the body is in simultaneous contact with the first and second switching contacts, and a second position where the body is out of contact with at least one of the first and second switching contacts. The body and the implantable magnet are positioned such that the body is shifted to one of the first position and the second position as a function of the external magnetic field resulting in a magnetic force between the magnet and the magnetically soft body.

Claims (56)

1. A magnetic switch comprising:
a first switching contact and a second switching contact;
a magnet free to rotate such that the magnet is capable of aligning at least partially with an external magnetic field; and a magnetically soft body shiftable between a first position where the body is in simultaneous contact with the first and second switching contacts, and a second position where the body is out of contact with at least one of the first and second switching contacts, the body including an electrically conductive surface, the body and magnet positioned such that the body is shifted to one of the first position and the second position as a function of the external magnetic field resulting in a magnetic force between the magnet and the magnetically soft body.
2. The magnetic switch according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is a sphere.
3. The magnetic switch according to claim 1, wherein the magnetically soft body includes a calotte having a curvature that follows an adjacent surface of the magnet.
4. The magnetic switch according to claim 1, wherein the magnet is cylindrical.
5. The magnetic switch according to claim 4, wherein the magnetically soft body is a cuboid with a concave side that follows an adjacent surface of the magnet.
6. The magnetic switch according to claim 1, wherein the switch is enclosed in a housing.
7. The magnetic switch according to claim 6, wherein the housing is non-magnetic.
8. The magnetic switch according to claim 1, wherein the switch is hermetically encapsulated.
9. The magnetic switch according to claim 1, wherein the switch is used to switch between operating modes in an implant.
10. A cochlear implant comprising:
a first coil adapted to be electromagnetically coupled with a second coil of an external device; and the switch of claim 1.
11. The implant according to claim 10, wherein the switch provides overvoltage protection as a function of an orientation of the external magnetic field.
12. The implant according to claim 10, wherein the switch is used to switch between operating modes of the implant.
13. An implant comprising:
a housing; and at least one magnet free to turn in the housing such that the at least one magnet is capable of aligning at least partially with an external magnetic field.
14. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is adapted to be magnetically attracted to a non-implanted magnet of an external device so as to hold the external device in a desired position relative to the implant.
15. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the implant is a cochlear implant.
16. The implant according to claim 13, further comprising a first coil adapted to be electromagnetically coupled with a second coil of an external device.
17. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the housing is an encapsulation that hermetically seals the at least one magnet.
18. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the housing includes a magnetically soft material at least partially surrounding the at least one magnet.
19. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the housing includes a material selected from the group of materials consisting of titanium, nonmagnetic stainless steel, and ceramic.
20. The implant according to claim 13, wherein one of the housing and magnet includes a Teflon surface.
21. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is coated with a conductive surface.
22. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is spherically shaped.
23. The implant according to claim 22, wherein the at least one magnet includes a plurality of spherically shaped magnets.
24. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is a cylindrical magnet.
25. The implant according to claim 24, wherein the cylindrical magnet has a cylindrical axis, the cylindrical magnet capable of turning about the cylindrical axis.
26. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is capable of turning in response to the external magnetic field so as to avoid torque being exerted to the implant.
27. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is capable of turning in response to the external magnetic field so as to avoid demagnetization of the at least one magnet.
28. The implant according to claim 13, wherein the at least one magnet is capable of turning in response to the external magnetic field so as to minimize imaging artifacts when conducting Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
29. An implant comprising:
a magnet adapted to be magnetically attracted to a non-implanted magnet of an external device so as to hold the external device in a desired position relative to the implant; and a magnetically soft material partially surrounding the magnet so as to reduce the torque and/or demagnetization of the magnet caused by an external magnetic field.
30. The implant according to claim 29, wherein the implant is a cochlear implant.
31. A magnetic switch comprising:
a housing;
a first switching contact and a second switching contact positioned on the housing; and a magnet free to rotate in the housing, the magnet including at least one conductive surface covering a portion of the magnet, wherein the magnet is capable of rotating, in response to an external magnetic field, to one of a first position and a second position, the first position where the at least one conducting surface is in contact with both the first and second switching contacts, the second position where the conducting surface is out of contact with at least one of the first and second switching contacts.
32. The magnetic switch according to claim 31, wherein the conducting surface covers a magnetic pole.
33. The magnetic switch according to claim 31, wherein the magnet is substantially spherical.
34. The magnetic switch according to claim 31, wherein the magnet includes a recessed and/or grooved region.
35. The magnetic switch according to claim 34, wherein the recessed and/or grooved region has a surface which is non-conductive.
36. The magnetic switch according to claim 31, wherein the switch is used to switch between operating modes in an implant.
37. A cochlear implant comprising:

