CA2023297C - Tool joint and method of hardfacing same - Google Patents
Tool joint and method of hardfacing sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA2023297C CA2023297C CA002023297A CA2023297A CA2023297C CA 2023297 C CA2023297 C CA 2023297C CA 002023297 A CA002023297 A CA 002023297A CA 2023297 A CA2023297 A CA 2023297A CA 2023297 C CA2023297 C CA 2023297C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tool joint
- hardfacing
- granules
- weld puddle
- inches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002311 subsequent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1085—Wear protectors; Blast joints; Hard facing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
- B23K9/046—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces on surfaces of revolution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
Abstract
A method is provided for applying grooved bands of hardsurfacing on a tool joint for earth boring drill pipe. The hardfacing of the tool joint has tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix. The tool joint is rotated and an arc between an electrode and the tool joint is provided to create a weld puddle. The electrode is reciprocated parallel to the tool joint axis and the granules are fed into the weld puddle with the puddle being applied to the grooved bands around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from be-tween about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches. The feed of the granules into the weld puddle is discontinued and the weld puddle is continued to be applied around the tool joint and in the grooved bands to provide a protruding substantially tungsten carbide free hardfacing surface about the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 inches to about 0.175 inches, and.the hardfacing surface is machined down to substan-tially the outer diameter of the tool joint. A tool joint having the above characteristices also is provided.
Description
~-2~7 TOOL JOINT AND METHOD OF HARDFACING SAME
BACKGROU~D OF THE INVENTION
(1) FIELD OF THE INVENTION: This invention relates in general to earth boring drill pipe and to hardsurfacing of tool joints or connection members relative to the drill pipe.
BACKGROU~D OF THE INVENTION
(1) FIELD OF THE INVENTION: This invention relates in general to earth boring drill pipe and to hardsurfacing of tool joints or connection members relative to the drill pipe.
(2) DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART: The most common drill pipe used in earth boring operations have connection members or tool joints on each end that are larger in diameter than the drlll pipe. Annular bands of hardfacing are commonly deposited on each tool joint. One type of hard'acing h~s macroscopic sintered tungsten carbide granules within an alloy steel matrix. Sintered tungsten carbide granules, as explained in U.S. Patent No. 3,800,891, comprise microscopic grains of tungsten carbide held together by a binder of an iron group metal, usually cobalt. Sintered tungsten carbide hardfacing is normally applied on tool ioints by rotating the tool ioint, providing an arc with a consumable steel wire, discharging an inert gas around the wire, and gravity feeding sintered tung-sten carbide granules into the weld puddle behind the wire.
One disadvantage of the resulting sintered tungsten carbide hardfacing is that many of the granules remain only partially embedded in the matrix, giving a rough, abrasive exterior. In deep wells, intermediate strings of casing are set as the well is drilled. While drilling deeper through a string of intermediate casing, the rough surface of the hard-facing can abrade and damage the casing. Consequently, it is advantageous to have a hardfacing surface free of protruding tungsten carblde granules. In U.S. Patent No. 4,243,727, entitled "SURFACE SMOOTHED TOOL JOINT HARDFACING", a method and apparatus is shown for hardfacing tool joints using tungsten ~ ~ _ .
. ~ .
~ 2~2~7 1 , carbide granules that results in a smooth exterior. The gran-ules are dropped directly into the arc, rather than behind the arc. T~,is concentrates the granules toward the bottom of the hardfacing deposit and results in a harder matrix near the bottom, as well.
In U.S. Patent No. 4,228,339, an improved method for hardsurfacing the tool joints is provided in which annular bands of hardfacing are applied using tungsten carbide granules ~ in a steel matrix applied by means of an electrode to the 10 ~ welding pudd1e.
It has been dlscovered that it is extremely difficult to machine down the hardfacing containing the tungsten carbide granules, because of their extreme hardness. The removal of the outer layer of tungsten carbide granules in hardfacing is necessary so that the hardfacing itself will not cut into or wear a surface of the casing through which the tool joint typically will be inserted. In instances in which tungsten carbide granules are within the matrix forming the hardfacing, considerable time is required to machine down the tungsten carbide granules, thus contributing significantly to the total cost of the hardfacing operation. The present invention is an improvement upon the process and product of the '339 patent, cited above, in that the puddle containing the steel matrix and the tungsten carbide granules therein is deposited in the grooves by the electrode to a given depth and thereafter the feed of granules into the weld puddle is discontinued with a continuation of the application of the puddle by the electrode to the groove to provide a protruding substantially tungsten carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint. The protruding substantially tungsten carbide free ~: ffl hardfacing may then be machined down to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint. Because the protruding hardfacing surface does not contain tungsten carbide granules, the machining operation may be effected with considerable savings of time and e~uipment.
The invention in one aspect provides a method of applying grooved bands of hardsurfacing on a tool joint for earth boring drill pipe, the hardfacing having tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix. The method includes the steps of rotating the tool joint, providing an arc between an electrode and the tool joint to create a weld puddle, reciprocating the electrode parallel to the tool joint axis and feeding granules into the weld puddle. The improvement comprising applying the weld puddle within a groove around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches, discontinuing the feed of the granules into the weld puddle and continuing the application of the weld puddle around the tool joint and in the grooves to provide a protruding substantially tungsten carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 inches to about 0.175 inches.
The invention also pertains to a tool joint for earth boring drill pipe comprising (l) grooved bands of hardfacing (2) tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel :-matrix deposited in the hardfacing. The grooved bands of hardfacing are provided by the process of (a) rotating the tool joint, (b) providing an arc between an electrode and the tool joint to create a weld puddle, (c) reciprocating the electrode parallel to the tool joint axis, (d) feeding granules into the weld puddle, (e) applying the weld puddle within the grooved bands around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about r 0 20232q7 0.150 inches, (f) discontinuing the feed of the granules into the weld puddle and (g) continuing the application of the weld puddle around the tool joint and in the grooved bands. Thus there is provided (3) a protruding substantially carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 to about 0.175 inches.
The invention further provides a tool joint for earth boring drill pipe comprising a metallic cylindrical housing adaptable at at least one end for securement to a drill pipe member and an outer face around the exterior of the housing, a portion of the face having hardfacing comprising tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix, the hardfacing extending outwardly of the housing no more than substantially the outer diameter of the housing, the hardfacing having no tungsten carbide granules within the substantially outer diameter of the housing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a portion of a tool joint constructed in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the tool joint of Fig.
1 taken along line 2 - 2.
Fig. 3 is a view similar to that of Fig. 2 taken subsequent to the machining operation.
20~3297 1 Fig. 4 is a generally schematic end view of the apparatus for the hardfacing method.
Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 3 showing the apparatus and procedure when the feed of the granules is discontinued into the weld puddle.
Fig. 6 is an x-y axis chart of a wear test of a bare tool joint onto a piece of casing.
Fig. 7 is an axial chart similar to that of Fig. 6 showing the results of a test of a tool joint made in accordance 10 i with the present method in comparls~n with ths effect of thc same testing on bare tool joint a~ illustrated in Fiy. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Now with reference to the illustration of Fig. 1, there is shown a portion of a tool ~oint 11 with grooved bands 13 of hardfacing. As shown in Fig. 2, sintered tungsten carbide granules 15 are embedded in the portion 17b of the hardfacing deposit. A portion 17a of the hardfacing deposit around the exterior of the tool joint 11, a given depth, is applied subse-quent to the application of the matrix 17b containing the particles 15, but the portion 17a of the matrix does not con-tain any such tungsten carbide granules or particles 15. The surface 19 will be substantially free of protruding particles 15 prior to machining of the outer diameter defined by that portion 17a of the deposited ~atrix within the band or groove 13. The hardfacing both with the sintered tungsten carbide granules 15 and without the granules 15 has been deposited on the tool joint 11 by a hardfacing apparatus 21 and procedure as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
Apparatus 21 includes means (not shown) for holding the tool joint 11 in a horizontal position and for rotating it `- 2~23~
. . .
1 , in the direction shown by arrow 23. A guide member 25 is mounted with its lower surface above the tool joint 11 approxi-mately 3/4 inch, or so. A consumable steel wire matrix 27 is mounted on a driven roller 29 that feeds the wire through the center of a guide member 25 toward the tool joint 11. The lower tip of the wire 27 is positioned approximately 1/8 inch or so from the surface of the tool joint 11, leaving approxi-mately 5/~ inch of wire exposed. The longitudinal axis of the ~ tool guide member 25 is inclined at an angle of approximately 23 with respect to the vertical. Wire 27 serves as an elec-~! trode, and to the point at which the arc is generated between wire 27 and the tool joint surface is spaced from top dead center a circumferential distance equal to an angle of approxi-mately 13 with respect to the vertical. Top dead center is a point at which a vertical plane passes through the tool joint exterior surface and the longitudinal axis of the tool joint.