a first coil adapted to be electromagnetically coupled with a second coil of an external device; and the switch of claim 31.
38. The implant according to claim 37, wherein the switch provides overvoltage protection as a function of an orientation of the external magnetic field.
39. The implant according to claim 37, wherein the switch is used to switch between operating modes of the implant.
40. A magnetic switch comprising:
a housing;
at least one spring contact, each contact including a pin for driving the contact;
and a magnet free to rotate in the housing such that the magnet is capable of aligning at least partially with an external magnetic field, the magnet including at least one recessed region, the magnet and the pin positioned such that the magnet contacts and drive the pin when the pin is not aligned with one of the at least one recessed regions, the pin not being driven when the pin is aligned with one of the at least one recessed regions.
41. The magnetic switch according to claim 40, wherein the at least one recessed region is positioned at a magnetic pole.
42. The magnetic switch according to claim 40, wherein the magnet includes a north pole and a south pole, the at least one recessed region positioned between the north pole and the south pole.
43. The magnetic switch according to claim 40, wherein the switch is used to switch between operating modes in an implant.
44. A cochlear implant comprising:
a first coil adapted to be electromagnetically coupled with a second coil of an external device; and the switch of claim 40.
45. The implant according to claim 44 wherein the switch provides overvoltage protection as a function of an orientation of the external magnetic field.
46. The implant according to claim 44, wherein the switch is used to switch between operating modes of the implant.
47. An implant comprising:
a housing;
a magnet positioned within the housing, the magnet free to rotate such that the magnet is capable of aligning at least partially with an external magnetic field; and a magnetically soft body coupled to the housing, the magnetically soft body positioned adjacent the magnet so as to provide a path of low reluctance to the magnet.
48. The implant according to claim 47, wherein the magnet is adapted to be magnetically attracted to a non-implanted magnet of an external device, so as to hold the external device in a desired position relative to the implant and such that the magnetically soft body is positioned between the magnet and the non-implanted magnet.
49. The implant according to claim 47, wherein the magnet is one of a spherical magnet and a cylindrical magnet.
50. The implant according to claim 47, wherein the body includes a calotte shaped to fit the surface of the magnet.
51. The implant according to claim 47, further including a lubricant placed between the magnet and the body.
52. The implant according to claim 47, wherein the magnet includes a Teflon surface.
53. A cochlear implant comprising:
a first coil adapted to be electromagnetically coupled with a second coil of an external device; and the switch of claim 46.
54. An implant comprising:
a housing; and a volume of Ferrofluid located within the housing, wherein the Ferrofluid becomes magnetized in the direction of an external magnetic field.
55. The implant according to claim 54, wherein the volume of Ferrofluid is adapted to be magnetically attracted to a non-implanted magnet of an external device, so as to hold the external device in a desired position relative to the implant.
56. The implant according to claim 55, wherein the implant is a cochlear implant.
CA2478324A 2002-04-01 2003-04-01 Reducing effect of magnetic and electromagnetic fields on an implant's magnet and/or electronics Expired - Lifetime CA2478324C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36920802P 2002-04-01 2002-04-01
US60/369,208 2002-04-01
US38745502P 2002-06-10 2002-06-10
US60/387,455 2002-06-10
PCT/IB2003/002283 WO2003081976A2 (en) 2002-04-01 2003-04-01 Reducing effect of magnetic and electromagnetic fields on an implants magnet and/or electronic

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2478324A1 true CA2478324A1 (en) 2003-10-09
CA2478324C CA2478324C (en) 2011-09-06

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ID=28678266

Family Applications (1)

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CA2478324A Expired - Lifetime CA2478324C (en) 2002-04-01 2003-04-01 Reducing effect of magnetic and electromagnetic fields on an implant's magnet and/or electronics

Country Status (5)

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US (9) US6838963B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1490148A2 (en)
AU (2) AU2003233025B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2478324C (en)
WO (1) WO2003081976A2 (en)

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US7566296B2 (en) 2009-07-28
US6838963B2 (en) 2005-01-04
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