An inert gas, preferably argon, and designated as numeral 31,.is discharged from guide member 25 and envelops wire 27. Means (not shown) are included in the apparatus to reciprocate the wire 27 across the width of the band 13, par-allel to the longitudinal axis of the tool.
As shown in Fig. 3, granules of sintered tungsten carbide are gravity fed from a conduit or a tube 33, which is i attached to guide member 25 and inclined with respect to it.
25 i Granules 15 are thread through an orifice 35 of tube 33, then through an orifice 37 of an extension block 39, and onto the surface of the tool joint 11. Orifice 37 extends flush from orifice 33 at the same angle of inclination. The forward edge of orifice 37 is positioned approximately 1/4 lnch from wire 27. The angle of inclination of orifice 37 is selected so that _ _ . . , . _,, , `-- 202~7 . .
,, 1 I most of the granules 15 will fall directly into the arc, as shown in Fig. 4. In order to achieve the desired densities, orifice 35 and 37 must be of certain cross-sectional areas, consequently, although concentrated, a certain amount of the particles will not fall directly into the arc, but will fall in close proximity to lt. A hopper 41 for holding granules 15 is mounted above the tool joint 11. ~opper 41 has an outlet tube 43 at its bottom. A driven conveyor wheel 45 is mounted adja-I! cent the discharge end of the outlet tube 43. Wheel 45 is a 1 plura-ity o. reccptacles 47 or. its edge for conveying granules.
Wheel 45 rotates by the end of the outlet tube 43 for plcking up the granules as they fall out. Wheel 45 and hopper 41 are carried in a case 49. The upper end of tube 33 terminates at the bottom of case 49 at a place where it receives granules conveyed by the wheel 45 as it rotates. A tray 51 surrounds t~e wheel a5, outlet 43, and entrance to tube 33 to receive granules that overflow receptacles 47. Thus, as shown in Fig.
One disadvantage of the resulting sintered tungsten carbide hardfacing is that many of the granules remain only partially embedded in the matrix, giving a rough, abrasive exterior. In deep wells, intermediate strings of casing are set as the well is drilled. While drilling deeper through a string of intermediate casing, the rough surface of the hard-facing can abrade and damage the casing. Consequently, it is advantageous to have a hardfacing surface free of protruding tungsten carblde granules. In U.S. Patent No. 4,243,727, entitled "SURFACE SMOOTHED TOOL JOINT HARDFACING", a method and apparatus is shown for hardfacing tool joints using tungsten ~ ~ _ .
. ~ .
~ 2~2~7 1 , carbide granules that results in a smooth exterior. The gran-ules are dropped directly into the arc, rather than behind the arc. T~,is concentrates the granules toward the bottom of the hardfacing deposit and results in a harder matrix near the bottom, as well.
In U.S. Patent No. 4,228,339, an improved method for hardsurfacing the tool joints is provided in which annular bands of hardfacing are applied using tungsten carbide granules ~ in a steel matrix applied by means of an electrode to the 10 ~ welding pudd1e.
It has been dlscovered that it is extremely difficult to machine down the hardfacing containing the tungsten carbide granules, because of their extreme hardness. The removal of the outer layer of tungsten carbide granules in hardfacing is necessary so that the hardfacing itself will not cut into or wear a surface of the casing through which the tool joint typically will be inserted. In instances in which tungsten carbide granules are within the matrix forming the hardfacing, considerable time is required to machine down the tungsten carbide granules, thus contributing significantly to the total cost of the hardfacing operation. The present invention is an improvement upon the process and product of the '339 patent, cited above, in that the puddle containing the steel matrix and the tungsten carbide granules therein is deposited in the grooves by the electrode to a given depth and thereafter the feed of granules into the weld puddle is discontinued with a continuation of the application of the puddle by the electrode to the groove to provide a protruding substantially tungsten carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint. The protruding substantially tungsten carbide free ~: ffl hardfacing may then be machined down to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint. Because the protruding hardfacing surface does not contain tungsten carbide granules, the machining operation may be effected with considerable savings of time and e~uipment.
The invention in one aspect provides a method of applying grooved bands of hardsurfacing on a tool joint for earth boring drill pipe, the hardfacing having tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix. The method includes the steps of rotating the tool joint, providing an arc between an electrode and the tool joint to create a weld puddle, reciprocating the electrode parallel to the tool joint axis and feeding granules into the weld puddle. The improvement comprising applying the weld puddle within a groove around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches, discontinuing the feed of the granules into the weld puddle and continuing the application of the weld puddle around the tool joint and in the grooves to provide a protruding substantially tungsten carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 inches to about 0.175 inches.
The invention also pertains to a tool joint for earth boring drill pipe comprising (l) grooved bands of hardfacing (2) tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel :-matrix deposited in the hardfacing. The grooved bands of hardfacing are provided by the process of (a) rotating the tool joint, (b) providing an arc between an electrode and the tool joint to create a weld puddle, (c) reciprocating the electrode parallel to the tool joint axis, (d) feeding granules into the weld puddle, (e) applying the weld puddle within the grooved bands around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about r 0 20232q7 0.150 inches, (f) discontinuing the feed of the granules into the weld puddle and (g) continuing the application of the weld puddle around the tool joint and in the grooved bands. Thus there is provided (3) a protruding substantially carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 to about 0.175 inches.
The invention further provides a tool joint for earth boring drill pipe comprising a metallic cylindrical housing adaptable at at least one end for securement to a drill pipe member and an outer face around the exterior of the housing, a portion of the face having hardfacing comprising tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix, the hardfacing extending outwardly of the housing no more than substantially the outer diameter of the housing, the hardfacing having no tungsten carbide granules within the substantially outer diameter of the housing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a portion of a tool joint constructed in accordance with this invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the tool joint of Fig.
1 taken along line 2 - 2.
Fig. 3 is a view similar to that of Fig. 2 taken subsequent to the machining operation.
20~3297 1 Fig. 4 is a generally schematic end view of the apparatus for the hardfacing method.
Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 3 showing the apparatus and procedure when the feed of the granules is discontinued into the weld puddle.
Fig. 6 is an x-y axis chart of a wear test of a bare tool joint onto a piece of casing.
Fig. 7 is an axial chart similar to that of Fig. 6 showing the results of a test of a tool joint made in accordance 10 i with the present method in comparls~n with ths effect of thc same testing on bare tool joint a~ illustrated in Fiy. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Now with reference to the illustration of Fig. 1, there is shown a portion of a tool ~oint 11 with grooved bands 13 of hardfacing. As shown in Fig. 2, sintered tungsten carbide granules 15 are embedded in the portion 17b of the hardfacing deposit. A portion 17a of the hardfacing deposit around the exterior of the tool joint 11, a given depth, is applied subse-quent to the application of the matrix 17b containing the particles 15, but the portion 17a of the matrix does not con-tain any such tungsten carbide granules or particles 15. The surface 19 will be substantially free of protruding particles 15 prior to machining of the outer diameter defined by that portion 17a of the deposited ~atrix within the band or groove 13. The hardfacing both with the sintered tungsten carbide granules 15 and without the granules 15 has been deposited on the tool joint 11 by a hardfacing apparatus 21 and procedure as shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
Apparatus 21 includes means (not shown) for holding the tool joint 11 in a horizontal position and for rotating it `- 2~23~
. . .
1 , in the direction shown by arrow 23. A guide member 25 is mounted with its lower surface above the tool joint 11 approxi-mately 3/4 inch, or so. A consumable steel wire matrix 27 is mounted on a driven roller 29 that feeds the wire through the center of a guide member 25 toward the tool joint 11. The lower tip of the wire 27 is positioned approximately 1/8 inch or so from the surface of the tool joint 11, leaving approxi-mately 5/~ inch of wire exposed. The longitudinal axis of the ~ tool guide member 25 is inclined at an angle of approximately 23 with respect to the vertical. Wire 27 serves as an elec-~! trode, and to the point at which the arc is generated between wire 27 and the tool joint surface is spaced from top dead center a circumferential distance equal to an angle of approxi-mately 13 with respect to the vertical. Top dead center is a point at which a vertical plane passes through the tool joint exterior surface and the longitudinal axis of the tool joint.
An inert gas, preferably argon, and designated as numeral 31,.is discharged from guide member 25 and envelops wire 27. Means (not shown) are included in the apparatus to reciprocate the wire 27 across the width of the band 13, par-allel to the longitudinal axis of the tool.
As shown in Fig. 3, granules of sintered tungsten carbide are gravity fed from a conduit or a tube 33, which is i attached to guide member 25 and inclined with respect to it.
25 i Granules 15 are thread through an orifice 35 of tube 33, then through an orifice 37 of an extension block 39, and onto the surface of the tool joint 11. Orifice 37 extends flush from orifice 33 at the same angle of inclination. The forward edge of orifice 37 is positioned approximately 1/4 lnch from wire 27. The angle of inclination of orifice 37 is selected so that _ _ . . , . _,, , `-- 202~7 . .
,, 1 I most of the granules 15 will fall directly into the arc, as shown in Fig. 4. In order to achieve the desired densities, orifice 35 and 37 must be of certain cross-sectional areas, consequently, although concentrated, a certain amount of the particles will not fall directly into the arc, but will fall in close proximity to lt. A hopper 41 for holding granules 15 is mounted above the tool joint 11. ~opper 41 has an outlet tube 43 at its bottom. A driven conveyor wheel 45 is mounted adja-I! cent the discharge end of the outlet tube 43. Wheel 45 is a 1 plura-ity o. reccptacles 47 or. its edge for conveying granules.
Wheel 45 rotates by the end of the outlet tube 43 for plcking up the granules as they fall out. Wheel 45 and hopper 41 are carried in a case 49. The upper end of tube 33 terminates at the bottom of case 49 at a place where it receives granules conveyed by the wheel 45 as it rotates. A tray 51 surrounds t~e wheel a5, outlet 43, and entrance to tube 33 to receive granules that overflow receptacles 47. Thus, as shown in Fig.
3, the tungsten carbide granules are placed in an alloy steel matrix and the weld puddle is applied within the grooved bands 20 ,, 13 of the tool joint 11 to a grooved depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches. When this depth is reached (and ascertained by known ~eans), the feed of the granules is terminated, but the weld puddle without the gran-' ules continues to be deposited within the grooved bands 13 to provide the hardfacing portion 17a to a depth of from between about .050 inches to about .175 inches. In other words, the depth ofthe weld puddle containing the tungsten carbide granules and identified 17b in Fig. 2 defines a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches, while the weld puddle without the tungsten carbide granules defined as portlon "~
r~.
2~3~ ~
1 17a is a hardfacing surface of from between about .050 inches to about 0.175 inches. When the proper depth of the weld puddle defined as 17a has been established, and calculated in known means, the tool joint 11 is machined in conventional fashion to remove substantially all of the hardfacing surface portion 17a, such that the portion 17b containing the tungsten carbide particles does not appear on the smooth surface of the hardfacing, but begins just below the hardfacing 17a machined ~ line subsequent to machining. In such an operation, preferably about 80% of the total hardfacing surface is ~achined down to substantially the outer diameter o the tool jcint.
In operation, granules of sintered tungsten carbide containing 5% to 7% cobalt are preferred, although other ranges and iron group binders are also feasible. One preferred size is -14 mesh to +30 mesh. To achieve a desired hardfacing density of 0.022 pounds per square inch, orifice 37 is approxi-mately 1/8 inch wide and 1/8 inch high. Tool joint 11 is rotated at approximately one rotation per minute, which is about 20-22 circumferential inches per minute. The guide member is reciprocated 85 to 95 oscillations per minute along a 7/8 inche stroke. A slight overlap provides bands of 3/4 inch wide. An arc is struck to create a weld puddle, the temperature generated being approximately 5000F. Argon gas containing 5%
oxygen is pumped into the arc. Well 45 commences rotation substantially the same time as the arc is created, dropping granules of sintered tungsten carbide into the weld puddle at the arc, during the process for the deposition of the hardfac-ing portion 17b. Preferably, 0.5 to 0.6 pounds per minute of sintered carbide granules are fed into the weld puddle to achieve the desired density. The deposit averages 0.10 inches - 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ r~, .
1 1 in thickness. Now with reference to Fig. 6, there is shown an , axial x-y chart of the results of a test procedure, which is ! conventional to the industry, wherein the tool joint ll made in accordance with the present invention is tested is a cyclical test of friction of the tool joint ll relative to a section of casing concentrically housing the tool joint ll in the test procedure. In the test reflected in the chart shown in Fig. 6, a bare tool joint is cyclically reciprocated back and forth on 1~ the casing section, with the lines representing time factor.
10 ;' In comparison with the results of the test shown in the chart of Fig 7, it can be seen that the wear pattern of the tool - joint of the present invention in comparison with the bare tool joint is quite similar. In Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 location of wear is defined inches on the casing section versus the amount of casing wear in inches, over time. As can be seen from the testina chart, a flush hardfacing surface is provided on the tool joint ll which provides maximum contact area which reduces contact stress and thus casing wear.
In providing a tool joint ll containing hardfacing having therein tungsten carbide particles, as deposited on the tool joint ll in accordance with the present invention, the surface can be machined to provide a smooth surface finish.
Previously, the only practical way to obtain a smooth surface ~ finish was by means of grinding the hardfacing, which is an extremely tedious and time consuming procedure. Breakage of cutting components of machines used in the machining operation will not occur because of the lack of the presence of the tungsten carbide particles in the portlon of the hardfacing to be machined.
., ~ A
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r ; 2~23~7 i il 1 1Although the invention has been described in terms of .' specified embodiments which are set forth in detail, it should be understood that this is by illustration only and that the invention is not necessarily limited thereto, since alternative embodiments and operating techniques will become apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the disclosure. Accord-ingly, modifications are contemplated which can be made without departing from the spirit of the described invention.
., ~
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1 17a is a hardfacing surface of from between about .050 inches to about 0.175 inches. When the proper depth of the weld puddle defined as 17a has been established, and calculated in known means, the tool joint 11 is machined in conventional fashion to remove substantially all of the hardfacing surface portion 17a, such that the portion 17b containing the tungsten carbide particles does not appear on the smooth surface of the hardfacing, but begins just below the hardfacing 17a machined ~ line subsequent to machining. In such an operation, preferably about 80% of the total hardfacing surface is ~achined down to substantially the outer diameter o the tool jcint.
In operation, granules of sintered tungsten carbide containing 5% to 7% cobalt are preferred, although other ranges and iron group binders are also feasible. One preferred size is -14 mesh to +30 mesh. To achieve a desired hardfacing density of 0.022 pounds per square inch, orifice 37 is approxi-mately 1/8 inch wide and 1/8 inch high. Tool joint 11 is rotated at approximately one rotation per minute, which is about 20-22 circumferential inches per minute. The guide member is reciprocated 85 to 95 oscillations per minute along a 7/8 inche stroke. A slight overlap provides bands of 3/4 inch wide. An arc is struck to create a weld puddle, the temperature generated being approximately 5000F. Argon gas containing 5%
oxygen is pumped into the arc. Well 45 commences rotation substantially the same time as the arc is created, dropping granules of sintered tungsten carbide into the weld puddle at the arc, during the process for the deposition of the hardfac-ing portion 17b. Preferably, 0.5 to 0.6 pounds per minute of sintered carbide granules are fed into the weld puddle to achieve the desired density. The deposit averages 0.10 inches - 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ r~, .
1 1 in thickness. Now with reference to Fig. 6, there is shown an , axial x-y chart of the results of a test procedure, which is ! conventional to the industry, wherein the tool joint ll made in accordance with the present invention is tested is a cyclical test of friction of the tool joint ll relative to a section of casing concentrically housing the tool joint ll in the test procedure. In the test reflected in the chart shown in Fig. 6, a bare tool joint is cyclically reciprocated back and forth on 1~ the casing section, with the lines representing time factor.
10 ;' In comparison with the results of the test shown in the chart of Fig 7, it can be seen that the wear pattern of the tool - joint of the present invention in comparison with the bare tool joint is quite similar. In Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 location of wear is defined inches on the casing section versus the amount of casing wear in inches, over time. As can be seen from the testina chart, a flush hardfacing surface is provided on the tool joint ll which provides maximum contact area which reduces contact stress and thus casing wear.
In providing a tool joint ll containing hardfacing having therein tungsten carbide particles, as deposited on the tool joint ll in accordance with the present invention, the surface can be machined to provide a smooth surface finish.
Previously, the only practical way to obtain a smooth surface ~ finish was by means of grinding the hardfacing, which is an extremely tedious and time consuming procedure. Breakage of cutting components of machines used in the machining operation will not occur because of the lack of the presence of the tungsten carbide particles in the portlon of the hardfacing to be machined.
., ~ A
'' t;~
r ; 2~23~7 i il 1 1Although the invention has been described in terms of .' specified embodiments which are set forth in detail, it should be understood that this is by illustration only and that the invention is not necessarily limited thereto, since alternative embodiments and operating techniques will become apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the disclosure. Accord-ingly, modifications are contemplated which can be made without departing from the spirit of the described invention.
., ~
; ,, I
. '.
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Claims (10)
1. A method of applying grooved bands of hardsurfacing on a tool joint for earth boring drill pipe, the hardfacing having tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix, the method including the steps of rotating the tool joint, providing an arc between an electrode and the tool joint to create a weld puddle, reciprocating the electrode parallel to the tool joint axis and feeding granules into the weld puddle, the improvement comprising:
(1) applying the weld puddle within a groove around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches;
(2) discontinuing the feed of the granules into the weld puddle; and (3) continuing the application of the weld puddle around the tool joint and in the grooves to provide a protruding substantially tungsten carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 inches to about 0.175 inches.
(1) applying the weld puddle within a groove around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches;
(2) discontinuing the feed of the granules into the weld puddle; and (3) continuing the application of the weld puddle around the tool joint and in the grooves to provide a protruding substantially tungsten carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 inches to about 0.175 inches.
2. The improvement of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
(4) machining the hardfacing surface down to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint.
(4) machining the hardfacing surface down to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint.
3. The improvement of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
(5) machining the hardfacing surface down to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint whereby substantially all of the surfaces of the tungsten carbide granules are below the machined surface.
(5) machining the hardfacing surface down to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint whereby substantially all of the surfaces of the tungsten carbide granules are below the machined surface.
4. The improvement of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the hardfacing has a Rockwell "C" Hardness of from between about 45 and 55.
5. A tool joint for earth boring drill pipe comprising:
(1) grooved bands of hardfacing (2) tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix deposited in said hardfacing, the grooved bands of hardfacing being provided by the process of: (a) rotating the tool joint; (b) providing an arc between an electrode and the tool joint to create a weld puddle; (c) reciprocating the electrode parallel to the tool joint axis; (d) feeding granules into the weld puddle;
(e) applying the weld puddle within the grooved bands around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches;
(f) discontinuing the feed of the granules into the weld puddle; and (g) continuing the application of the weld puddle around the tool joint and in the grooved bands to provide:
(3) a protruding substantially carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 to about 0.175 inches.
(1) grooved bands of hardfacing (2) tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix deposited in said hardfacing, the grooved bands of hardfacing being provided by the process of: (a) rotating the tool joint; (b) providing an arc between an electrode and the tool joint to create a weld puddle; (c) reciprocating the electrode parallel to the tool joint axis; (d) feeding granules into the weld puddle;
(e) applying the weld puddle within the grooved bands around the exterior of the tool joint to a groove depth of from between about 0.75 inches to about 0.150 inches;
(f) discontinuing the feed of the granules into the weld puddle; and (g) continuing the application of the weld puddle around the tool joint and in the grooved bands to provide:
(3) a protruding substantially carbide free hardfacing surface above the outer diameter of the tool joint of from between about 0.050 to about 0.175 inches.
6. The tool joint of claim 5 wherein the hardfacing surface is machined down to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint.
7. The tool joint of claim 5 wherein about 80% of the hardfacing surface is machined down to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint.
8. The tool joint of claim 5 wherein the hardfacing surface is machined to substantially the outer diameter of the tool joint and substantially all of the surfaces of the tungsten carbide granules are below the outer diameter of the tool joint after machining.
9. The tool joint of claims 5, 6, 7 or 8 wherein the hardfacing has a Rockwell "C" Hardness of from between about 45 and about 55.
10. A tool joint for earth boring drill pipe comprising:
a metallic cylindrical housing adaptable at at least one end for securement to a drill pipe member; and an outer face around the exterior of said housing, a portion of said face having hardfacing comprising tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix, the hardfacing extending outwardly of said housing no more than substantially the outer diameter of the housing, said hardfacing having no tungsten carbide granules within said substantially outer diameter of the housing.
a metallic cylindrical housing adaptable at at least one end for securement to a drill pipe member; and an outer face around the exterior of said housing, a portion of said face having hardfacing comprising tungsten carbide granules in an alloy steel matrix, the hardfacing extending outwardly of said housing no more than substantially the outer diameter of the housing, said hardfacing having no tungsten carbide granules within said substantially outer diameter of the housing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US408,074 | 1982-08-16 | ||
| US07/408,074 US5010225A (en) | 1989-09-15 | 1989-09-15 | Tool joint and method of hardfacing same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2023297A1 CA2023297A1 (en) | 1991-03-16 |
| CA2023297C true CA2023297C (en) | 1995-08-01 |
Family
ID=23614761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002023297A Expired - Lifetime CA2023297C (en) | 1989-09-15 | 1990-08-15 | Tool joint and method of hardfacing same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5010225A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0417731B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2880568B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2023297C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69023441T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5147996A (en) * | 1989-09-15 | 1992-09-15 | Grant Tfw, Inc. | Tool joint |
| US5569395A (en) * | 1992-02-19 | 1996-10-29 | Arnco Technology Trust | Deep coat faced plate and method |
| AU2535295A (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1995-12-21 | Bgm (Patents) Limited | Work piece repair |
| IT1279181B1 (en) * | 1995-05-03 | 1997-12-04 | Parmaprogetti Srl | DEVICE FOR PLASMA WELDING, WITH DROP POWDER DOSER BY GRAVITY |
| AU737745B2 (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2001-08-30 | Great Western Corporation Pty Ltd | An apparatus for hard facing |
| AU744741B2 (en) | 1998-01-05 | 2002-02-28 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | A drill pipe and method of forming and reconditioning a drill pipe |
| WO2001036711A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-25 | Kerr Corporation | Adherent hard coatings for dental burs and other applications |
| US7703555B2 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2010-04-27 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drilling tools having hardfacing with nickel-based matrix materials and hard particles |
| US7997359B2 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2011-08-16 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Abrasive wear-resistant hardfacing materials, drill bits and drilling tools including abrasive wear-resistant hardfacing materials |
| US7597159B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2009-10-06 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drill bits and drilling tools including abrasive wear-resistant materials |
| US8002052B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2011-08-23 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Particle-matrix composite drill bits with hardfacing |
| EP2066864A1 (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2009-06-10 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Methods for applying wear-resistant material to exterior surfaces of earth-boring tools and resulting structures |
| WO2010002629A2 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-07 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method to reduce carbide erosion of pdc cutter |
| US8602113B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2013-12-10 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Coated oil and gas well production devices |
| WO2010033742A2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-25 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and apparatus for the automated application of hardfacing material to rolling cutters of earth-boring bits |
| US8450637B2 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2013-05-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Apparatus for automated application of hardfacing material to drill bits |
| US9439277B2 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2016-09-06 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Robotically applied hardfacing with pre-heat |
| US8948917B2 (en) * | 2008-10-29 | 2015-02-03 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Systems and methods for robotic welding of drill bits |
| WO2010059286A1 (en) | 2008-11-21 | 2010-05-27 | Caterpillar Inc. | Abrasion resistant track shoe grouser |
| AU2009318054B2 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2015-03-26 | Caterpillar Inc. | Abrasion resistant composition |
| US8561707B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2013-10-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Ultra-low friction coatings for drill stem assemblies |
| US8590627B2 (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2013-11-26 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Coated sleeved oil and gas well production devices |
| US9321117B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2016-04-26 | Vermeer Manufacturing Company | Automatic system for abrasive hardfacing |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB718866A (en) * | 1952-04-01 | 1954-11-24 | Air Reduction | Improvements in method of hard surfacing |
| US4243727A (en) * | 1977-04-25 | 1981-01-06 | Hughes Tool Company | Surface smoothed tool joint hardfacing |
| US4228339A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1980-10-14 | Hughes Tool Company | Method of hardfacing tool joints |
| JPS63165074A (en) * | 1986-12-26 | 1988-07-08 | Tokushu Denkyoku Kk | Build-up welding method for wear resistant metal |
-
1989
- 1989-09-15 US US07/408,074 patent/US5010225A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-08-15 CA CA002023297A patent/CA2023297C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-11 EP EP90117483A patent/EP0417731B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-11 DE DE69023441T patent/DE69023441T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-17 JP JP2246948A patent/JP2880568B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2023297A1 (en) | 1991-03-16 |
| JPH03107092A (en) | 1991-05-07 |
| JP2880568B2 (en) | 1999-04-12 |
| EP0417731A2 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
| EP0417731A3 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
| US5010225A (en) | 1991-04-23 |
| DE69023441T2 (en) | 1996-07-18 |
| EP0417731B1 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
| DE69023441D1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
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